scholarly journals Evaluating the effects of Moringa oleifera on atherogenic lipoprotein indices of HIV infected Nigerian adults on tenofovir-based antiretroviral regimen

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 1312
Author(s):  
Chinwe F. Anyanwu ◽  
Wolie A. Obianime ◽  
Iyeopu M. Siminialayi ◽  
Eric O. Aigbogun
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Metabolic Abnormalities ◽  
Hiv Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Atherogenic Lipoprotein ◽  
The University ◽  
Rivers State

Background: The administration of tenofovir (TDF) based (tenofovir/ lamivudine/efavirenz) antiretroviral regimen for the management of HIV has remained a concern to both clinicians and patients, thus necessitating the need for suitable supplement for the management of ART induced metabolic abnormalities. The study evaluated the effects of Moringa supplementation on the atherogenic lipoprotein indices of HIV patients on TDF-based regimen at the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Rivers State, Nigeria.Methods: The study was designed as a time dependent investigation structured into 3 visits, visit 1 (cross sectional, baseline), visit 2 (4 weeks after administration) and visit 3 (12 weeks post administration). Subjects recruited (140) into this study comprised of two groups, TDF-M (n=56, administered Moringa Supplement) and TDF-NM (n=84, no supplement).Results: At baseline, more than 50% of the patients had at least one abnormal atherogenic lipoprotein indices (Log (TC/HDL-C) = 85.7%, TC/HDL-C=58.5% and LDL-C/HDL-C=51.4%), although at lower limits. At the end of 12 weeks of Moringa supplement administration, the results showed subjects in the TDF-M group who were at risk of CVD had fallen to 20%, indicating a dramatic (40.4%) decrease, while the prevalence of TDF-NM subject at risk of CVD rose to 53.6% (χ2=26.67, P <0.001). HIV patients on TDF-based regime, who were at risk of CVD had elevated triglycerides and low-density lipoprotein cholesterols which inversely affected the levels of high-density lipoprotein and negatively impacting the atherogenic indices.Conclusions: Moringa oleifera supplementation may be helpful in ameliorating the metabolic abnormalities associated with HIV patients on TDF-based regimen.

scholarly journals Associations between Fasting Duration, Timing of First and Last Meal, and Cardiometabolic Endpoints in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 2686
Author(s):  
Michael D. Wirth ◽  
Longgang Zhao ◽  
Gabrielle M. Turner-McGrievy ◽  
Andrew Ortaglia
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
National Health ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Glycosylated Hemoglobin ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Nutrition Examination Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Fasting Duration

Background: Research indicates potential cardiometabolic benefits of energy consumption earlier in the day. This study examined the association between fasting duration, timing of first and last meals, and cardiometabolic endpoints using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Methods: Cross-sectional data from NHANES (2005–2016) were utilized. Diet was obtained from one to two 24-h dietary recalls to characterize nighttime fasting duration and timing of first and last meal. Blood samples were obtained for characterization of C-reactive protein (CRP); glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c %); insulin; glucose; and high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and total cholesterol. Survey design procedures for adjusted linear and logistic regression were performed. Results: Every one-hour increase in nighttime fasting duration was associated with a significantly higher insulin and CRP, and lower HDL. Every one-hour increase in timing of the last meal of the day was statistically significantly associated with higher HbA1c and lower LDL. Every one-hour increase in first mealtime was associated with higher CRP (β = 0.044, p = 0.0106), insulin (β = 0.429, p < 0.01), and glucose (β = 0.662, p < 0.01), and lower HDL (β = −0.377, p < 0.01). Conclusion: In this large public health dataset, evidence for the beneficial effect of starting energy consumption earlier in the day on cardiometabolic endpoints was observed.

scholarly journals Modelling the Reallocation of Time Spent Sitting into Physical Activity: Isotemporal Substitution vs. Compositional Isotemporal Substitution

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 6210
Author(s):  
Gregory J. H. Biddle ◽  
Joseph Henson ◽  
Stuart J. H. Biddle ◽  
Melanie J. Davies ◽  
Kamlesh Khunti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cardiometabolic Health ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Randomised Control Trials ◽  
Data Driven Decisions

Isotemporal substitution modelling (ISM) and compositional isotemporal modelling (CISM) are statistical approaches used in epidemiology to model the associations of replacing time in one physical behaviour with time in another. This study’s aim was to use both ISM and CISM to examine and compare associations of reallocating 60 min of sitting into standing or stepping with markers of cardiometabolic health. Cross-sectional data collected during three randomised control trials (RCTs) were utilised. All participants (n = 1554) were identified as being at high risk of developing type 2 diabetes. Reallocating 60 min from sitting to standing and to stepping was associated with a lower BMI, waist circumference, and triglycerides and higher high-density lipoprotein cholesterol using both ISM and CISM (p < 0.05). The direction and magnitude of significant associations were consistent across methods. No associations were observed for hemoglobin A1c, total cholesterol, or low-density lipoprotein cholesterol for either method. Results of both ISM and CISM were broadly similar, allowing for the interpretation of previous research, and should enable future research in order to make informed methodological, data-driven decisions.

scholarly journals The Role of Soluble Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein-1 in Obstructive Sleep Apnoea

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1494
Author(s):  
Martina Meszaros ◽  
Laszlo Kunos ◽  
Adam Domonkos Tarnoki ◽  
David Laszlo Tarnoki ◽  
Zsofia Lazar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Sleep Apnoea ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Lipoprotein Receptor ◽  
Metabolic Abnormalities ◽  
Related Protein ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Density Lipoprotein Receptor ◽  
Lipoprotein Receptor Related Protein

Intermittent hypoxia in obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is related to inflammation and metabolic abnormalities. Soluble low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-1 (sLRP-1) is involved in anti-inflammatory and metabolic processes. However, its ligand, calreticulin (CALR) promotes pro-inflammatory responses and apoptosis. Our aim was to analyse the levels of these biomarkers in OSA. We recruited 46 patients with OSA and 30 control subjects. Inpatient sleep study was performed and fasting plasma samples were collected. Triglyceride glucose index (TyG) and atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) were calculated. Plasma sLRP-1 levels were significantly lower in the OSA group compared to the controls (1.67 (0.90–2.11) mg/L vs. 1.99 (1.53–3.51) mg/L; p = 0.04) after adjustment for age, gender, BMI and lipid profile. Plasma sLRP-1 concentrations were inversely related to age (r = −0.29), BMI (r = −0.35), cigarette pack years (r = −0.31), LDL-C (r = −0.34) and triglyceride levels (r = −0.27), TyG (r = −0.37) and AIP (r = −0.27) as well as to the oxygen desaturation index (ODI, r = −0.24; all p < 0.05). BMI (p = 0.01) and ODI (p = 0.04) were independent predictors for low sLRP-1 levels. CALR did not differ significantly between the two groups (0.23 (0.17–0.34) ng/mL vs. 0.24 (0.20–0.36) ng/mL p = 0.76). We detected lower sLRP-1 levels in subjects with OSA which could contribute to metabolic abnormalities associated with this disease.

scholarly journals Association among age, gender, menopausal status and small dense low-density lipoprotein cholesterol: a cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. e041613
Author(s):  
Toshihide Izumida ◽  
Yosikazu Nakamura ◽  
Yukihiro Sato ◽  
Shizukiyo Ishikawa
Keyword(s):  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Menopausal Status ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Premenopausal Women ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Cross Sectional

ObjectivesSmall dense low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (sdLDL-C) might be a better cardiovascular disease (CVD) indicator than low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C); however, details regarding its epidemiology remain elusive. The present study aimed at evaluating the association between the demographic factors, such as age, gender and menopausal status, and sdLDL-C levels and sdLDL-C/LDL-C ratio in the Japanese population.DesignThis was a cross-sectional study.Setting13 rural districts in Japan, 2010–2017.ParticipantsThis study included 5208 participants (2397 men and 2811 women), who underwent the health mass screening that was conducted in accordance with the medical care system for the elderly and obtained informed consent for this study.ResultsIn total, 517 premenopausal women (mean age ±SD, 45.1±4.2 years), 2294 postmenopausal women (66.5±8.8 years) and 2397 men (64.1±11.2 years) were analysed. In men, the sdLDL-C levels and sdLDL-C/LDL-C ratio increased during younger adulthood, peaked (36.4 mg/dL, 0.35) at 50–54 years, and then decreased. In women, relatively regular increasing trends of sdLDL-C level and sdLDL-C/LDL-C ratio until approximately 65 years (32.7 mg/dL, 0.28), followed by a downward or pleated trend. Given the beta value of age, body mass index, fasting glucose and smoking and drinking status by multiple linear regression analysis, standardised sdLDL-C levels and sdLDL-C/LDL-C ratio in 50-year-old men, premenopausal women and postmenopausal women were 26.6, 22.7 and 27.4 mg/dL and 0.24, 0.15 and 0.23, respectively. The differences between premenopausal and postmenopausal women were significant (p<0.001).ConclusionsSdLDL-C and sdLDL-C/LDL-C ratios showed different distributions by age, gender and menopausal status. A subgroup-specific approach would be necessary to implement sdLDL-C for CVD prevention strategies, fully considering age-related trends, gender differences and menopausal status.

Estimated Prevalence of Familial Hypercholesterolemia Among Egyptian Patients with Acute Coronary Syndromes; Analysis from The Cardiorisk Project

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (Supplement_D) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashraf Reda ◽  
Ahmed Bendary ◽  
Ahmed Shawky Elserafy ◽  
Elsayed Farag ◽  
Tamer Mostafa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Familial Hypercholesterolemia ◽  
Acute Coronary Syndromes ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Lipid Clinic ◽  
Egyptian Patients ◽  
Coronary Syndromes ◽  
Premature Cad

Abstract Aims The prevalence of familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) in Egypt is largely un- known. We aimed to estimate the prevalence of FH among 3224 Egyptian patients with acute coronary syndromes enrolled from 2015 to 2018 in the nationwide cross- sectional cardioRisk project. Methods and Results We applied the Dutch Lipid Clinic criteria for the diagnosis of FH on the available data recorded for the patients enrolled in the CardioRisk project. Two main criteria were applied: the presence of premature CAD (given 2 points in the Dutch criteria), and the categorized low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) lev- els (given 1, 3, 5, or 8 points in the Dutch criteria according to the level). From a total of 3224 patients, 2743 patients had available LDL-C levels. Among those patients, when applying the abovementioned 2 criteria, we estimated that 472 patients had at least ‘possible’ FH (17.2% of the total population). Specifically, 4 patients had ‘defi- nite’ FH (0.1%), 7 patients had ‘probable’ FH (0.25%), and 461 patients had ‘possi- ble’ FH (16.8%). Conclusion The estimated prevalence of at least ‘possible’ FH among Egyptian patients with ACS is 17%.

Cardiac Manifestation among Patients with Hypothyroidism - A Cross-Sectional Study in North Karnataka

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (26) ◽  
pp. 2283-2287
Author(s):  
Swetha Rajshekar Lakshetty ◽  
Nandini Devru
Keyword(s):  
Pericardial Effusion ◽  
Diastolic Dysfunction ◽  
Cardiac Dysfunction ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Common Finding ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

BACKGROUND Hypothyroidism is the second most common endocrinopathy next to diabetes mellitus (DM). Hypothyroidism is associated with increased cardiovascular mortality and morbidity. Cardiovascular complications are some of the most profound, reproducible and reversible clinical findings associated with thyroid disease1 . Hence this study was undertaken to assess the cardiac dysfunction among patients with hypothyroidism by electrocardiogram (ECG) and echocardiogram (ECHO) so as to provide a proper treatment guideline even among milder cases. METHODS This was a cross sectional study carried among 50 new patients of hypothyroidism who presented to Navodaya Hospital, Raichur during 2015 to 2017. They were clinically evaluated and underwent relevant investigations, including thyroid profile estimation, cardiac evaluation using ECG and 2D ECHO. RESULTS Most cases fell in the age group of 31 - 40 years. There was an overall female preponderance (76 %) over all age groups with mean age of 42.02 years. Goiter was found in 8 % of patients, bradycardia and hypertension was seen in 30 % and 22 % respectively. Central nervous system (CNS) examination revealed delayed ankle jerk in 40 % followed by hoarseness of voice in 38 % of patients. Lipid analysis showed increase of total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein (LDL), very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), triglycerides (TGL) and decrease of highdensity lipoprotein (HDL). Normal ECG was found in 26 % of patients. Bradycardia was most common finding seen in 30 % (15) of patients. 24 % (12) of patients exhibited low voltage complexes. While, 46 % cases showed normal ECHO findings. 24 % of cases presented with pericardial effusion. 18 % cases presented with diastolic dysfunction among which majority were mild. None of the cases had severe diastolic dysfunction. Only a meagre 10 % cases showed intraventricular septum (IVS) thickness. CONCLUSIONS Pericardial effusion was seen among 24 % of patients while diastolic dysfunction was seen in 18 % patients. Thus, any unexplained pericardial effusion should be screened for hypothyroidism. KEYWORDS Hypothyroidism, Cardiac Dysfunction, 2D ECHO, ECG, Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)

scholarly journals Prevalence and associations of behavioural risk factors with blood lipids profile in Lebanese adults: findings from WHO STEPwise NCD cross-sectional survey

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. e026148
Author(s):  
Megali Mansour ◽  
Hani Tamim ◽  
Lara Nasreddine ◽  
Christelle El Khoury ◽  
Nahla Hwalla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Blood Lipids ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Fat Intake ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Lipids Profile ◽  
Saturated Fat Intake

ObjectiveTo examine associations of behavioural risk factors, namely cigarette smoking, physical activity, dietary intakes and alcohol consumption, with blood lipids profile.Design and participantsData drawn from a cross-sectional study involving participants aged 18 years and over (n=363) from the nationwide WHO STEPwise Nutrition and Non-communicable Disease Risk Factor survey in Lebanon.MeasuresDemographic characteristics, behaviours and medical history were obtained from participants by questionnaire. Dietary assessment was performed using a 61-item Culture-Specific Food Frequency Questionnaire that measured food intake over the past year. Lipid levels were measured by the analysis of fasting blood samples (serum total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C)).ResultsCurrent cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption and low physical activity were prevalent among 33.3%, 39.7% and 41.6% of the sample, respectively. The contributions of fat and saturated fat to daily energy intake were high, estimated at 36.5% and 11.4%, respectively. Abnormal levels of TC, TG, VLDL, LDL-C and HDL-C were observed for 55.4%, 31.4%, 29.2%, 47.5% and 21.8% of participants, respectively. Adjusting for potential confounders, cigarette smoking was positively associated with higher odds of TG and VLDL (OR=4.27; 95% CI 1.69 to 10.77; and 3.26; 95% CI 1.33 to 8.03, respectively) with a significant dose–response relationship (p value for trend=0.010 and 0.030, respectively). Alcohol drinking and high saturated fat intake (≥10% energy intake) were associated with higher odds of LDL-C (OR=1.68; 95% CI 1.01 to 2.82 and OR= 1.73; 95% CI 1.02 to 2.93). Physical activity did not associate significantly with any blood lipid parameter.ConclusionThe demonstrated positive associations between smoking, alcohol drinking and high saturated fat intake with adverse lipoprotein levels lay further evidence for clinical practitioners, public health professionals and dietitians in the development of preventive strategies among subjects with a high risk of cardiovascular diseases in Lebanon and other neighbouring countries with similar epidemiological profile.

scholarly journals Elevated HDL Levels Linked to Poorer Cognitive Ability in Females With Parkinson’s Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan C. Bakeberg ◽  
Anastazja M. Gorecki ◽  
Jade E. Kenna ◽  
Alexa Jefferson ◽  
Michelle Byrnes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Cognitive Status ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Age Related

IntroductionCholesterol levels have been associated with age-related cognitive decline, however, such an association has not been comprehensively explored in people with Parkinson’s disease (PD). To address this uncertainty, the current cross-sectional study examined the cholesterol profile and cognitive performance in a cohort of PD patients.MethodsCognitive function was evaluated using two validated assessments (ACE-R and SCOPA-COG) in 182 people with PD from the Australian Parkinson’s Disease Registry. Total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and Triglyceride (TRG) levels were examined within this cohort. The influence of individual lipid subfractions on domain-specific cognitive performance was investigated using covariate-adjusted generalised linear models.ResultsFemales with PD exhibited significantly higher lipid subfraction levels (TC, HDL, and LDL) when compared to male counterparts. While accounting for covariates, HDL levels were strongly associated with poorer performance across multiple cognitive domains in females but not males. Conversely, TC and LDL levels were not associated with cognitive status in people with PD.ConclusionHigher serum HDL associates with poorer cognitive function in females with PD and presents a sex-specific biomarker for cognitive impairment in PD.

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