Low current Cd4+T cell count: prediction, for persistent herpetic gingivostomatitis in HIV-positive patients under antiretroviral therapy

Background: Oral viral lesions associated with HIV infection are important since they affect the quality of life of the patient and are useful markers of disease progression and immunosuppression. The purpose of this study was to correlate the persistence of herpetic gingivostomatitis lesions with the current CD4+ T cell count for adherence of HIV-infected individuals to anti retroviral therapy (ART) and antiviral therapy.Methods: 302 HIV +ve patients developing oral ulcers were included in this study. The herpes simplex viral infections associated with the oral manifestations were detected through Immuno histochemical staining. The quantitative analysis of oral ulceration was done by using mucositis index.CD4T cell count was correlated with clinical manifestations of extensiveness of oral ulcers, acute febrile condition and other constitutional symptoms during follow up of cases for the treatment with anti viral therapies.Results: Association of herpes simplex viral infections was found in 72 out of 302 HIV+ ve cases. All the HSV +ve patients developed extensive oral mucsal lesions during the 1st week. Extensive lesions developed within 7 days in patients with CD4 count <200 due to HSV infection, remained more or less unchanged in the oral cavity up to 90 days although they were receiving antiretroviral and antiviral therapies. In HIV + patients with CD4 count >500, manifestation of mucosal ulcers due to acute herpetic gingivostomatitis was limited to a period of 1 to 2 weeks. Patients with CD4 count >200 <500 did not follow a definite pattern.Conclusions: Persistent oropharyngeal mucosal ulcers along with acute febrile condition due to herpes simplex virus infection are associated with low CD4 T cell count in HIV + patients under antiretroviral therapy.

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EBV AND HHV-6 CIRCULATING SUBTYPES IN PEOPLE LIVING WITH HIV IN BURKINA FASO, IMPACT ON CD4 T CELL COUNT AND HIV VIRAL LOAD

Mediterranean Journal of Hematology and Infectious Diseases ◽

10.4084/mjhid.2017.049 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 2017049 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Lassina TRAORE ◽

Ouéogo NIKIEMA ◽

Abdoul Karim OUATTARA ◽

Tegwindé Rébéca COMPAORE ◽

Serge Théophile SOUBEIGA ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Viral Load ◽

T Cell ◽

Cell Count ◽

Cd4 Count ◽

Cd4 T Cell ◽

People Living With Hiv ◽

Study Population ◽

Living With Hiv ◽

Hiv 1 ◽

Cd4 T Cell Count

Epstein Barr Virus (EBV) and Human Herpes Virus 6 (HHV-6) are responsible for severe diseases, particularly in immunocompromised persons. There are poor data on the infection with these opportunistic viruses in Burkina Faso.The purpose of this study is to characterize EBV and HHV-6 subtypes and to assess their impact on CD4 T cell count, HIV-1 viral load and antiretroviral treatment in people living with HIV-1.The study population consisted of 238 HIV-positive patients with information on CD4 count, HIV-1 viral load and HAART. Venous blood samples collected on EDTA tubes were used for EBV and HHV-6 Real Time PCR subtyping.An infection rate of 6.7% (16/238) and 7.1% (17/238) were found respectively for EBV and HHV-6 in the present study. Among EBV infections, similar prevalences were noted for both subtypes (3.9% [9/238] for EBV-1 vs 4.6% [11/238] for EBV-2) with 2.1% (5/238) of co-infection. HHV-6A infection represented 6.3% (15/238) of the study population against 5.0% (12/238) for HHV-6B. . EBV-2 infection was significantly higher in patients with CD4 count ≥ 500 compared to those with CD4 count less than 500 cells (1.65% vs 8.56%, p = 0,011). The prevalence of EBV and HHV-6 infections were almost similar in HAART-naive and HAART-experienced patients.The present study provides information on the prevalence of EBV and HHV-6 subtypes in people living with HIV-1 in Burkina Faso. The study also suggests that HAART treatment has no effect on infection with these opportunistic viruses in people living with HIV-1.

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External Quality Assessment on CD4+ T-Cell Count Using in-House Proficiency Testing Panels for CD4 Count Laboratories in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Ethiopian Journal of Health Sciences ◽

10.4314/ejhs.v29i3.3 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 29 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Natnael Kidanu Yibalih ◽

Dawit Wolday ◽

Samuel Kinde ◽

Gebru Mulugeta Weldearegay

Keyword(s):

Standard Deviation ◽

T Cell ◽

Cell Count ◽

External Quality Assessment ◽

Addis Ababa ◽

Cd4 Count ◽

Cd4 T Cell ◽

External Quality ◽

Trimmed Mean ◽

Cd4 T Cell Count

BACKGROUND: CD4+ T-cell count External Quality Assessment program is important for the evaluation of performance of CD4 count laboratories. The aim of this study was to assess the quality of CD4count laboratory performance using in-house Proficiency testing panels that perform routineCD4 counts in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2013/14.METHODS: Participating laboratories were 20, 23 and 25 in trials 1, 2 and 3, respectively. In-house prepared fresh whole blood samples both with “normal” and “low” CD4 values were sent to participating laboratories. Percentage and absolute counts of CD4+ T-lymphocytes were done using their routine procedures. Data were analyzed for each trial including trimmed mean, standard deviation (SD), percent coefficient of variation (%CV), residual, and standard deviation index (SDI) values for both absolute counts and percentages of CD4+ lymphocytes (%CD4).RESULTS: Most participating laboratories produced results that were within 2SD of the mean. Average inter-laboratory precision (trimmed %CV) was 10.87% and 5.14% for CD4 absolute counts and %CD4, respectively. For normal material, the trimmed mean %CV was 9.59% and3.23% for CD4 absolute counts and %CD4, respectively. For low material, the trimmed mean % CV was 12.15% and 7.05% for CD4 absolute counts and %CD4 respectively. BDFACSCount™ users showed the best accuracy and precision as evidenced by longitudinal analysis.CONCLUSION: This study was found to help facilities in early identifying their gaps with regard to their CD4 count performance and in avoiding the challenges encountered during participation in external EQA providers like the high cost, transportation problem, feedback delay and CD4laboratory coverage.

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Preclinical Assessment of a Cartridge-Based Flow-Through Assay for Determination of Adult CD4 T-Cell Count

The Open AIDS Journal ◽

10.2174/1874613602014010050 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 50-60

Author(s):

Simon Bystryak ◽

Chitrangada Acharya ◽

Kyle Dobiszewski ◽

Hongying Zhu ◽

Rajiv P. Bandwar

Keyword(s):

Flow Cytometry ◽

T Cell ◽

Cell Count ◽

Point Of Care ◽

Cd4 Count ◽

Cd4 T Cell ◽

Cell Counting ◽

Wide Range ◽

Flow Through ◽

Cd4 T Cell Count

Background: Despite the emphasis on viral load testing, current HIV testing guidelines consider CD4 T-cell count measurement as an important criterion for assessing disease progression, making decisions about anti-retroviral therapy regime changes, and treating HIV infected individuals with opportunistic infections. The CD4 counting by established methods (e.g., flow cytometry) presents challenges not only in resource-scarce settings due to cost and lack of skilled technicians but also in resource-rich areas where it is limited to centralized facilities. Objective: Current options for Point-Of-Care (POC) CD4 enumeration are few and labor-intensive, prompting the need for newer technological methods that can overcome the aforementioned challenges. Methods: The novel and patented flow-through cell counting assay (FTCA) described previously (Bystryak et al., 2019) was developed further into a point-of-care CD4 testing system using a disposable cartridge device and a portable imaging instrument. A pilot study with ~100 samples using this device was conducted to assess the validity of FTCA as a POC test for the measurement of CD4 count. Results: The FTCA signal was found to be linear over a wide range (17 - 1540 cells/μL) of CD4 T-cell concentration. The FTCA method also exhibits a strong agreement with flow cytometry, with very low bias (− 7 cells/μL) towards CD4 count measurement. Conclusion: The cartridge-based FTCA method has great potential to be a fully quantitative method with low complexity, portability, low-cost, and wide applicability in clinical practice.

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Intestinal Parasitic Infections in Relation to Diarrhea and CD4 T-cell Count among Saudi Patients with Chronic Renal Insufficiency

International Conference on Agricultural, Ecological and Medical Sciences (AEMS-2015) April 7-8, 2015 Phuket (Thailand) ◽

10.15242/iicbe.c0415042 ◽

2015 ◽

Keyword(s):

T Cell ◽

Renal Insufficiency ◽

Cell Count ◽

Chronic Renal Insufficiency ◽

Cd4 T Cell ◽

Parasitic Infections ◽

Intestinal Parasitic Infections ◽

Cd4 T Cell Count ◽

Saudi Patients

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of Relationship between T cell activation and CD4+ T cell count in HIV-seropositive individuals with undetectable plasma HIV RNA levels in the absence of therapy.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.1098360.554407 ◽

2007 ◽

Author(s):

William Shearer

Keyword(s):

T Cell ◽

Cell Count ◽

T Cell Activation ◽

Cell Activation ◽

Cd4 T Cell ◽

Hiv Rna ◽

Undetectable Plasma ◽

Hiv Seropositive ◽

Cd4 T Cell Count ◽

Rna Levels

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of CD4+ T cell count recovery in HIV type 1-infected patients is independent of class of antiretroviral therapy.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.1139018.596123 ◽

2008 ◽

Author(s):

Caroline Sabin

Keyword(s):

T Cell ◽

Antiretroviral Therapy ◽

Cell Count ◽

Cd4 T Cell ◽

Hiv Type 1 ◽

Cd4 T Cell Count ◽

Count Recovery

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The Effect of Antiretroviral Therapy on IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, IFN-γ Levels and their Relationship with HIV-RNA and CD4+ T Cells in HIV Patients

Current HIV Research ◽

10.2174/1570162x18666200712174642 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 18 (5) ◽

pp. 354-361

Author(s):

Gülay Okay ◽

Meliha Meric Koc ◽

Eray Metin Guler ◽

Ayşegül Yabaci ◽

Abdürrahim Kocyigit ◽

...

Keyword(s):

T Cell ◽

Hiv Infection ◽

Cell Count ◽

Cd4 T Cell ◽

Positive Correlation ◽

Hiv Rna ◽

Tnf Α ◽

Cytokine Levels ◽

Ifn Γ ◽

Cd4 T Cell Count

Background: Serum cytokine levels over the course of HIV infection usually increase with immunosuppression and decrease after antiretroviral treatment (ART). Objectives: The aim of the study is to compare cytokine levels between HIV-infected patients (HIP) and controls and investigate the relationship between CD4+T cell count, HIV-RNA levels, and cytokine levels. Methods: The study subjects comprised ART-naive HIP (n=30) with no comorbidities and age-and sex-matched healthy controls. We measured levels of IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, and IFN-γ in serum samples of HIP at the beginning and at month 6 of ART and in controls. Results: The mean age of the study subjects was 38.7 ±10.3 years, with men making up 86.7% of the study subjects (n=26). IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α levels were significantly higher in both ART-naive (p<0.001, p=0.002, p=0.001) and ART-experienced HIP (p<0.001) than controls. The IFN-γ level was lower in both ART-naive and ART-experienced HIP compared to controls (p=0.082 and p=0.002). There was a positive correlation between the CD4+T cell count and serum concentration of IFN- γ(r=0.320, p<0.05). While the serum IFN-γ concentration showed a negative correlation with the HIVRNA level(r=-0.412, p<0.001), the serum IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α concentrations showed a positive correlation with the HIV-RNA level (r=0.349, p<0.001; r:0.54, p<0.001; r:0.438, p<0.00). Conclusions: Although serum concentrations of IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α showed a significant decrease after ART, they were still significantly higher than the controls. IFN-γ responded differently to ART compared to the other cytokines, indicating that it may play a distinct and important role in the pathogenesis of HIV infection.

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Beyond the Absence of CD4 T-Cell Count: A Novel Genetic CD4 T-Cell Deficiency Disorder With a Contingency Plan

The Journal of Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1093/infdis/jiab026 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 223 (4) ◽

pp. 547-549

Author(s):

Jean-Pierre Routy ◽

Stéphane Isnard

Keyword(s):

T Cell ◽

Cell Count ◽

Cd4 T Cell ◽

Contingency Plan ◽

Cd4 T Cell Count

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HIV-Related Arterial Stiffness in Malawian Adults Is Associated With the Proportion of PD-1–Expressing CD8+ T Cells and Reverses With Antiretroviral Therapy

The Journal of Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1093/infdis/jiz015 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 219 (12) ◽

pp. 1948-1958 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Christine Kelly ◽

Henry C Mwandumba ◽

Robert S Heyderman ◽

Kondwani Jambo ◽

Raphael Kamng’ona ◽

...

Keyword(s):

T Cells ◽

T Cell ◽

Antiretroviral Therapy ◽

Arterial Stiffness ◽

Cell Count ◽

Cd8 T Cells ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

Cd4 T Cell ◽

Sub Saharan ◽

Cd4 T Cell Count

Abstract Background The contribution of immune activation to arterial stiffness and its reversibility in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)–infected adults in sub-Saharan Africa is unknown. Methods HIV-uninfected and HIV-infected Malawian adults initiating antiretroviral therapy (ART) with a CD4+ T-cell count of <100 cells/μL were enrolled and followed for 44 weeks; enrollment of infected adults occurred 2 weeks after ART initiation. We evaluated the relationship between carotid femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV) and T-cell activation (defined as HLA-DR+CD38+ T cells), exhaustion (define as PD-1+ T cells), and senescence (defined as CD57+ T cells) and monocyte subsets, using normal regression. Results In 279 HIV-infected and 110 HIV-uninfected adults, 142 (37%) had hypertension. HIV was independently associated with a 12% higher cfPWV (P = .02) at baseline and a 14% higher cfPWV at week 10 (P = .02), but the increases resolved by week 22. CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell exhaustion were independently associated with a higher cfPWV at baseline (P = .02). At 44 weeks, arterial stiffness improved more in those with greater decreases in the percentage of CD8+ T cells and the percentage of PD-1+CD8+ T cells (P = .01 and P = .03, respectively). When considering HIV-infected participants alone, the adjusted arterial stiffness at week 44 tended to be lower in those with higher baseline percentage of PD-1+CD8+ T cells (P = .054). Conclusions PD-1+CD8+ T-cells are associated with HIV-related arterial stiffness, which remains elevated during the first 3 months of ART. Resources to prevent cardiovascular disease in sub-Saharan Africa should focus on blood pressure reduction and individuals with a low CD4+ T-cell count during early ART.

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