scholarly journals Multidrug Resistance of Uropathogens at Governmental Hospitals in the Gaza Strip/Palestine

10.3823/855 ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sameh A. Alkhodari ◽  
Abdelraouf A. Elmanama
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Multidrug Resistance ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Gaza Strip ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
E Coli ◽  
The Gaza Strip ◽  
Klebsiella Spp

Urinary tract infection is a public health problem worldwide. E. coli and klebsiella are among the main etiologic for UTI in Gaza Strip. The growing variations in resistance among uropathogens to antimicrobials is multifactorial and varies globally. It greatly reduces/limits or complicate treatment option. Aims: To determine the pattern of antimicrobial resistance and multidrug resistance among uropathogens at governmental hospitals. Methods: We analyzed the data of 11,890 urine samples processed in governmental hospitals in the Gaza Strip, Palestine during 2019. The percentage of resistance was calculated for uropathogens, and then multidrug resistance was calculated according to “CDC” definition. Results: Of 11,890 urine samples, 2910 (24.5%) showed significant growth.  Escherichia coli was isolated most frequently (1743; 59.9%), followed by Klebsiella spp. (725; 24.9%), Pseudomonas spp. (123; 4.2%), Streptococcus spp. (98; 3.4%), Staphylococcus aureus (41; 1.4%). Microorganisms resistance was high against Ampicillin (92.4%) and Amoxicillin (91.1%), Co-Trimoxazole (68.2%), Cefalexin (64.9%), Doxycycline (61.9%), Nalidixic acid (53.6%), Cefuroxime (53.0%), Ceftriaxone (48.9%), Ceftazidime (43.1%), Ciprofloxacin (36.9%), Gentamicin (25.8%), Amikacin (3.2%). The resistance of microorganisms in males is higher than females. Multidrug resistance was detected in 37% of E. coli and 53% in Klebsiella spp. Conclusion: Resistance is high and variable among uropathogens isolated from patients in Gaza strip. Both age and gender are risk factors in both infection and resistance pattern. The multidrug resistance percentage is growing remarkably in Gaza Strip. Keywords: Uropathogens, Resistance, Urinary tract infection, Multidrug resistance, Gaza strip, Palestine  

scholarly journals Antibiotic Resistance Pattern of Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase Producing Escherichia coli Isolated From Patients With Urinary Tract Infection in Morocco

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Kettani Halabi ◽  
Fatima Azzahra Lahlou ◽  
Idrissa Diawara ◽  
Younes El Adouzi ◽  
Rabiaa Marnaoui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Pattern ◽  
Extended Spectrum

Extended-spectrum β-lactamases producing Escherichia coli (ESBL-EC) lend resistance to most β-lactam antibiotics. Because of limited treatment options, ESBL-EC infections are generally more difficult to treat, leading to higher hospital costs, reduced rates of microbiological and clinical responses, and a threat to the patient’s life. This study aimed to determine the antibiotic resistance pattern of ESBL-EC isolated from patients with urinary tract infection in Morocco. This retrospective laboratory-based study was conducted at Cheikh Khalifa International University Hospital, Casablanca, from January 2016 to June 2019. A total of 670 urine samples were collected from urinary tract infection patients and processed by standard microbiological methods. In vitro susceptibility testing to different antibiotics of all identified isolates of Escherichia coli (E. coli) was performed following Kirby–Bauer’s disc diffusion method on Mueller–Hinton Agar according to the EUCAST standards. The reviewing of ESBL-EC was confirmed by the appearance of a characteristically shaped zone referred to as a “champagne cork” using the Combined Disk Test. Among a total of 438 E. coli isolated from nonrepetitive urine samples, two hundred fifty-nine (59%) were ESBL-EC, of which 200 (77%) were isolated from adult patients (over the age of 50) and the majority were female. All ESBL-EC isolates were resistant to third-generation cephalosporin and quinolones and sensitive to carbapenem and fosfomycin. Knowledge of antimicrobial resistance patterns in ESBL-EC, the major pathogen associated with urinary tract infection, is indispensable as a guide in choosing empirical antimicrobial treatment.

scholarly journals Antibiotic sensitivity pattern of bacterial isolates from urine samples of admitted patients with urinary tract infection in a tertiary care teaching hospital of Tripura, India: a hospital record based study

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 585
Author(s):  
Uttam K. Das ◽  
Prithul Bhattacharjee ◽  
Shubhaleena Debnath ◽  
Maitrayee Chakraborty ◽  
Ranjib Ghosh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Hospital Record ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern

Background: Urinary tract infection (UTI) being one of the most common and a serious health problem both in the community and hospital settings each year worldwide, the emergence of antibiotic resistance in the management of UTI is a serious public health issue. The present study will analyse the antimicrobial sensitivity pattern of pathogens isolated from the urine samples of admitted patients suffering from UTI in Tripura Medical College and Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Memorial Teaching Hospital (TMC).Methods: This was a hospital record-based study. The urine samples of clinically diagnosed UTI patients admitted in various departments of the hospital during the study period were included. The reports of culture and sensitivity testing of the samples were collected. The results were interpreted according to the guidelines of the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI).Results: During the 12-month study period, a total of 752 urine samples were analysed. Enterococcus (43.75%) was the most frequently isolated bacteria, followed by E. coli (28.45%) and Klebsiella (14.89%). Enterococcus was highly sensitive (p<0.001) to vancomycin (95.33%), E. coli was mostly sensitive to nitrofurantoin (83.65%) and Klebsiella mainly sensitive to imipenem (75.49%).Conclusions: The study showed that positive urine culture with the antibiotic sensitivity of the isolates is very important for antimicrobial therapy, as antibiotic resistance is a worldwide problem which causes ineffectiveness of treatment.

scholarly journals Prevalence and comparative likelihood of urinary tract infection (UTI) among female out patients in BSMMU

2013 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-239
Author(s):  
Hamida Khanum ◽  
Fahmida Munir ◽  
AZM Shafiullah ◽  
Farhana Muznebin
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Relative Risk ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Middle Age ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
E Coli

Out of 200 urine samples of female out patients from BSMMU hospital, 128 (64%) cases were detected as Escherichia coli positive, 66.67% of cases in summer and 60% in winter. To compare the risks of E. coli infection in summer and winter and also among different age groups, odd ratio (OR) and relative risk (RR) were used as measures of comparative likelihood. The values of both OR and RR were greater than one when the risk of E. coli infection of adults (16-35) was compared with that of middle age (36-50) and old age (51-70) groups. The adults were always at higher risk of UTI by E. coli, and the livelihood of infection was not equal in summer and winter. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjz.v40i2.14317 Bangladesh J. Zool. 40(2): 231-239, 2012

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Bacteria Isolated from Urine Samples Obtained from Nursing Home Residents

2009 ◽  
Vol 30 (11) ◽  
pp. 1116-1119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rituparna Das ◽  
Eleanor Perrelli ◽  
Virginia Towle ◽  
Peter H. Van Ness ◽  
Manisha Juthani-Mehta
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Nursing Home ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Nursing Home Residents ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Oral Antibiotics ◽  
Indwelling Catheter ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Resistance Patterns

In our study of nursing home residents with clinically suspected urinary tract infection who did not require the use of an indwelling catheter, we identified bacteria isolated from urine samples, the resistance patterns of these isolated bacteria, and the antibiotic therapy prescribed to the residents. Escherichia coli, the predominant organism isolated, frequently was resistant to commonly prescribed oral antibiotics. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole remains the best empiric antimicrobial therapy for a urinary tract infection, but nitrofurantoin should be considered if E. coli is identified.

scholarly journals A clinical study of uropathogens causing urinary tract infection in children and adolescents in a tertiary care hospital

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 1549
Author(s):  
R. Abisha Rezia ◽  
R. Vijendra ◽  
Anjana Gopi
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
E Coli ◽  
The Common

Background: Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) is one of the common infections in children. Incidence varies with age, race and gender. UTIs have become difficult to treat due to development of resistance among uropathogens. Regional data regarding the common uropathogens and their antimicrobial susceptibility pattern is required to guide the clinicians to start empirical therapy while treating UTIs.Aims: This study is aimed to study the profile of uropathogens causing UTI in children and adolescents, assess their antimicrobial susceptibility, the clinical course and outcome.Methods: All subjects with suspected UTI whose urine samples grew a positive culture of uropathogens were included in this prospective observational study. The study was done in the Department of Microbiology from July 2019 to December 2019. The urine samples were processed by standard methods (using 5% sheep blood agar and MacConkey agar) and antimicrobial susceptibility was performed using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. The details of the pathogens grown, and their antimicrobial sensitivity and resistance patterns were recorded, and the subjects were followed up during their course in the hospital.Results: A total of 109 urine samples from paediatric and adolescent subjects showed positive cultures (97.32%). UTI was common among toddlers (46.7%). E. coli contributed to 40.3% of the cases, followed by Enterococcus and Klebsiella pneumonaie. E. coli was resistant to amoxicillin + clavulanic acid, cephalosporins and ciprofloxacin. The organisms were sensitive to meropenem, amikacin and piperacillin + tazobactam.Conclusion: Incidence of UTI and the uropathogens causing UTI varies with age. Different uropathogens and their resistance to commonly used antimicrobials is a concern for future treatment options in UTI.

scholarly journals Faecal Escherichia coli from patients with E. coli urinary tract infection and healthy controls who have never had a urinary tract infection

2014 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 582-589 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen L. Nielsen ◽  
Pia Dynesen ◽  
Preben Larsen ◽  
Niels Frimodt-Møller
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Multidrug Resistance ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Faecal Flora ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Tract Infections

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are primarily caused by Escherichia coli with the patient’s own faecal flora acting as a reservoir for the infecting E. coli. Here we sought to characterize the E. coli faecal flora of UTI patients and healthy controls who had never had a UTI. Up to 20 E. coli colonies from each rectal swab were random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) typed for clonality, dominance in the sample and correlation to the infecting UTI isolate in patients. Each distinct clone was phylotyped and tested for antimicrobial susceptibility. Eighty-seven per cent of the UTI patients carried the infecting strain in their faecal flora, and faecal clones causing UTI were more often dominant in the faecal flora. Patients had a larger diversity of E. coli in their gut flora by carrying more unique E. coli clones compared to controls, and patient faecal clones were more often associated with multidrug resistance compared to controls. We found a similar phylotype distribution of faecal clones from UTI patients and healthy controls, including a large proportion of B2 isolates in the control group. Faecal-UTI isolates from patients were more often associated with multidrug resistance compared to faecal-only clones, indicating a link between UTI virulence and antimicrobial resistance. Intake of any antibiotic less than 6 months prior to inclusion in the experiment occurred significantly more in patients with UTI than in controls. In contrast, presence of an intrauterine device was significantly more common in controls indicating a protective effect against UTI. In conclusion, healthy controls have a large proportion of potentially pathogenic E. coli phylotypes in their faecal flora without this causing infection.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Multidrug Resistant Escherichia Coli In Suspected Cases of Urinary Tract Infection Among Patients Attending Ahmadu Bello University Medical Center, Zaria

2020 ◽  
pp. 123-130
Author(s):  
Shitu S. ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
E Coli ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Antibacterial Susceptibility

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are a major health problem, the second most prevalent human bacterial infection after respiratory tract infection. Patient with urinary tract infection is a potential source of multi drug resistant (MDR) Escherichia coli (E. coli) with the potentials to spread antimicrobial resistant genes to other bacteria in the environment and other human populations. The aim of the study was to isolate and determine the prevalence of MDR Escherichia coli from patients suspected with urinary tract infection attending Ahmadu Bello University Medical Center, Zaria. A total of 95 urine samples were collected and processed according to standard microbiological methods for the isolation and identification of E. coli. Antibacterial susceptibility pattern of the isolates was determined using Kirby-Bauer’s disk diffusion technique as well as MAR indices. Out of the 95 urine samples collected 32 were from males and 63 were from females, whose ages were between 5 and 74 years. The results revealed that 35 (36.8%) out of the 95 samples collected were positive for E. coli with high prevalence among the female patients 23(24.2%) compared to the male patients 12(12.4%). High prevalence of E. coli was also reported among the patients within the age ranges of 15-24 and 25-34 years. The Escherichia coli isolates demonstrated high resistance to sparfloxacin (91.4%), followed by cotrimoxazole and amoxicillin (82.9%). Additionally, 30 (85.7%) of the isolates exhibited multi drug resistance and 94.3% (n = 33/35) had a MAR index above 0.2. The study demonstrated that some of the E. coli isolates in the study are from high-risk contaminated sources where there may be high frequency of antibiotic usage. Therefore, the study indicated the need for Physicians to prescribed antibiotics to patients following standard antibacterial susceptibility testing. Keywords: Prevalence, Escherichia coli, Multi drug resistant, Urinary tract infection

scholarly journals Bacterial association in urinary tract infection and their drug resistance among patients in Rajshahi, Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 2144
Author(s):  
Noor E. Farjana ◽  
Md A. Islam ◽  
Tamanna Zerin ◽  
Mosammat A. Begum
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Nalidixic Acid ◽  
Microbial Identification ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Pseudomonas Spp ◽  
Enterococcus Spp ◽  
Klebsiella Spp

Background: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a very common infection worldwide and drug resistance makes the treatment more difficult which may lead to complications along with extended hospital stay. Therefore, this study was designed to find out the prevalence of UTI, and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of isolates collected from patients of UTI.Methods: This study was conducted among 1,760 suspected UTI patients from January 2019 to November 2020. Urine samples from mid-stream were transferred to microbiology laboratory following microbiological standard protocol. Microbial identification was performed by microscopy, colony morphology, and biochemical characteristics. Antibiogram was pursued following the standard Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method.Results: Our study showed almost 30% of samples were positive and E. coli was found as the highest predominating organism (50.09%) followed by Klebsiella spp., Pseudomonas spp., Enterococcus spp., and Citrobacter spp. The percentage of infection in females was 65.28% which is higher than males. The highest prevalence of UTI has been observed in females aged 21-30 years and males aged 31-40 years. However, E. coli and Pseudomonas spp. showed the highest resistance against Amoxiclav whereas, Klebsiella spp. showed it against co-trimoxazole. Citrobacter spp. showed 100% resistance towards Amikacin, cefixime, nalidixic acid, co-trimoxazole, amoxiclav, ceftazidime, and Enterococcus spp. showed against nalidixic acid and amoxiclav. Moreover, 95.8% isolates collected were resistant towards 3 or more than 3 antibiotics which is very alarming.Conclusions: Changing trend in antibiotic sensitivity profile of the isolates needs to be monitored as there is limited availability of newer drugs.

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