scholarly journals Anti-fungal activity of Carica papaya leaf extract against candida albicans and its synergy with fluconazole: an in-vitro study

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 101
Author(s):  
Nilofer Noorie M. ◽  
Chenthamarai G.
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Carica Papaya ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Synergistic Activity ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Disc Diffusion Assay ◽  
Diffusion Assay

Background: In this study objectives were to evaluate the antifungal activity in increasing concentrations of ethanolic extract and aqueous extract of Carica papaya against Candida albicans and to assess the synergistic activity of ethanolic extract of Caricia papaya with flucanazole as a potential antifungal.Methods: The aim of the study was to evaluate the antifungal activity in increasing concentrations, 500 µl/ml, 750 µl/ml and 1000 µl/ml of ethanolic extract and aqueous extract of caricia papaya against Candida albicans and the synergistic activity with Fluconazole was assessed by observing the zone of inhibition in agar disc diffusion assay and by observing the turbidity in minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assay.Results: It was observed that ethanolic extract of Carica papaya leaf showed significant antifungal activity in higher concentration of 1000µg/ml with zone diameter of 11.97±0.15 mm in disc diffusion assay and MIC of 350 µg/ml. The ethanolic extract of Carica papaya leaf with fluconazole showed synergistic activity with zone diameter of 13.6±0.45 mm in disc diffusion assay and MIC was 125µg/ml, whereas the standard drug Fluconazole’s zone of inhibiton was 12.83±0.9 in disc diffusion and MIC was 500 µg/ml.Conclusions: From this study, we can safely conclude that the Carica papaya leaf extract has a significant antifungal property and exhibit synergistic effect when used with fluconazole.

scholarly journals Antimitotic activity of Piper nigrum on clinical isolates of candida

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 1167-1171
Author(s):  
Gayathri Karthikeyan ◽  
Geetha RV ◽  
Lakshmi Thangavelu
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Piper Nigrum ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Antimitotic Activity ◽  
Diffusion Technique

The objective of this study is to analyse the antimycotic activity of pepper on the clinical isolates of Candida. The extracts were prepared in the following concentrations in sterile water. 5mg/ml and 10mg/ml and 20mg/ml. 100µl of an extract of different concentrations were loaded on sterile filter paper discs measuring 6mm in diameter, so that the concentration of the extract on each disc was 500µg, 1000 µg and 2000µg respectively. The discs were dried and kept aseptically. Screening of antifungal activity [dis diffusion technique] The ethanolic extract of Piper nigrum was screened for antifungal activity by the disc diffusion method. Effect of three different concentrations (2000, 1000, 500,µg /disc) of the ethanolic extract Of Piper nigrum was tested against Candida albicans using disc diffusion technique. All the concentrations of the test solution inhibited the fungal species with varying degree of sensitivity. The inhibitory zone was measured with respect to the different concentration of the extracts which include 2000 µg/disc and 500 µg/disc at both room temperature and cold temperature (4-8°c). The inhibition zones were evaluated at 24 and 48 hrs. The result of this study revealed that the pepper oil has pronounced inhibitory activities against Candida albicans. This result is comparable with studies which have shown that Piper nigrum has a broad antibacterial activity. Since Piper nigrum is easily available and well-tolerated, it can be incorporated into medication for topical antifungal therapy as well.

scholarly journals Antifungal effects of 3-(4-Phenyl-thiazol-2-yl)-2-thioxo-2, 3-dihydro-1H-quinazolin-4-one against Aspergillus Species

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Desh D. Singh ◽  
V. K. Tiwari ◽  
Rambir Singh ◽  
G L Sharam ◽  
Rajesh Dabur
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Protein Profile ◽  
Antifungal Drugs ◽  
Secretory Proteins ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Disc Diffusion Assay ◽  
Dilution Assay ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Diffusion Assay ◽  
Microbroth Dilution

AbstractAspergillus infections have become an important health problem with the increasing number of patients. Available antifungal drugs are lack with their spectrum, toxic or immunosuppressive in nature, so that need to develop new compound with high efficacy. To evaluate antifungal efficacy of synthesized compound and to identify the protein profile of Aspergillus fumigatus treated with antifungal. Clinical isolates of A. fumigatus, A. flavus and A. niger were cultured and efficacy of compound were conducted by Disc Diffusion Assay (DDA), Microbroth Dilution Assay (MDA). Percent of spore germination inhibition assay (PSGI), Time kill analysis and toxicity assay. The culture filtrate containing secretory proteins was collected after 24 h growth and expression of downregulated proteins were identified. We developed a new and useful quinazoline derivatives expected to antifungal activity. The result of anti-Aspergillus evolution revealed that one of the 3-(4-Phenyl-thiazol-2-yl)-2-thioxo-2, 3-dihydro-1H-quinazolin-4-one (DDVKT4Q) exhibited appreciable activity. The potency of compound was found concentration of 3.125 µg/disc by disc diffusion assay (DDA) and 15.625 µg/ml. by Microbroth Dilution Assay (MDA). The compound was nontoxic up to concentration 625 µg/ml and its lysed only 35.9% of human erythrocytes, at the highest dose tested. It’s observed that the treatment of pathogen with DDVKT-4Q targeted the expression of four proteins having molecular weights 18 kDa 37 KDa and 43 KDa proteins was completely inhibited or down regulated by the compound the extra cellular. The novel compound DDVKT-4Q, having antifungal activity Can be exploited further to develop new ideal antimycotic drugs.

scholarly journals Biodirected Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Aqueous Honey Solutions and Evaluation of Their Antifungal Activity against Pathogenic Candida Spp.

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (14) ◽  
pp. 7715
Author(s):  
Grzegorz Czernel ◽  
Dominika Bloch ◽  
Arkadiusz Matwijczuk ◽  
Jolanta Cieśla ◽  
Monika Kędzierska-Matysek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Candida Spp ◽  
Antifungal Effect ◽  
Synthesis Of Nanoparticles ◽  
Honey Solution ◽  
Diffusion Assay

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized using aqueous honey solutions with a concentration of 2%, 10%, and 20%—AgNPs-H2, AgNPs-H10, and AgNPs-H20. The reaction was conducted at 35 °C and 70 °C. Additionally, nanoparticles obtained with the citrate method (AgNPs-C), while amphotericin B (AmB) and fluconazole were used as controls. The presence and physicochemical properties of AgNPs was affirmed by analyzing the sample with ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) and fluorescence spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and dynamic light scattering (DLS). The 20% honey solution caused an inhibition of the synthesis of nanoparticles at 35 °C. The antifungal activity of the AgNPs was evaluated using opportunistic human fungal pathogens Candida albicans and Candida parapsilosis. The antifungal effect was determined by the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and disc diffusion assay. The highest activity in the MIC tests was observed in the AgNPs-H2 variant. AgNPs-H10 and AgNPs-H20 showed no activity or even stimulated fungal growth. The results of the Kirby–Bauer disc diffusion susceptibility test for C. parapsilosis strains indicated stronger antifungal activity of AgNPs-H than fluconazole. The study demonstrated that the antifungal activity of AgNPs is closely related to the concentration of honey used for the synthesis thereof.

scholarly journals Enaminone-Derived Pyrazoles with Antimicrobial Activity

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Mashooq Ahmad Bhat ◽  
Mohamed A. Al-Omar ◽  
Ahmed M. Naglah ◽  
Abdul Arif Khan
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Significant Activity ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Initial Screening ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Disc Diffusion Assay ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Diffusion Assay

A series of pyrazoles derived from the substituted enaminones were synthesized and were evaluated for antimicrobial activity. All the compounds were characterized by the spectral data and elemental analysis. The synthesized compounds were initially screened for their antimicrobial activity against ATCC 6538, NCTC 10400, NCTC 10418, and ATCC 27853. During initial screening, compounds (P1, P6, and P11) presented significant antimicrobial activity through disc diffusion assay. These compounds were further evaluated for antimicrobial activity at different time points against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and presented significant activity for 6 hours. The activity was found to be greater against Gram-positive bacteria. In contrast at 24 hours, the activity was found only against Gram-positive bacteria except compound (P11), showing activity against both types of bacteria. Compound (P11) was found to have highest activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.

scholarly journals QUALITATIVE PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY OF CARICA PAPAYA LEAF EXTRACT AGAINST HUMAN AND PLANT PATHOGENIC FUNGI

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (7) ◽  
pp. 83-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sikandar Khan Sherwani ◽  
Tasveer Zahra Bokhari ◽  
Kanwal Nazim ◽  
Syed Aneel Gilani ◽  
Shahana Urooj Kazmi
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Carica Papaya ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Plant Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Phytochemical Screening

Comparison of disc diffusion assay with the CLSI reference method (M27-A2) for testing in vitro posaconazole activity against common and uncommon yeasts

2007 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Canton ◽  
J. Peman ◽  
A. Espinel-Ingroff ◽  
E. Martin-Mazuelos ◽  
A. Carrillo-Munoz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reference Method ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Disc Diffusion Assay ◽  
Diffusion Assay

scholarly journals Discrimination between Mycoplasma and Acholeplasma species of bovine origin using digitonin disc diffusion assay, nisin disc diffusion assay, and conventional polymerase chain reaction

2011 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sukolrat Boonyayatra ◽  
Lawrence K. Fox ◽  
John M. Gay ◽  
Ashish Sawant ◽  
Thomas E. Besser
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Conventional Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Disc Diffusion Assay ◽  
Field Isolates ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Diffusion Assay

Microbiological culture of milk samples has been used as a standard diagnosis for Mycoplasma mastitis. This technique is effective in isolating mollicutes that are Mycoplasma-like; however, isolates may be misinterpreted as Acholeplasma species, which are indistinguishable from Mycoplasma species by culture. A study to contrast the abilities of 2 culture-based tests, digitonin and nisin disc diffusion assays and a conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique, to discriminate between Mycoplasma and Acholeplasma was performed using 16S ribosomal RNA gene partial sequencing as the gold standard of comparison. A total of 288 bovine mollicute field isolates (248 from milk and 40 from other organ sites) and 13 reference strains were tested. Results obtained from the digitonin disc diffusion assay when it was performed with all field isolates were 92.7% and 99.0% in agreement with the gold standard using 5 mm and 3 mm of zone of growth inhibition as thresholds, respectively. Considering only milk isolates, agreements between the digitonin disc diffusion assay with the gold standard were 97.2% and 100% using 5 mm and 3 mm of zone of growth inhibition as thresholds, respectively. Culture identification using the nisin disc diffusion assay and the PCR was in a 100% agreement with the gold standard. Comparable results using culture-based nisin and digitonin disc diffusion assays, and PCR, to distinguish Mycoplasma and Acholeplasma species was found, especially for isolates from bovine milk.

scholarly journals An evaluation of the antifungal activity of some local medicinal plants against growth of Candida albicans in vitro

2010 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 60
Author(s):  
J.S. Al-Hussaini, and A. M. G. Al-Mohana
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Aloe Vera ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Thymus Vulgaris ◽  
Elettaria Cardamomum ◽  
Local Plants

The aim of this study was to evaluate the antifungal activity of the ethanolic extract of three local plants ( Elettaria cardamomum, Aloe vera, Thyme Vulgaris) against the growth of pathogenic Candida albicans in culture media. The antifungal activity was carried out by using agar well diffusion method. Ethanolic extracts of Elettaria cardamomum and Aloe vera inhibited the growth of Candida albicans isolates at all concentrations which tested in the present study (25, 50, 100, 150, 200, and 400) mg/ml, while the extract of Thymus vulgaris showed no activity against tested Candida albicans

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