scholarly journals Analgesic Effect of Zolmitriptan Nanoparticles in Experimental Animal Models

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (07) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mr. Farshid Ali Naghi Zadeh Khezri ◽  
Dr. Shachindra L. Nargund ◽  
Dr. C. S. R. Lakshmi ◽  
Dr. L. V. G. Nargund ◽  
Dr. Reza Alisani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Nasal Spray ◽  
Drug Administration ◽  
Chitosan Nanoparticles ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Test Drug ◽  
Hot Plate ◽  
Plate Method ◽  
Standard Drug

Background: Zolmitriptan is used to treat migraine and certain other headaches. This study has been done to prepare specific Zolmitriptan Nano-nasal spray (Z-NPS) by ion gelation technique to evaluate the efficacy of analgesic activity of test drug as a nano nasal spray of Zolmitriptan (Z-NPS) and conventional preparation as a standard drug (Zolmist) against Nitro-glycerine induced migraine. The study was performed on mice by using hot plate method. Methods: In this study male Swiss albino mice weighing between 25-30 grams were taken and divided into 4 groups with 6 mice in each group. Zolmitriptan loaded chitosan nanoparticles (Z-NPS) was administered nasally (using specific inhalation mask) at a dose of 5 mg/kg and was compared with the control group which received water for injection and the standard drug Zolmitriptan (Zolmist) at a same dose in mice induced migraine using hot plate method. Reaction times were measured at 10, 20, 30 and 60 minutes after drug administration. Results: The test drug (Z-NPS) at a dose of 5 mg/kg after 10 minutes of drug administration showed an increase in the reaction time compared to the standard drug (Zolmist) at same dose of drug administration. However, Z-NPS showed significant increase in the reaction time after 10 minutes as compared to Zolmist. Conclusion: Zolmitriptan has significant analgesic properties in central-analgesic model i.e. Hot-plate method. The test drug could be used for anti-migraine activity.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF ANALGESIC ACTIVITY OF MURRAYA KOENIGII AND CORIANDRUM SATIVUM LEAVES EXTRACT IN ANIMAL MODEL.

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 328
Author(s):  
Kartik Salwe J ◽  
Mirunalini R ◽  
Jervin Mano ◽  
Manimekalai K
Keyword(s):  
Analgesic Activity ◽  
Analgesic Effect ◽  
Coriandrum Sativum ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Tail Flick ◽  
Murraya Koenigii ◽  
Hot Plate ◽  
Plate Method ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Soxhlet Apparatus

 Objective: The objective of the study was to investigate the analgesic activity of hydroalcoholic extract of Murraya koenigii and Coriandrum sativum leaves and compared it with standard drug in an animal model.Methods: Hydroalcoholic extracts of M. koenigii and C. sativum leaves were obtained using Soxhlet apparatus. The central analgesic property was screened by hot plate method in mice and tail flick method in rats. The pain reaction time (PRT) was measured at 30, 60, and 120 min. The peripheral analgesic activity was evaluated by acetic acid induced writhing in mice.Results: In hot plate method M. koenigii leaves extract at both doses and tramadol showed significant increase in PRT at 30, 60, and 120 min compared with control group. C. sativum leaves extract showed significant increase in PRT only at 60 and 120 min compared to control group. In tail flick method M. koenigii leaves extract at both doses, higher dose of C. sativum leaves extract and tramadol showed significant increase in PRT at 30, 60, and 120 min compared with control group. Higher dose of M. koenigii leaves extract (200 mg/kg) was comparable with standard drug tramadol in both the methods. M. koenigii leaves extract at both dose showed significant reduction in the number of writhing but C. sativum leaves extract failed to show any significant reduction in the number of writhing compared with control. Higher dose of M. koenigii leaves extract was comparable with standard drug tramadol.Conclusion: M. koenigii leaves extract showed both peripheral and central analgesic effect while C. sativum leaves extract showed only peripheral analgesic effect.

scholarly journals Antinociceptive effect of methanolic extract of Murraya koenigii leaves in swiss albino mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 426
Author(s):  
Arunkumar J. ◽  
Vijayalakshmi M. ◽  
Yesodha S. ◽  
YousufAli A. S. ◽  
Parthiban R.
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Analgesic Activity ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Murraya Koenigii ◽  
Hot Plate ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Swiss Albino Mice ◽  
Albino Mice ◽  
Tail Clip

Background: The objective of the study was to evaluate anti-nociceptive effect of methanolic extract of Murraya koenigii leaves on thermal and mechanical pain in swiss albino mice.Methods: Thirty adult male swiss albino mice weighing 25-30 grams were selected and allocated in to five groups. Each group consists of six animals. The control group received vehicle (10 ml/kg), standard group received morphine (10 mg/kg) and test groups received dried methanolic extract of Murraya koenigii leaves (100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg, 400 mg/kg per oral respectively) 1 hour before placing the animal over the hot plate at temperature of 55⁰C . A cut off period of 10 sec was observed to avoid damage of the paw. The response in the form of withdrawal of paws or licking of the paws. The delay in the reaction time denotes analgesic activity. The latency was recorded before and after 15, 30, 60, 120 minutes administration of drug. After washout period of 1 month the same group of animals were utilized to evaluate the analgesic effect by tail clip method for better comparison.Results: All the doses of Murraya koenigii leaves significantly delayed reaction time in hot plate method and tail clip method. The results were comparable to that produced by standard drug morphine.Conclusions: Murraya koenigii leaves has analgesic activity which was comparable to morphine.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF ANALGESIC ACTIVITY OF MURRAYA KOENIGII AND CORIANDRUM SATIVUM LEAVES EXTRACT IN ANIMAL MODEL.

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 328
Author(s):  
Kartik Salwe J ◽  
Mirunalini R ◽  
Jervin Mano ◽  
Manimekalai K
Keyword(s):  
Analgesic Activity ◽  
Analgesic Effect ◽  
Coriandrum Sativum ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Tail Flick ◽  
Murraya Koenigii ◽  
Hot Plate ◽  
Plate Method ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Soxhlet Apparatus

 Objective: The objective of the study was to investigate the analgesic activity of hydroalcoholic extract of Murraya koenigii and Coriandrum sativum leaves and compared it with standard drug in an animal model.Methods: Hydroalcoholic extracts of M. koenigii and C. sativum leaves were obtained using Soxhlet apparatus. The central analgesic property was screened by hot plate method in mice and tail flick method in rats. The pain reaction time (PRT) was measured at 30, 60, and 120 min. The peripheral analgesic activity was evaluated by acetic acid induced writhing in mice.Results: In hot plate method M. koenigii leaves extract at both doses and tramadol showed significant increase in PRT at 30, 60, and 120 min compared with control group. C. sativum leaves extract showed significant increase in PRT only at 60 and 120 min compared to control group. In tail flick method M. koenigii leaves extract at both doses, higher dose of C. sativum leaves extract and tramadol showed significant increase in PRT at 30, 60, and 120 min compared with control group. Higher dose of M. koenigii leaves extract (200 mg/kg) was comparable with standard drug tramadol in both the methods. M. koenigii leaves extract at both dose showed significant reduction in the number of writhing but C. sativum leaves extract failed to show any significant reduction in the number of writhing compared with control. Higher dose of M. koenigii leaves extract was comparable with standard drug tramadol.Conclusion: M. koenigii leaves extract showed both peripheral and central analgesic effect while C. sativum leaves extract showed only peripheral analgesic effect.

scholarly journals A study to evaluate the analgesic activity of Origanum vulgare in mice using hot plate method

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 1563
Author(s):  
Siddhi Raveendran ◽  
A. V. Tilak ◽  
Shraddha Yadav ◽  
Sayan Das ◽  
Vishwadeep Madrewar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Analgesic Activity ◽  
International Association ◽  
In Vivo Model ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Origanum Vulgare ◽  
Hot Plate ◽  
Plate Method

Background: The International Association for Study of pain, has defined pain as actual or potential tissue damage or described in terms of such damage. But the burden of unwanted side effects with current regimens are high. To explore the potential of Ayurveda drugs, this study is done by using Origanum vulgare.Methods: In vivo model used-Hot plate method. Origanum vulgare (84 mg/kg p.o) was administered in mice. The analgesic activity was studied by recording the reaction time after administration of the drug at frequent intervals up to 3 hrs. The results were analysed by ANOVA and Tukey’s test. P value <0.05 was considered as significant. Pentazocine showed statistically prolongation in the reaction time after 30 min as compared to Origanum vulgare.Results: In hot plate method, pentazocine showed statistically significant increase in the reaction time after 30 min of administration as compared to control group. However, Origanum vulgare in a dose of 84 mg/kg showed significantly increase in the reaction time after 30 min of administration as compared to control group. On comparing pentazocine and Origanum vulgare, pentazocine showed highly significant increase in the reaction time after 30 min as compared to Origanum vulgare at 84 mg/kg dose.Conclusions: From the present study, it was concluded that extract of Origanum vulgare exerted analgesic activity in both the models. However, it was less potent than pentazocine. Thus, Origanum vulgare can be used in mild to moderate painful conditions.

scholarly journals Evaluation of opioid sparing effect of dexmedetomidine and pregabalin using acute pain model in male wistar rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 1911
Author(s):  
Sudar Codi R. ◽  
Sumina . ◽  
Uma N. ◽  
Manimekalai K.
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Pain Management ◽  
Heated Surface ◽  
Opioid Consumption ◽  
Tail Flick ◽  
Hot Plate ◽  
Plate Method ◽  
Opioid Sparing ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Sparing Effect

Background: Adjuvant analgesics are added to pain management regimen to reduce opioid consumption and minimise their side effect. Newer ones like dexmedetomidine and pregabalin have not been thoroughly researched. Objectives of the study to study the opioid sparing effect of dexmedetomidine and pregabalin using tail flick and hot plate method in male wistar rats.Methods: Forty two rats were grouped into seven groups with six in each group. Analgesic activity was tested using tail flick, where in the reaction time to flick its tail on a heated surface was noted. In the hot plate method, the reaction time to withdraw or lick the paws when placed on heated surface was noted.Results: The reaction time to flick its tail was prolonged with dexmedetomidine and pregabalin when combined with opioids even in sub therapeutic doses.Conclusion: Adjuncts like dexmedetomidine and pregabalin can be very useful  in mutimodal pain management and also to reduce the opioid consumption.

scholarly journals UJI EFEK ANALGESIK EKSTRAK KULIT MANGGIS (GARCINIA MANGOSTANA L.) PADA MENCIT SWISS (MUSS MUSCULUS)

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ripka Margaretha Ponggele
Keyword(s):  
Control Group ◽  
Test Substance ◽  
Reference Solution ◽  
Garcinia Mangostana ◽  
Hot Plate ◽  
Plate Method ◽  
Analgesic Effects ◽  
Mangosteen Peel ◽  
Pain Stimuli ◽  
Peel Extract

Background:Indonesia is the country with the second largest plants after Brazil. One of the plants that grow in Indonesia is the mangosteen plant is utilized as a medicine by the people of Indonesia but also by people in some other countries. Mangosteen skin is most often used to treat diseases such as fever, diarrhea, hypertension, antioksidant, antibiotics, anti-inflammatory, and many other diseases. This study aims to prove the presence or absence laboratorik analgesic effects of mangosteen peel extract in mice.Methods:This study uses a sample of nine experimental Swiss mice. The sample was divided into 3 groups, namely the positive control group given the drug tramadol, negative control group given distilled water control and experimental groups were given mangosteen peel extract, each group consisted of three mice. Testing is done by providing analgesic effects of pain stimuli using thermal stimuli (hot plate method) with a temperature of 550C. Given pain stimuli will cause the mice were protecting themselves by jumping response or lick the feet and tail. Testing efekan algesik done before giving the test substance and the reference solution, then at minute 30,60,90 and 120 minutes after administration of the test substance and the reference solution. Tests carried out for 1 minute.Results:mangosteen peel extract has analgesic effects are starting to look at minute 30 to minute 120 with the maximum effect seen at minute 90.Conclusion:mangosteen peel extract (Garcinia mangostana, L) has analgesic effect in swiss mice (Mus musculus)Keywords: Test the effects of analgesics, the mangosteen peel extract, mangosteen skinAbstrakIndonesia merupakan negara yang mempunyai tumbuh-tumbuhan terbesar kedua setelah Brasil. Salah satu tumbuhan yang tumbuh di Indonesia adalah tanaman manggis yang sudah dimanfaatkan sebagai obat oleh penduduk Indonesia bahkan oleh penduduk di beberapa negara lain. Kulit manggis yang paling sering digunakan untuk mengobati penyakit seperti demam, diare, hipertensi, antioksidant, antibiotik, antiinflamasi, dan masih banyak penyakit lainnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuktikan secara laboratorik ada tidaknya efek analgesik dari ekstrak kulit manggis pada mencit.Metode : Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimental dengan sampel 9 ekor mencit Swiss. Sampel di bagi dalam 3 kelompok, yaitu kelompok kontrol positif yang diberikan obat tramadol, kelompok kontrol negatif diberikan aquades dan kelompok kontrol eksperimen yang diberikan ekstrak kulit manggis, yang masing-masing kelompok terdiri dari 3 ekor mencit. Pengujian efek analgesik dilakukan dengan memberikan rangsang nyeri menggunakan metode rangsang panas (hot plate method) dengan suhu 550C. Rangsang nyeri yang diberikan akan menyebabakan mencit melakukan perlindungan diri dengan respon melompat atau menjilat kaki dan ekor. Pengujian efek analgesik dilakukan sebelum pemberian zat uji dan larutan pembanding, kemudian pada menit ke 30,60,90 dan menit ke 120 setelah pemberian zat uji dan larutan pembanding. Pengujian dilakukan selama 1 menit.Hasil : Ekstrak kulit manggis mempunyai efek analgesik yang mulai terlihat pada menit ke 30 sampai menit ke 120 dengan efek maksimalnya terlihat pada menit ke 90.Kesimpulan : Ekstrak kulit manggis (Garcinia mangostana, L) memiliki efek analgesik pada mencit swiss (Mus musculus).Kata Kunci : Uji efek analgesik, ekstrak kulit manggis, kulit manggis.

scholarly journals Screening of novel 2-4 methylphenylimino-3-carboxamide substituted thiophene compound for central analgesic activity

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 238
Author(s):  
Nishitha Ganugapeta ◽  
Sai Sravan Kumar Reddythala
Keyword(s):  
Analgesic Activity ◽  
Early Phase ◽  
Pain Perception ◽  
Opioid Analgesics ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Hot Plate ◽  
Plate Method ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Treatment Regimens ◽  
Maximum Pain

Background: Pain is an unpleasant sensation that can range from mild, localized discomfort to agony. The mechanism of pain perception involves dedicated subsets of peripheral and central neurons. For management of pain, currently, available treatment regimens are opioid analgesics and NSAIDs which are easily available over the counter drugs. Long term use of analgesics can lead to significant impact on human renal system, cardiovascular system and analgesic abuse etc. So, there is a need for novel, safe and cost-effective analgesic compound. Hence a study on 2-4 methylphenylimino-3-carboxamide substituted thiophene compound, a novel thiophene compound has been carried out in different experimental animal models.Methods: Two methods were used to evaluate the central analgesic activity of 2-4 methylphenylimino-3-carboxamide substituted thiophene compound. First method was Eddy’s hot plate method and compared to standard central analgesic, morphine. Second method was early phase of formalin induced paw licking in mice and compared to a standard drug, aspirin.Results: With eddy’s hot plate method, 40mg/kg dose of 2-4 methylphenylimino-3-carboxamide substituted thiophene compound has shown maximum pain inhibition percentage (PIP) of 45% at 60 min compared to 125% by morphine. Whereas with early phase of formalin test, 40 mg/kg dose of 2-4 methylphenylimino-3-carboxamide substituted thiophene compound has shown maximum PIP of 44% in early phase compared to 60% by aspirin. The results were statistically significant with p<0.05.Conclusions: It can be concluded that 2-4 methylphenylimino-3-carboxamide substituted thiophene compound found to have minimal central analgesic activity as evident in eddy’s hot plate and early phase of formalin tests.

scholarly journals Antipyretic Activity of AOF Herbal Formulation in Brewer’s Yeast-Induced Pyrexia in Rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 148-152
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Test Drug ◽  
Brewer’S Yeast ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Antipyretic Effect ◽  
Brewer's Yeast ◽  
Antipyretic Activity ◽  
Herbal Formulation

The aim of the present study was to investigate the antipyretic activity of AOF herbal formulation by Brewer’s yeast-induced pyrexia in Wistar rats. AOF herbal formulation consists of 13 medicinal plant parts and some of which are reputed for antipyretic effect. The acute oral toxicity was carried out in albino mice according to OECD 423-guidelines. It revealed that there is no toxic sign up to the dose level of 2000 mg/kg body weight. Adult albino rats of either sex (200-250 gm) were divided into five groups containing six in each group for antipyretic study. Before yeast injection, the basal rectal temperature of rats were recorded and after that, the rats were given subcutaneous injection of 10 ml/kg of 15% yeast solution. Rectal temperature of each rat was measured again 19 hours after yeast injection. After confirming that those rats were induced pyrexia, the test drugs and standard drug were administered orally into different groups. Three doses of test drug (1, 1.5 and 2 gm/kg body weight) were used. Paracetamol (150 mg/kg) was administered to standard group. Rectal temperatures were measured at 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 hours after test drug administration. This herbal formulation (2 g/kg body weight) showed significant reduction of yeast-induced pyrexia in rats at 1 hr, 2 hr, 3 hr and 4 hr after administration of test drug (p<0.001) when compared to the control group. The present results show that AOF herbal formulation possesses a significant antipyretic effect in Brewer’s yeast-induced pyrexia in rats.

scholarly journals The Effect of Static Balance Exercises on Reaction Time in Sedentary Female Students

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 166
Author(s):  
Hakan Acar ◽  
Ayça Genç
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Physical Education ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Static Balance ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Balance Exercises ◽  
Post Test

The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of 8 week static balance exercises on reaction time. 38 sedentary female students voluntarily participated in the study. The volunteers were selected randomly and were separated into 2 groups as the experiment group (n=19) and the control group (n=19). While the experiment group participated in static balance exercises in their physical education lessons for 8 weeks, the control group only participated in the physical education lessons. The visual and auditory reaction times of the samples were carried out with the Newtest 1000 device as pre-test and post-test. The data were evaluated with the SPSS 20.0 statistical software program and since there was no normal distribution, the wilcoxon signed rank test which is one of the non-parametrical tests was carried out and the significance level was determined as p<0.05. The age average of the volunteers (n=38), was determined as 15.8±1,50 years, height averages as 160,3±5,48 cm and body weight averages as 53,33±7,50 kg. As a result of the statistical analysis, it was found that there was no significant differences in either of the groups between the pre-rest and post-test visual and auditory reactions (p>0.05). As a result, it was determined that 8 week balance tests did not affect the visual and auditory reaction times of the female students.

scholarly journals Evaluation of neuro-protective activity of Brihatvata Chinthamani Rasa

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 207-211
Author(s):  
Vikram Goshan ◽  
◽  
Ravi Mundugaru ◽  
Narayana Prakash ◽  
Sudhakar Bhat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Drug Administration ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Test Drug ◽  
Anti Oxidant ◽  
Common Carotid Arteries

The objective of the study was to screen the neuroprotective role of Brihatvata Chinthamani Rasa, a compound mineral formulation extensively used in stroke condition in the Indian system of medicine. The selected animals were grouped into four different categories and administered with group specific drugs for seven consecutive days. On seventh day an hour after drug administration all the rats were anesthetised. A midline incision was made and soft tissues were pulled apart and both bilateral common carotid arteries were exposed. The cerebral ischemia were induced by simultaneous occlusion of both common carotid artery for 30min, followed by acute ischemic reperfusion injury was produced by untying the temporary ligature and releasing the thread. At the end of the experiment, under anaesthesia animals were sacrificed and brain has been removed. Anti oxidant and histopathological investigation were carried out of brain tissue. Control group rats have shown increased lipid peroxidation and decreased levels of catalase and glutathione peroxidase activity, while the test drug administration significantly elevated catalase and considerable decrease in the lipid peroxidation in comparison to control group. Histopathological examination revealed there is a decreased cellularity and predominance of immature neurons in the granular layer was observed in hypothalamus in control rats while the test drug has shown normal cytoarchitecture. In conclusion the test drug possesses storing anti oxidant and retained normal cellular integrity of different brain regions.

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