scholarly journals Factors associated with removal of postpartum intrauterine contraceptive device among acceptors in rural areas of Nadia district, West Bengal: a case-control study

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 4350
Author(s):  
Jayita Pal ◽  
Jitu Sharma ◽  
Sankalpa Satapathy
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
West Bengal ◽  
Unmet Need ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Intrauterine Contraceptive Device ◽  
Contraceptive Device ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Intrauterine Contraceptive ◽  
Control Study

Background: The unmet need for contraception remains high in the postpartum period. Postpartum intrauterine contraceptive device (PPIUCD), despite being an effective and well-suited contraceptive method for this period, many women discontinue its use due to various reasons just after a few days or weeks. The study aimed to identify the factors associated with the removal of the same.Methods: A community-based case-control study had been conducted in Nadia district of West Bengal. A multi-stage sampling technique had been applied to identify and interview the cases and controls with the help of a predesigned pretested semi-structured schedule.Results: The overall removal and expulsion rates were found to be quite high (21.5% and 16.3% respectively). Multivariate analysis revealed that acceptors belonging to joint family, educated only up to middle level, if place of delivery and insertion of PPIUCD was BPHC, the same had been inserted by nursing staff, experienced pain after insertion,  not given consent before insertion, not counselled ever on PPIUCD, not decided to accept PPIUCD before delivery, not satisfied with its use and undergone no follow up visit after its insertion, were having higher odds of removal of the same.Conclusions: Rigorous counselling during the antenatal period should be focused to achieve a declining trend regarding PPIUCD removal.

scholarly journals Knowledge and predictors of retention of postpartum intrauterine contraceptive device among users in rural areas of Nadia district, West Bengal, India

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (11) ◽  
pp. 4976
Author(s):  
Jitu Sharma ◽  
Jayita Pal
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
West Bengal ◽  
Nuclear Family ◽  
Unmet Need ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Intrauterine Contraceptive Device ◽  
Contraceptive Device ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Awareness Campaigns ◽  
Intrauterine Contraceptive

Background: Postpartum intrauterine contraceptive device (PPIUCD) is a safe, highly effective postpartum contraceptive, yet to be popularized at the community level in a diversified developing country like India where still the unmet need for spacing remains high. This study aimed to assess the knowledge regarding PPIUCD among users and the predictors of its retention.Methods: A case-control study had been conducted using multi-stage sampling technique in Nadia district of West Bengal. Face to face interviews of the cases and the controls had been done with the help of a predesigned pretested semi-structured schedule. Data were entered in MS Excel and analysed in SPSS 20.0 version.Results: Majority of the acceptors (55.2%) had poor knowledge regarding PPIUCD. Most of the participants (62.2%) retained their PPIUCD at least for 6 months. Acceptors who belonged to Hindu religion, higher socio-economic class (I and II), nuclear family, educated up to or above secondary level, ever counselled on PPIUCD, satisfied using that in day to day life, undergone follow-up visits and had correct knowledge regarding different aspects of PPIUCD had higher odds of retention of PPIUCD.Conclusions: Regular awareness campaigns, counselling at household level, advocacy are the utmost needs of the hour to motivate the eligible couple for its acceptance and retention.

scholarly journals Risk Factors for Acute Respiratory Infections in Children Between 0 and 23 Months of Age in a Peri-Urban District in Pakistan: A Matched Case–Control Study

2022 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatima Mir ◽  
Shabina Ariff ◽  
Maria Bhura ◽  
Suhail Chanar ◽  
Apsara Ali Nathwani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Childhood Mortality ◽  
Urban District ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Matched Case ◽  
Matched Case Control Study ◽  
Control Study

Background: Acute respiratory infection (ARI) accounts for nearly 15% of all childhood mortality in South Asia, with children from rural areas at higher risk due to inaccessibility to healthcare facilities. We therefore aimed to identify risk factors associated with ARI in children under 2 years of age in rural Pakistan.Methods: A retrospective 1:2 matched case–control study was conducted between October and December 2018 in Taluka Kotri, Jamshoro District of Pakistan. Cases were identified as children between 0 and 23 months of age with a history of fever, cough, sore throat, fast breathing, difficulty breathing, or chest indrawing in the 2 weeks prior to the survey. Controls were participants without symptoms of ARI, matched based on age in months. Data analysis was conducted using STATA version 15. Univariate and multivariable conditional logistic regression analyses were used to identify factors associated with ARI, and p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results: We identified 1,071 cases of ARI who were matched with 2,142 controls. Multivariable analysis revealed that female gender [odds ratio (OR) 0.78, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.67–0.91], exclusive breastfeeding (OR 0.81, 95% CI: 0.69–0.97), and comorbidity with diarrhea (OR: 1.64, 95% CI: 1.40–1.91) were significantly associated with ARI.Conclusion: Pakistan continues to progress toward reducing childhood mortality, particularly ARI-related deaths, for which it bears a great burden. This study identifies risk factors such as the male gender, breastfeeding, and comorbidities with diarrhea, which could open grounds for further programmatic implications in targeting a multifaceted approach to reducing incidences of ARI in rural areas of the country.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Balance Impairment and Factors Associated with Balance among Patients with Stroke. A Cross Sectional Retrospective Case Control Study

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 320
Author(s):  
Fayaz Khan ◽  
Mohamed Faisal Chevidikunnan
Keyword(s):  
Case Control Study ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Berg Balance Scale ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Knee Extensors ◽  
Retrospective Case ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Balance Impairment ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Control Study

Stroke is a major cause of disability worldwide, and balance impairments are common disabling factors in patients with stroke, leading to falls. Thus, the study objectives were as follows: (i) To find the prevalence of balance impairment among patients with stroke. (ii) To find out the factors associated with balance impairment in patients with stroke. This cross-sectional retrospective case control study involved eighty-one post stroke patients with a mean age of 58.36 ± 14.06, recruited from six hospitals, who underwent an assessment of balance, walking speed, depression and isometric strength of the ankle and knee. These patients were later categorized into subjects with good balance (<45) in the Berg balance scale (BBS) and those with poor balance (≥45), as cases and controls, to assess the factors associated with balance impairment using binary logistic regression. The prevalence of balance impairment among patients with stroke was 48.1%. The reduction in power of knee flexors (OR = 0.858), knee extensors (OR = 0.880) and ankle dorsiflexors (OR = 0.820) was found to be significantly associated with balance impairment, along with speed (OR = 1.187 (95% CI = 1.100, 1.280)), depression (OR = 1.331 (95% CI = 1.055–1.679)) and activities of daily living (OR = 0.313 (95% CI = 0.150–0.650)). In summary, around half of the patients with stroke exhibited balance impairments, with females being more prone.

scholarly journals Effects of sagging breasts and other risk factors associated with mastalgia: a case–control study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bülent Çomçalı ◽  
Servet Kocaoz ◽  
Buket Altun Özdemir ◽  
Ömer Parlak ◽  
Birol Korukluoğlu
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Coffee Consumption ◽  
Educational Status ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Tea Consumption ◽  
Drinking Alcohol ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Control Study

AbstractThe aim of this study is to compare patients with and without mastalgia and to analyze the factors affecting mastalgia and its severity. The patient’s age, height, weight, educational status, marital status, and occupation were recorded in all subjects. In addition, the women were asked about the presence of any risk factors for mastalgia, such as tea and coffee consumption, smoking, alcohol consumption, and weight gain. The sternal notch to nipple distance (SNND) was measured to determine whether there was breast sagging. Mastalgia was significantly more common in women with BMIs of > 30 kg/m2 (OR: 2.94, CI 1.65–5.24), those who were primary school graduates or illiterate (OR: 2.96, CI 1.6–5.46), and those with SNND values of 22–25 cm (OR: 2.94, CI 1.79–4.82). In these women, drinking more than 6 cups of tea a day (OR: 2.15, CI 1.32–3.5), smoking at least 10 cigarettes a day (OR: 2.94, CI 1.78–4.83), and drinking alcohol at least once a week (OR: 2.1, CI 1.12–3.91) were found to be important factors that increased the risk of mastalgia. As a result, it has been found that severe mastalgia complaints cause by obesity, sagging breasts, never giving birth, unemployment anxiety, regular smoking, alcohol use, and excessive tea consumption.

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