scholarly journals Maternal outcome of primigravida patient with term pregnancy with engaged versus unengaged foetal head at onset of labour

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 3037 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aditi Goyal ◽  
Rekha Wadhwani
Keyword(s):  
P Value ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Term Pregnancy ◽  
Foetal Head ◽  
Biparietal Diameter ◽  
Child Bearing ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Pelvic Inlet ◽  
Future Child ◽  
Child Patient

Background: The primigravida are a group at risk as their capacity of child bearing has never put to the test, “primigravida is a dark and untired horse". The potential for future child bearing is determined by outcome of first labour. Hence, if first pregnancy results in normal healthy child, patient is mentally better prepared for subsequent pregnancies. Foetal head is said to be engaged when its biparietal diameter, the greatest diameter in an occiput presentation, passes through the pelvic inlet. Unengagement of head in primigravida has long been considered a possible sign of cephalopelvic disproportion.Methods: The study had 220 primigravida of which 110 had unengaged head as study group and 110 engaged head as controls. Data collection was done and the course of labour in all the patients recorded on partograph and all the patients were studied in detail. Engagement of the head was defined on the basis of Second Pawlik’s grip and Crichton’s fifth’s formula.Results: Our study shows that higher age group had more number of cases with unengaged head. The patient with engaged head had higher number of vaginal delivery than study group with unengaged head. More number of LSCS i.e. about 39.1% in study group as compared to 21% of controls is statistically significant difference (p value 0.05).Conclusions: We can conclude that primigravida with unengaged foetal head at onset of labour may deliver vaginally with minimal maternal morbidity, if proper   monitoring and maintenance of partogram is done.

scholarly journals Effect of Foetal Movement Counting on Prenatal Attachment and Maternal Worries among Primigravidas- A Longitudinal Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jignya Vinodbhai Asari ◽  
Anjali Pushkar Tiwari
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Prenatal Attachment ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Foetal Movement ◽  
And Control

Introduction: Pregnant woman experience various physical, emotional, and hormonal changes that may cause anxiety. The anxiety and worries can be decreased by sharing information about the developing child, like foetal body movement. Aim: To assess effect of Foetal Movement Counting (FMC) on prenatal attachment and maternal worries among primigravida mothers. Materials and Methods: A longitudinal study was carried out among primigravida mothers of selected Hospitals of Central Gujarat using proforma of Cranley’s maternal foetal attachment scale and Cambridge worry scale. The study was conducted from March 2019 to July 2020. Eighty participants were recruited by convenient sampling 40 in each study group and control group. The study group were provided with foetal movement chart and the participants were asked to record foetal movements for seven consecutive days, twice a day for 20 minutes. Post assessment of prenatal attachment and maternal worries was done using tools of data collection for both study and control group. Chi- square test was used to test the significance (p-value <0.05). Results: The study results revealed that in study group mean score for prenatal attachment was 79.43 at the start and improved to 101.25 (p-value <0.001) after seven days of FMC. In control group, the mean score for prenatal attachment did not show significant difference pre-test and post-test (74.20 vs 74.85, p-value=0.077). In study group, the mean Cambridge worry scale score was 36.55 which came down to 20.28 (p-value <0.001) after seven days, while in control group it was 41.38 at the beginning and 41.30 after seven days (p-value=0.998). Conclusion: Foetal Movement Counting was found to improve maternal foetal attachment and reduce maternal worries. FMC can be routinely and effectively promoted among the pregnant population to help them achieve a positive pregnancy experience and outcome.

scholarly journals Efficacy and safety of oral mifepristone for cervical priming and induction of labor in term pregnancy

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 2766 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abhilasha Gupta ◽  
Aruna Verma ◽  
Iti Madan ◽  
Monika Kashyap
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Group Versus ◽  
Perinatal Outcomes ◽  
Active Phase ◽  
Cervical Ripening ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Bishop Score ◽  
Term Pregnancy

Background: The objectives of the study was to assess the efficacy of mifepristone in priming the cervix/inducing labor over next 96 hrs in term pregnancy.Methods: In this single blind randomized controlled trial 200 women with term pregnancy beyond 39 weeks and Bishop’ score <6 were randomly allocated into two groups. Tab Mifepristone 400 mg orally was given to women in study group (n=100) and no intervention in control group (n=100). On follow up one case was lost in control group. All women were observed for change in the bishop’s score or onset of labor in next 96 hrs. If Bishop’s score was <6, the choice of induction was left on the clinician/patient.Results: Mean induction to delivery interval, duration of active phase and improved Bishop score were 79.35±53.43 hr, 2.47±1.23 hr, 6.68±1.69 for study group versus 148±65.66 hr, 3.09±1.45 hr, 5.8±2.15  for control group (p value is <0.001) respectively.  Seventy one (71%) women in study group and 39 (39.3%) women in control group delivered vaginally within 96 hrs without any need of augmentation. There were 9 (9%) caesareans in study group and 24 (24.2%) caesareans in control group but no instrumental delivery in both groups. There was no statistically difference in perinatal outcomes between two groups.Conclusions: Mifepristone is an effective drug for cervical ripening and initiation of labor when given in term pregnancy beyond 39 weeks with poor Bishop’s score (<6) and appearing to reduce need for other agent for augmentation of labor.

Impact of Whatsapp in improving learning among 9th semester MBBS students

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-30
Author(s):  
Y Satish Reddy ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Opinion Poll ◽  
Didactic Teaching ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Impact

Background: Interactive Teaching learning can be used in clinical subjects like surgery for better participation of students as one-way didactic lectures do not involve active participation of students. WhatsApp is one of the most famous messaging services which everyone use and it is easy, cheaper, and faster. Objective: the purpose of the study was to study the impact of whatsapp in improving learning in general surgery among 9th semester medical students. Methods: This study was conducted among 9th semester MBBS students in Surgery department. Students were divided into group a (study group) and group b(control group) by a simple random sampling. Gastric cancer was discussed among students of both Groups through didactic teaching. after didactic teaching, only Group A students were exposed to social media type of learning, i.e., using WhatsApp, after the session a multiple-choice questionnaire having 10 MCQs was given to both groups and an additional poll was conducted among the Study-group students to assess their perception towards Whatsapp intervention. the mean score obtained by both the groups were compared with unpaired t test. P-value <0.05 is taken as statistically significant. Results: The mean (SD) score of the Study-group was 8.58(1.18) and the mean (SD) score of the Control-group was 5.41(1.32) and statistically significant difference was found between the two groups scores with a p-value less than 0.05 opinion poll found that the intervention of whatsapp among study group was effective. Conclusion: we observed that the usage of WhatsApp in addition to the didactic teaching was found advantageous and enhanced learning in undergraduate students

scholarly journals PROPHYLACTIC USE OF MISOPROSTOL FOR THE PREVENTION OF POSTPARTUM HAEMORRHAGE AND ATONIC UTERUS IN CESARION SECTION DELIVERIES.

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 785-789
Author(s):  
NUZHAT AMIN
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Blood Loss ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Protective Measure ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Poor Countries ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Prophylactic Use

BACK GROUND: Post partum hemorrhage still remains a major cause of maternal death. Syntocinonis the first line protective measure in this regard. However this is heat sensitive and losses its efficacyafter storage for some time. On the other hand misoprostol do not losses its efficacy for long time afterstorage, is cheap, can be stored at room temperature and give the same result as syntocinon in preventingpostpartum hemorrhage and atonic uterus.OBJECTIVE: To assess the prophylactic use of misoprostol in preventing PPH and management ofatonic uterus, and compare it with conventional i/v syntocinon routinely used in hospitals for cesariondeliveries.MATERIAL AND METHODS: This is a semi experimental study, which was conducted in Mardanmedical complex Hospital Mardan, department of obstetrics and gynecology unit A, between May 2014to May 2015. 200 women have give birth to their babies by C-section were included in the study anddivided into 2 groups, a control group (100 women who received syntocinon) and a study group (100women who received rectal misoprostol). Syntocinon lOu i/v injection and misoprostol 800ug (4tablets)per rectum were given to women in control and study group respectively, immediately after delivery ofthe baby. Blood loss after delivery and frequency of atonic PPH were recorded and compared betweenthe two groups. Side effects of both drugs were also noted.RESULTS: There was no significant difference in blood loss after delivery. Control group 250ml, studygroup 300ml, P value -0.18). The frequency of atonic PPH in study and control groups was similarranging between 3% and 4%.Side effects of misoprostol ( shivering 25% , fever 15% , vomiting 12%and diarrhea 5%) were significant ( P value <0.05 ) but all were temporary and not life threatening.CONCLUSION: Misoprostol can be used for the prevention of PPH and to reduce atonic uterus afterC-section deliveries, especially in poor countries where facilities for storage of oxytocin are notavailable. Benefits of misoprostol outweigh its side effects.Key Words: prophylaxis, atonic postpartum hemorrhage, rectal, misoprostol, syntocinon,underdeveloped countries.

scholarly journals A comparative prospective randomised controlled study for mesh fixation by cyanoacrylate glue versus prolene sutures in patients undergoing Lichtenstein hernioplasty

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 83
Author(s):  
Dheer S. Kalwaniya ◽  
Satya V. Arya ◽  
Sumedha Gupta ◽  
Manigandan Kuppuswamy ◽  
Jaspreet S. Bajwa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inguinal Hernia ◽  
Mesh Fixation ◽  
Operating Time ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Cyanoacrylate Glue ◽  
Post Operative Pain ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: Inguinal hernia repair is one of the most commonly performed procedures by general surgeons. Cyanoacrylate is the generic name for a family of fast acting adhesives. The aim of the present study done in Department of General Surgery, Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi was to compare the newer emerging technique of mesh fixation.Methods: A total of sixty patients were included in the present study and were allotted in case and control group randomly by sealed envelope technique. In case (study) group, all the patients underwent mesh fixation by cyanoacrylate glue and in control group, by prolene 3-0 sutures.Results: Most frequency in age group 31-40 yrs, males:females ratio >1 and right sided inguinal hernia was more common. Bi-lateral hernia was common in elderly. Indirect: direct ratio 4.5:1. Operating time period for the patients of the case (study) group is less than control group. P value of post-operative pain in immediate post-operative period (day 1 and 2) and POD 30, 60 and 90 was not of clinical significance whereas the p-value on 6,120,150 and 180 post op day was of clinical significance. In our study, there was a case of incidental observation: a) reaction due to use of cyanoacrylate glue, b) rejection of mesh for which mesh had to be removed.Conclusions: There is no statistically significant difference between mesh fixation with cyanoacrylate glue and mesh fixation by prolene suture techniques in immediate post-operative pain. Statistically significant difference favoring mesh fixation by cyanoacrylate glue technique was seen with respect to operating time and post-operative groin pain with increasing post-operative duration.

scholarly journals FERTILITY AND ABORTION RATES FOLLOWINGHYSTEROSCOPIC RESECTION OF UTERINE SEPTA

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (07) ◽  
pp. 585-592
Author(s):  
Mostafa Abdullah ◽  
Elsayed Mahmoud
Keyword(s):  
Pregnancy Rate ◽  
Abortion Rate ◽  
Obstetric Outcomes ◽  
P Value ◽  
Term Pregnancy ◽  
Live Births ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group A ◽  
Uterine Septum ◽  
Group B

Objectives: the presented work studied the effect of uterine septum resection in patients with short and long septa on obstetric outcomes specially the abortion rates and preterm deliveries Subjects and methods: 100 hundred patients known to have uterine septum had been recruited to a private clinic in Benha city –Egypt and classified into two groups according to the length of septum, group A with short septum<2.5cmand groupB with long septum >2.5 cm, all patients subjected to hysterosopic resection of septa after counseling and signed informed consent. Results: The infertility rate was significantly lower in group b after surgery (39.47% vs 10.53%, P = .006). However, no significant difference was observed in the infertility rate between groups A and B. There were no significant differences in pregnancy rate, and preterm live births rate among the 2 groups (P >.05 for all). In Group A the change is only in the rate of term and preterm which was significant but abortion rate didnt differ, this was the group of the smalls septum <2.5cm.Significant change occurred in the rate of abortion in group b (25 before resection dropped to 10 after with p value of 0.001 a high significant difference also there were a significant change in all other items including the pregnancy rate and term pregnancy (pregnancy rate elevated from 35 cases to 40 cases with p value 0.01 also the rate of term pregnancy highly increased from25 cases before septum resection to 38 cases after resection with p value 0.007 Conclusion: large uterine septum >2.5cm resection associated with increase in fertility and decreased rates of abortions.

scholarly journals Phonological awareness in elementary school students with low versus normal vision: a comparative study

Revista CEFAC ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mayla Myrina Bianchim Monteiro ◽  
Maria Elisabete Rodrigues Freire Gasparetto
Keyword(s):  
Elementary School ◽  
Phonological Awareness ◽  
Low Vision ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Normal Vision ◽  
School Students ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Significant Difference

ABSTRACT Objective: to evaluate and compare the phonological awareness of low vision students with normal vision ones. Methods: this is a cross-sectional, descriptive and quantitative research that was performed through the application of the Oral Phonological Awareness Test, which is composed of ten subtests, with four items each. The population consisted of 30 students attending public elementary school, aged 8 to 14 years, and divided into two groups of 15 participants each: the study group and the control one. Results: the p value found was less than 1% for the Phonemic Synthesis, Rhyme, Phonemic Segmentation, Syllabic Manipulation, Phonemic Manipulation questionnaires, in addition to the two Phonemic Transposition questionnaires, thus, considering the significance level of 1%, and rejecting equality in the results of the questionnaires. Considering the significance level of 1%, and since the p-value obtained was less than 1%, a statistically significant difference was observed in the variance analysis of the sum of the points obtained in all questionnaires. Conclusion: The Study Group, which was represented by low vision students, had lower results in most of the subtests of the Oral Phonological Awareness Test, except for the Syllabic Synthesis test, in which they had similar results as those of the Control Group, represented by normal vision students.

scholarly journals Lipid profile and its relevance in carcinoma breast

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (7) ◽  
pp. 2227
Author(s):  
Hrituraj Rohariya ◽  
Pankaj Gharde ◽  
Pramita Muntode Gharde
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Carcinoma Breast ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Post Menopausal

Background: Breast cancer has emerged as a rapidly growing cancer in India and has already replaced cervical cancer. According to global cancer statistics for the year 2008, breast cancer resulted in 46 million deaths. In Asia, incidence rate of breast cancer is lower but is drastically rising. Nevertheless, while dyslipidemia [high LDL-C (low density Lipo-protein-cholesterol) and low HDL-C (high density lipo-protein-cholesterol) levels] has controversial role in this disease; the specific influence of dyslipidemia in breast cancer initiation and progression is not completely understood. So, we undertook this study.Methods: The study was conducted in the department of general surgery, at Medical College and allied Hospital, in Central rural India between year 2012 and 2014. It was a case control study with a sample size of 50 female participants attending the surgery in patient department, fitting in the inclusion criteria as cases and 50 matching controls. The Data was entered in master chart was statistically analyzed by using SYSTAT version 11 and tests were applied accordingly.Results: Age is a crucial factor in malignancy, most of the studies show malignancy presents more in elder population when compared to young ones. In most patients were between 31-50 years. The youngest patient was of 36 years and the oldest was 78 years. The mean age of the patients affected was 48.54 years which is close to the values in other studies. This study also demonstrated significantly high (p value<0.01) serum TC (total cholesterol) levels of post-menopausal study group (32%, more) as compared to post-menopausal control group. The increase in Serum TC levels was more in post-menopausal study group as compared with pre-menopausal study group. Present study had not shown a significant difference (p value >0.05) between serum levels of HDL-C levels in pre-and post-menopausal control group and study group, though post-menopausal cases had slightly lower values of HDL-C when compared with pre-menopausal controls.Conclusions: We conclude from this study that there is a definite positive correlation between carcinoma breast and fasting lipid profile. The pre-and post-menopausal cases showed significant correlation as far as Total Cholesterol and LDL. Whereas there was no significant correlation between HDL, VLDL and TG (triglycerides). Body mass index has no relation with carcinoma breast.

scholarly journals Accuracy of transverse cerebellar diameter measurement by ultrasonography in the evaluation of foetal age

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 836
Author(s):  
Ravindernath M. L. ◽  
Mahender Reddy ◽  
Nihar Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Gestational Age ◽  
Normal Pregnancy ◽  
Abdominal Circumference ◽  
P Value ◽  
Femur Length ◽  
Intrauterine Growth ◽  
Biparietal Diameter ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Obstetric Management ◽  
Better Than

Background: Assessment of accurate gestational age of fetus is very imperative for proper obstetric management of normal as well as IUGR pregnancies. The objective of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of transverse cerebellar diameter as against the conventional parameters of Biparietal diameter, head circumference, abdominal circumference and femur length in normal pregnant mothers between 15 to 40 weeks and in antenatal diagnosis of intrauterine growth retardation.Methods: Study done on 100 women attending antenatal department, 80 were normal pregnancy cases and 20 were clinically suspected IUGR cases. In each patient BPD, HC, AC, FL and TCD was measured. Correlation of TCD was done with other measured parameters as well as with estimated gestational age of fetus.Results: There was no statistically significant difference between the age and parity distributions of two groups It was seen that 18 cases were below the fifth percentile for AC and HC, 19 cases were below the fifth percentile for BPD and 16 cases were below the fifth percentile for FL. In 16 out of 20 cases the TCD values were within the normal range. Only in 4 cases the TCD values were below the 5th percentile. This difference in number of cases below the 5th percentile for BPD, HC, AC, FL and TCD was statistically significant (p-value=0.001). In 20 IUGR cases the gestational age predicted by transverse cerebellar diameter measurements closely correlated with gestational age predicted by last menstrual period.Conclusions: It was found that there is good correlation between TCD and other parameters. Also, TCD shows good correlation with gestational age. It is better than BPD in circumstances like excessive moulding and dolichocephaly. Also, TCD measurement is not fraught with problems as encountered in FL measurement.

Study of Effect of Whitening Creams on Serum Basal Cortisol level In Egyptian Females

QJM ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 114 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yara Muhammed Eid ◽  
Iman Zaky Ahmed ◽  
Merhan Samy Nasr ◽  
Hany Khairy Mansour ◽  
Mohammed Omar Awadh Baqraf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Gland ◽  
Cortisol Level ◽  
Serum Cortisol ◽  
Early Morning ◽  
Serum Cortisol Level ◽  
P Value ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Adrenocortical Insufficiency ◽  
Topical Corticosteroids ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Objective The aim of the present study is to evaluate the relationship between practice of whitening creams (Topical Corticosteroids) and serum cortisol level in a sample of healthy females at Ain- shams University Teaching hospital. Background Topical corticosteroids (TCs) are widely used as depigmenting agents alone or in combination with other fairness creams. Secondary adrenocortical insufficiency occurs due to deficiency of corticotropin (adrenocorticotropic hormone) [ACTH] in the pituitary gland. With low levels of corticotropin, cortex layer in the adrenal gland is not sufficiently stimulated to release adequate amount of cortisol. Excessive glucocorticoid therapy is the primary cause of adrenocortical insufficiency. Methods we recruited 45 subjects practice whitening creams (TCs) for three months or more; matched with a healthy control group consists of 45 participants. Early morning basal serum cortisol level (8:00 am) done by one-step competitive immunoassay using Beckman Coulter device. Cortisol ELISA Kit provided by CALBIOTECH, Inc (Co_103S). Results Early morning serum cortisol level was statistically insignificant among subjects practice whitening creams in combination with TCs vs. healthy controls (p value 0.307). However, there were 7 out of 45 participants in the study group (15.6%) had low serum cortisol level (&lt;5ug/dl) with highly statistically significant difference regarding whitening creams usage methods. In comparison and data analysis between subjects of the study group regarding practice duration, used quantity, application frequency, and method of exposure, there was high statistically significant difference between subjects with normal cortisol level vs. subjects with low cortisol level (p value &lt;0.001). There were, no significant difference found regarding BMI, and arterial blood pressure between study group and controls. Conclusion Whitening creams abuse especially high potency TCs is a common phenomenon that may induce several local and systemic complications including adrenal gland insufficiency.

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