scholarly journals Effects of injectable contraceptives on intraocular pressure among women of child bearing age

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 444
Author(s):  
Precious N. Uwagboe ◽  
Charles U. Uwagboe ◽  
Chioma R. Mba
Keyword(s):  
Intraocular Pressure ◽  
Neuroprotective Effect ◽  
Personal Data ◽  
Childbearing Age ◽  
Vascular Effect ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Statistical Significant Difference ◽  
Child Bearing ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Injectable Contraceptives

Background: The presence of female sex hormones has been linked to variation in intraocular pressure. Numerous studies have revealed that these hormones exert neuroprotective effect and a vascular effect on intraocular pressure regulation. This study was to determine the effect of injectable contraceptives on intraocular pressure in women of child bearing age.Methods: It was a cross-sectional study, carried out at the University of Benin Teaching Hospital involving 85 healthy Nigerian women of child bearing age (20-50 years). The women were divided into two groups 20-35 years (Mean age was 29.66±3.43) and 36-50 years (Mean age 40.66±4.41). A brief case history was conducted to gain information on their personal data, oculo-visual history and general health. Intraocular pressure (IOP) was measured at baseline and two months after injectable contraceptive.Results: There was no statistical significant difference in the IOP reading at baseline and after injectable contraceptives among women in group 20-35 (p=0.819), whereas women in group 36-50 years showed a Statistical significant difference in their IOP at baseline and after injectable contraceptives (p=0.049).Conclusions: Injectable contraceptives have significant effect on IOP of healthy women of childbearing age. Further studies involving a larger sample should be conducted over a long duration in order to achieve a better generalization of the findings on this subject matter.

Knowledge, attitude and practices regarding implants among women of childbearing age

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Irshad Begum Shaikh ◽  
Syed Imtiaz Ahmed Jafry ◽  
Syed Muhammad Zulfiqar Hyder Naqvi ◽  
Syeda Nadia Firdous ◽  
Admin
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Contraceptive Method ◽  
Women Of Childbearing Age ◽  
Reproductive Health Services ◽  
Childbearing Age ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Child Bearing

Abstract A cross-sectional survey was conducted from February 2016 to September 2016 to assess knowledge, attitude and practices regarding implants among women of childbearing age visiting Reproductive Health Services Center, Civil Hospital,Karachi. A total of 396 adult non-pregnant married females of child bearing age, from 18 to 49 years old, were interviewed using a structured questionnaire.Only153 (38.6%) of therespondentshad knowledge about implants whereas out of them 122 (79.7%) acquired it from family planning clinics. Almost two third of them (n=267, 67.4%) were in favor of using implants as a contraceptive method. Moreover, 244 (61.6%) of them were of the opinion that if given the choice, they will use implanon though out of total 316 (79.8%) respondents who ever used contraceptives, only 3 (0.9%) used implants.Despiteafavorable attitude, limited knowledge and poor practices of the respondents highlighted the study findings. Keywords: Knowledge, Attitude, Contraception, Progestins, Continuous...

scholarly journals Prevalence, pattern and distribution of MIH defects in Sudanese children

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanna Elhassan Abdalla ◽  
Amal Hussein Abuaffan ◽  
Arthur Musakulu Kemoli
Keyword(s):  
Demographic Data ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Statistical Significant Difference ◽  
Tooth Structure ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Study Population

Abstract Background: Molar incisos hypomineralization (MIH) has serious impact on oral health-related quality of life for a child, due to its effects on tooth structure, aesthetics and behavior of the child. The current study was designed to determine the prevalence, pattern and distribution of MIH in school children in Sudan.Methods: This was a descriptive, cross-sectional study involving 568 children, aged 8-11 years from schools in Khartoum State. After collecting their socio-demographic data, the children were examined for hypomineralization on the 12 MIH indexed teeth, and assessed on the MIH pattern and distribution. The data collected were analyzed to obtain descriptive statstics, and the results related to the socio-demographic and other dental-related factors of the children using chi-square test and Spearman Rank Correlation, with the significant level set at p<0.05.Results: The prevalence of MIH in the study population was 20.1%. Majority of the affected teeth were permanent first molars (PFMs) (12.5%), but there was no statistical significant difference between the occurrence of hypomineralization on mandibular and maxillary molars (p=0.22). However, in the case of incisors, there was a statistical significant difference between the maxillary incisors that had higher hypomineralization rate when related to the mandibular incisors ( p=0.00). In terms of the pattern of hypomineralization, demarcated opacities were the commonest MIH defects (69.9%) in the study group.Conclusions: While the prevalence of MIH in the study population was 20.1%, both molars and incisor teeth were frequently affected in both dental arches, and the demarcated opacity type were the most frequent form of defect found in the teeth of the participants.

scholarly journals Access to contraceptives for adolescents in northern Nigeria – a cross-sectional study from three secondary health facilities in Kaduna metropolis, Kaduna

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 1476
Author(s):  
Audu Alayande ◽  
Bahijjatu Bello-Garko ◽  
Gregory Umeh ◽  
Islamiyat Nuhu
Keyword(s):  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Unmet Need ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Health Facilities ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Child Bearing ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
Injectable Contraceptives ◽  
Provider Bias ◽  
Unmet Need For Contraception

Background: In 2015, the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) noted that countries will need to meet the increasing demand for contraceptives by the over 600 million 15- to 19-year-olds around the world. Although the unmet need for contraception for Women of Child Bearing Age (WCBA) in Nigeria is 12.7%, the value is higher (35.3%) among adolescents aged 15 – 19 years. Additionally, the unmet need for family planning (FP) among WCBA in Kaduna state is 5.8%, with 33.3% of women aged 20-24 years in Kaduna reported to have had a live birth before the age of 18 years. This study sought to evaluate adolescent contraceptive use in three referral health facilities of Kaduna metropolis. Methods: This is a descriptive cross-sectional desk review of 5543 FP clients that attended three referral centers between 2014 and 2016. Data on their age, parity and the use of contraceptives were collected from the clinic registers and analyzed using SPSS 22. Results: The FP client age ranged from 12 to 57 years, of which only 3.6% were adolescent. The annual proportion of adolescent contraceptive users ranged from 3.1 – 4.1%. More than 96% of the adolescents had given birth to at least one child. Around 62% of the adolescents used injectable contraceptives but there was no IUD use reported by any adolescent. Conclusions: The low proportion of adolescent contraceptive users and their limited choice of contraceptive methods, emanating from multiplicity of client and provider bias, calls for innovative interventions to meet the contraceptive needs of adolescents.

scholarly journals Intraocular pressure predicts premature coronary atherosclerosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (12) ◽  
pp. 1707-1711
Author(s):  
Mehmet Kaplan ◽  
Ozge Ozcan Abacýoglu ◽  
Fethi Yavuz ◽  
Gizem Ilgýn Kaplan ◽  
Betül Düzen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intraocular Pressure ◽  
Pulse Wave Velocity ◽  
Wave Velocity ◽  
Pulse Wave ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Artery Disease

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the association between intraocular pressure (IOP) and premature atherosclerotic coronary artery disease (PACAD) by comparing central corneal thicknesses (CCTs) measurements. METHODS: One hundred-eighty-six subjects were enrolled in this cross-sectional study, 100 in the PACAD group and 86 in the control group. All participants underwent a physical examination and routine biochemical tests. Ophthalmological examinations, including IOP and CCTs measurements, were performed for each subject. Additionally, pulse wave velocity measurements were obtained and recorded. RESULTS: Participants with PACAD showed significantly higher IOP values than those without atherosclerosis (p = 0.001), and there was no statistically significant difference between the groups in terms of CCT (p = 0.343). Also, pulse wave velocity (PWV) values were statistically significantly higher in the PACAD group (p = 0.001). High IOP was not significantly associated with metabolic syndrome parameters (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: A relationship was found between PACAD and IOP, but CCTs were not associated with PACAD. The IOP measurement is affected by CCT; therefore, CCT is used to correct IOP values. To our knowledge, this is the first study to report a positive relationship between PACAD and IOP based on CCTs measurements.

scholarly journals An overview of vaginal infections’ etiologies in south-eastern Gabon

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
michelle bignoumba ◽  
Kelly MBOMBE MOGHOA ◽  
Jean Ulrich MUANDZE-NZAMBE ◽  
Roland Fabrice KASSA KASSA ◽  
Yann MOUANGA NDZIME ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Demographic Data ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Mixed Infections ◽  
Childbearing Age ◽  
Vaginal Infections ◽  
Aerobic Vaginitis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Key Species ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Discomfort in women of childbearing age associated with vaginal infections, namely Bacterial Vaginosis (BV), Aerobic Vaginitis (AV), VulVovaginal Candidiasis (VVC), and Trichomoniasis (TV), represent a serious and ongoing gynecological complication throughout the world. This study aimed to investigate the etiologies of vaginal infections among outpatients in south-eastern Gabon. A cross-sectional study was designed using participants referred directly by their treating doctor for a vaginal swab. Socio-demographic data were collected using a structured questionnaire. Microscopic examinations were used for TV and BV diagnostic. All vaginal swabs were cultured for AV and VVC isolates using standard microbiology methods. A total of 573 women of reproductive age participated in the study. The most common identified vaginal infections were BV (62.8%) and AV (51.1%) followed by VVC (34.1%). No significant difference was observed for each etiology compared to socio-demographic data. Streptococcus B (23.9%), Staphyloccocus aureus (17.7%), Klebsiella spp. (11.6%), and E. coli (5.8%) were the bacteria most associated with AV. A high incidence of Non-C. Albicans Candida (NCAC) strains causing vulvovaginitis were found. The prevalence of TV (2.1%) was low. Mixed infections had been common among participants. No association was found with TV and other vaginal infections, unlike others studies. The present study identified BV 228 (83.5%) and AV 227 (83.2%) as the main cause of mixed infections. The mixed infection AV-BV 113 (41.4%) was the most represented. Also, that simultaneous AV-BV-VVC represented 69 (25.3%) of mixed infections. Molecular analyses would be needed to identify the key species commonly associated with these vaginal infections.

scholarly journals FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN PEMAKAIAN KONTRASEPSI SUNTIK 3 BULAN DI BPM KASIH BUNDA DESA SUKADAMAI KABUPATEN MUSI BANYUASIN TAHUN 2021

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 606-613
Author(s):  
Nurul Qomariah ◽  
Syarifah Ismed ◽  
Titin Dewi Sartika
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Married Couples ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
P Value ◽  
Childbearing Age ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Knowledge Age ◽  
Injectable Contraceptives

Family Planning (KB) is an action that helps individuals or married couples to get certain objectives, avoid unwanted births, regulate the interval between pregnancies, control the time of birth in a husband and wife relationship and determine the number of children in the family. Data from the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia in 2019, the number of family planning participants in Indonesia in 2018 was 24,196,151 people (62.5%) of the number of couples of childbearing age, which was 38,690,214 people. A person's decision to use contraceptives is influenced by factors of age, education, knowledge, and number of children. Income. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between knowledge, age, parity and income simultaneously with the use of 3-month injectable contraceptives at BPM Kasih Bunda, Sukapeace Village, Musi Banyuasin Regency in 2021.The research design uses an Analytical Survey with a Cross Sectional approach. The population in this study were all family planning acceptors who came to BPM Kasih Bunda, Sukapeace Village, Musi Banyuasin Regency, amounting to 167 people. The number of samples in this study were 63 respondents who were taken using purposive sampling technique. Data collection using a questionnaire sheet. Data analysis using univariate analysis and bivariate analysis using chi square test.The results showed that there was a relationship between knowledge (p value = 0.028), age (p value = 0.000), parity (p value = 0.023) and income (p value = 0.004) with the use of 3-month injectable contraceptives at BPM Kasih Bunda, Sukapeace Village, Musi Banyuasin Regency. year 2021.The conclusion is that there is a relationship between knowledge, age, parity and income with the use of 3-month injectable contraceptives at BPM Kasih Bunda, Sukapeace Village, Musi Banyuasin Regency in 2021.

Healthcare professionals’ knowledge of the doses and risks for radiological investigations performed during pregnancy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Ataalla ◽  
A.M. Yousef
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Radiation Effects ◽  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
Training Programs ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Childbearing Age ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
Level Of Significance

Pregnant women should receive appropriate care during radiation examination which requires increased awareness of the effect of radiation and its associated risks. The aim of the study was to assess awareness of radiation risks on pregnant women during radiological examination among healthcare professionals and women who are pregnant or of childbearing age. A total of 225 individuals from different professional groups (nurses, medical radiographers, radiologists) and a total of 75 women who were pregnant or in childbearing age responded to a questionnaire-based cross-sectional study. The study was conducted in Riyadh and Al-Kharj hospitals in Saudi Arabia. Data were analyzed by T-test and ANOVAs-test to compare the level of knowledge among participants; the level of significance was set at p ≤ 0.05. The results showed that the healthcare workers who had attended training programs had an increased level of knowledge regarding radiation effects among pregnant women as compared to those who had not attended training programs (p < 0.05). The study showed a non-significant difference in awareness level for healthcare professionals regarding their job experience (p > 0.05). There was a lack of nurses’ awareness regarding X-ray or radiation dosage and its effect on pregnant women and fetuses. On-going training and education regarding radiation protection is recommended.

scholarly journals COVID-19 pandemic and dental hygienists in Italy: a questionnaire survey

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuliana Bontà ◽  
Guglielmo Campus ◽  
Maria Grazia Cagetti
Keyword(s):  
Risk Perception ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Personal Data ◽  
Dental Hygienists ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Waiting Room ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Protective Measures ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Objective This online cross-sectional survey assesses the signs/symptoms, the protective measures taken and the awareness and risk perception regarding COVID-19 among Italian dental hygienists. All Italian dental hygienists were invited to participate. The ad hoc online questionnaire was divided into four domains: personal data, protective measures (−before patient arrival; −in the waiting room; −in the operating room) and PPE, awareness and risk perception. Results Two-thousand-seven-hundred-ninety-eight subjects participated. Only 0.25% of the sample was positive to the virus. Sense of fatigue (8.19%), headache (7.81%) and sore throat (7.32%) were the most common symptoms. A statistically significant trend across the areas with a different prevalence of COVID-19 was observed related to the number of signs/symptoms (areas z = 6.38 p < 0.01). Overall, 90.55% of the sample used protective glasses or visor, 90.10% disposable gloves and 82.80% surgical mask. Regarding the confidence to avoid the infection, a statistically significant difference was found among dental hygienists belonging to the 3 years-professional-experiences groups who worked in the high COVID-19 prevalence area. The findings of this survey show that Italian dental hygienists have modified their working habits according to the professional risk related to the current pandemic and they seem correctly prepared to face the risk of a SARS-CoV-2 infection.

scholarly journals Results of the Bhaktapur Glaucoma Study, Nepal

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
SS Thapa ◽  
I Paudyal ◽  
S Khanal ◽  
G Van Rens
Keyword(s):  
Intraocular Pressure ◽  
Response Rate ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Secondary Glaucoma ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Age And Sex

Introduction: The Bhaktapur Glaucoma Study is a population-based, cross-sectional and longitudinal study undertaken in one of the districts of Nepal. Objectives: To determine the prevalence of glaucoma in Bhaktapur district, Nepal. Materials and methods: Thirty clusters were randomly selected and a door-to-door census was conducted to identify citizens 40 years of age and older. Four thousand eight hundred individuals fulfilling the eligibility criteria were referred to the base hospital in Kathmandu for a detailed clinical examination. The diagnosis of glaucoma was based upon criteria described by the International Society for Geographic and Epidemiological Ophthalmology (ISGEO). Results: Complete data was available on 3991 subjects (response rate 83.15 %). The mean IOP was 13.3 mm Hg (97.5th and 99.5th percentiles, 18 and 20 mm Hg, respectively) and mean VCDR 0.26 (97.5th and 99.5th percentiles, 0.6 and 0.8 mm Hg, respectively). Seventy-five subjects had glaucoma, an age-sex-standardized prevalence of 1.80 (95 % confidence interval (CI), 1.68 - 1.92). The age-and sex-standardized prevalence of POAG was 1.24 % (CI, 1.14 - 1.34), PACG 0.39 % (CI, 0.34 - 0.45) and secondary glaucoma 0.15 % (CI, 0.07-0.36). The prevalence of glaucoma increased with increase in age and there was no significant difference in gender. Nine eyes were blind and two subjects bilaterally blind from glaucoma. Conclusion: The overall prevalence of glaucoma was 1.9 %. POAG was the most common form of glaucoma. Visual morbidity from PACG, however, was higher. A large majority of the subjects with POAG had not been previously diagnosed and had intraocular pressure within the normal range. Nepal J Ophthalmol 2013; 5(9):81-93 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nepjoph.v5i1.7832

scholarly journals RELATIONSHIP HUSBAND’S SUPPORT WITH NUTRITIONAL STATUS OF INJECTABLE CONTRACEPTIVES ACCEPTOR

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 58
Author(s):  
Nining Ambarwati ◽  
Ni Ketut Alit Armini ◽  
Ilya Krisnana
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Hormonal Contraception ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Women Of Childbearing Age ◽  
Childbearing Age ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Safe Side ◽  
Injectable Contraceptives ◽  
The Relationship

Hormonal contraception type injectable contraceptives increasingly popular in Indonesia because of its practical, cost-effective, and safe. Side effects of use injectable contraceptives is changes in nutritional status. Nutritional status is a measure in the assessment of nutritional fulfillment that reflects a person's health status. Changes in nutritional status are multifactorial like husband’s support. This study aims to explain the relationship between husband’s support with nutritional status on injectable contraceptives acceptor. This study used cross sectional design. The sample in this research is women of childbearing age who use injectable contraceptive of Puskesmas Gading Surabaya region obtained by purposive sampling technique. Independent variable is husband’s support. The dependent variable is the nutritional status of injectable contraceptives acceptor. The instruments in this study were questionnaires and BMI measurements. To find out the relationship, this study uses Spearman correlation test. Husband’s support with nutritional status on injectable contraceptives acceptor, obtained result p = 0,00 (r) = -0,546. The husband’s support with nutritional status on injectable contraceptives acceptor has a moderate correlation with negative correlation coefficient, it means that less respondents get support from their husbands, nutritional status will increase until they get overweight or obese. It is necessary to increase the involvement of husbands in deciding the use of contraception, so women of childbearing age of injecting contraceptives acceptor receives adequate husband’s support.

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