scholarly journals USG and CT scan evaluation of patients of acute and chronic pancreatitis- a cross-sectional, comparative study

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (8) ◽  
pp. 3713 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aastha Bhatt ◽  
Awdhut Tiparse ◽  
Arpita Patel ◽  
Birwa Gandhi
Keyword(s):  
Ct Scan ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Radiation Hazard ◽  
Government Medical College ◽  
Detailed Characterization ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Adjacent Structures

Background: Pancreatitis is a condition of inflammation of pancreas with high rate of morbidity and mortality. USG provides the initial radiological assessment of the organ, clue of the extent of involvement and an opportunity to evaluate other abdominal organs. CT scan provides a cross-sectional anatomy of the organ, its internal structure, focal or diffuse involvement and involvement of adjacent structures. This study is done to evaluate the role of USG and CT scan in patients of pancreatitis admitted to Sir Takhtsinhji hospital, government medical college, Bhavnagar, Gujarat, India. Aim was to understand the role of CT and USG in determination of diagnosis of pancreatitis and to highlight and evaluate the cases in which USG failed to diagnose the cases which were helped through by CT.Methods: This study was done in department of radio diagnosis at Sir Takhtsinhji hospital, government medical college, Bhavnagar, Gujarat, India, over a period of one year from June 2015 to June 2016. Each patient was studied taking into consideration relevant clinical and laboratory factors. USG of patients was done using My Lab 40 or My Lab 20 plus machine. CT scan was done using GE 16 Slice CT scan machine.Results: Ultrasound by non-invasiveness, lack of radiation hazard and by ability to demonstrate structural changes in organ is first investigation of choice in pancreatitis. However, USG fails imaging in conditions with excess of bowel gas or fatty patient. It lacks in detailed characterization of the inflammatory process and does not delineate extent of necrosis of the gland. CT is superior to ultrasound for precise detection of size, parenchyma, MPD, calcification, pseudocyst, ascites, pleural effusion, necrosis and peri pancreatic region and hence helps to determine exact extent of inflammation of the organ, multi-system involvement and prognosis.Conclusions: Ultrasound by non-invasiveness, easy availability, cost parameters, lack of radiation hazard and by ability to demonstrate structural changes in organ is first investigation of choice in pancreatitis. However, ultrasonography lacks in detailed characterization of the extent of involvement of the organ and adjacent structures. CT is superior to ultrasound for precise detection and extension of the pancreatitis and it has better sensitivity and specificity than ultrasonography. 

Acid-Sensing Ion Channels

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Gründer
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Ion Channels ◽  
Excitatory Synapses ◽  
Detailed Characterization ◽  
High Affinity ◽  
Acid Sensing Ion Channels ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Pathological Pain

Acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs) are proton-gated Na+ channels. Being almost ubiquitously present in neurons of the vertebrate nervous system, their precise function remained obscure for a long time. Various animal toxins that bind to ASICs with high affinity and specificity have been tremendously helpful in uncovering the role of ASICs. We now know that they contribute to synaptic transmission at excitatory synapses as well as to sensing metabolic acidosis and nociception. Moreover, detailed characterization of mouse models uncovered an unanticipated role of ASICs in disorders of the nervous system like stroke, multiple sclerosis, and pathological pain. This review provides an overview on the expression, structure, and pharmacology of ASICs plus a summary of what is known and what is still unknown about their physiological functions and their roles in diseases.

scholarly journals Role of CT (Computed Tomography) in the Evaluation of Fungal Diseases in Paranasal Sinus

2014 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 189-193
Author(s):  
T Islam ◽  
SA Azad ◽  
ME Karim ◽  
L Khondker ◽  
K Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Infection ◽  
Ct Scan ◽  
Paranasal Sinus ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Fungal Diseases ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Computed Tomographic ◽  
Histopathological Result

A cross sectional study carried out with patients having suspected paranasal sinus (PNS) mass during January 2009 to October 2010 to evaluate the fungal diseases in PNS by computed tomographic(CT) image and comparison of the findings of this modality with histopathological result. Among the total 76 patients, the mean age of the patients was 35.95 ± 18.24 and common complaints of the patients were nasal obstruction (73.7%) and maximum 53.9% patients had PNS mass in maxillary sinuses. Out of all cases 10 were diagnosed as having fungal infection/mass by CT scan and confirmed by histopathological evaluation. Two cases were diagnosed as having fungal infection/mass by CT scan but not confirmed by histopathological findings. Of 64 cases of other than fungal infection/mass, which were diagnosed by CT scan, six were confirmed as having fungal infection/mass and 58 were other than having fungal infection/mass by histopathology. Sensitivity of CT scan to diagnose fungal infection/mass was 62.5%, specificity 96.7%, positive predictive value 83.3%, negative predictive value 90.6% and accuracy 89.5%. CT scan of the fungal diseases in paranasal sinus provides more information and better image quality and CT diagnosis correlate well with the findings of histopathology. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbcps.v31i4.21002 J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2013; 31: 189-193

scholarly journals Clinical and Etiological Profile of Mycotic Keratitis from a Tertiary Care Centre in South India

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (27) ◽  
pp. 2001-2006
Author(s):  
John Britto Augustin ◽  
Sureshbaboo Variamkandi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Corneal Ulcer ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Government Medical College ◽  
Tertiary Care Centre ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Corneal Ulcers ◽  
Prompt Treatment

BACKGROUND Corneal ulcer is the leading cause of ocular morbidity and monocular blindness worldwide. To effectively prevent blindness in patients with corneal ulcer, a proper understanding of the risk factors predisposing to ulceration, its clinical and microbiological characteristics are essential. Timely identification of aetiological agents causing corneal ulcers and their prompt treatment helps to save the vision. We wanted to detect aetiological agents of corneal ulcer with special references to fungal causes and characterize the fungal aetiological agents to species level. METHODS This is a cross sectional study, conducted in Government Medical college, Kozhikode, between January 2016 and June 2017. All patients who were clinically diagnosed as cases of infectious corneal ulcer in the Ophthalmology department, Government Medical College, Kozhikode were included in the study. Corneal scrapings collected from the infected eye were subjected to microbiological examination and culture. A total of 120 cases were analysed. Each patient was examined with the slit lamp bio microscope after staining with fluorescein. Scrapings from cornea at the site of corneal ulcer were collected by ophthalmologist after a detailed clinical history and examination of the affected eye. The laboratory procedures used in the diagnosis of infectious keratitis were based on direct visualization of organisms by subjecting corneal scrapings to Gram stain and KOH wet mount and inoculation of material on to blood agar and Sabouraud dextrose agar. RESULTS Among the 120 cases, a total of 49 cases were culture positive. Twenty-one [17.5 %] were bacterial, twenty-two [18.34 %] were fungal and six [5.0 %] were poly microbial [bacteria and fungus]. Among the fungal aetiology, fusarium species was most common [32.14 %], followed by aspergillus species - 25.0 %. Trauma was the major risk factor. Diabetes mellitus, exposure keratitis were the other comorbidities / risk factors. CONCLUSIONS This study shows majority of infected corneal ulcers are associated with risk factors and the aetiology are mainly fungi. Microscopy, culture, and clinical correlation helped in adequate management. Thus, prognosis and outcome of corneal ulcers rely on timely identification of their aetiology and prompt treatment. KEY WORDS Corneal ulcer, Fungal Keratitis

scholarly journals A cross-sectional study to assess internet addiction among medical undergraduate students of government medical college in Agra, India

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 4578
Author(s):  
Khan I. Aqeel ◽  
S. K. Misra
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Internet Addiction ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Internet Usage ◽  
Government Medical College ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Medical Undergraduate ◽  
Medical Undergraduate Students

Background: Internet has become an essential part of one’s life in this modern era where technology is taking over the world. Risk of Internet addiction (IA) has increased in this year 2020, due to Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, where most of time students are restricted to their homes thus relying on social media to be in touch with outer world, moreover surfing of web, as well as online learning practices increased their screen and internet exposure time. Hence, we conducted a study to assess internet addiction among medical undergraduate students of Government Medical College in Agra.Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 600 medical undergraduate students of S.N. Medical College, Agra. A self-administered, pre-validated questionnaire was used and a total of 488 students responded. E-questionnaire consist of questions about demographic information and internet usage pattern, it also contains Young’s IA test scale to measure internet addiction. Data obtained was analyzed and inferences were drawn.Results: The prevalence of IA was 61.5%. Mean ± Standard deviation (SD) age of the participants was 22.27±1.59 years and 48.36% were males. IA was significantly associated with male students, higher family income group and higher year of academic course. IA was also statistically significant with higher number of years since using internet, greater screen and internet usage time.Conclusion: Internet addiction is a growing problem among students of professional courses especially in medical colleges. IA has psychological, physical, and social impact on student’s life. So, it is necessary to develop strategies for prevention of internet addiction.

scholarly journals Activation and activity of glycosylated KLKs 3, 4 and 11

2018 ◽  
Vol 399 (9) ◽  
pp. 1009-1022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shihui Guo ◽  
Peter Briza ◽  
Viktor Magdolen ◽  
Hans Brandstetter ◽  
Peter Goettig
Keyword(s):  
Physiological Function ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Hek293 Cells ◽  
Secretory Expression ◽  
Detailed Characterization ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Clinical Biomarkers ◽  
Schiff Reaction

Abstract Human kallikrein-related peptidases 3, 4, 11, and KLK2, the activator of KLK3/PSA, belong to the prostatic group of the KLKs, whose major physiological function is semen liquefaction during the fertilization process. Notably, these KLKs are upregulated in prostate cancer and are used as clinical biomarkers or have been proposed as therapeutic targets. However, this potential awaits a detailed characterization of these proteases. In order to study glycosylated prostatic KLKs resembling the natural proteases, we used Leishmania (LEXSY) and HEK293 cells for secretory expression. Both systems allowed the subsequent purification of soluble pro-KLK zymogens with correct propeptides and of the mature forms. Periodic acid-Schiff reaction, enzymatic deglycosylation assays, and mass spectrometry confirmed the glycosylation of these KLKs. Activation of glycosylated pro-KLKs 4 and 11 turned out to be most efficient by glycosylated KLK2 and KLK4, respectively. By comparing the glycosylated prostatic KLKs with their non-glycosylated counterparts from Escherichia coli, it was observed that the N-glycans stabilize the KLK proteases and change their activation profiles and their enzymatic activity to some extent. The functional role of glycosylation in prostate-specific KLKs could pave the way to a deeper understanding of their biology and to medical applications.

scholarly journals Peritoneal Microbiome in End-Stage Renal Disease Patients and the Impact of Peritoneal Dialysis Therapy

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 173
Author(s):  
Liliana Simões-Silva ◽  
Ricardo Araujo ◽  
Manuel Pestana ◽  
Isabel Soares-Silva ◽  
Benedita Sampaio-Maia
Keyword(s):  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Human Microbiome ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Peritoneal Tissue ◽  
Stage Renal Disease ◽  
End Stage ◽  
The Impact

Factors influencing the occurrence of peritoneal dialysis (PD)-related infections are still far from fully understood. Recent studies described the existence of specific microbiomes in body sites previously considered microbiome-free, unravelling new microbial pathways in the human body. In the present study, we analyzed the peritoneum of end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) patients to determine if they harbored a specific microbiome and if it is altered in patients on PD therapy. We conducted a cross-sectional study where the peritoneal microbiomes from ESKD patients with intact peritoneal cavities (ESKD non-PD, n = 11) and ESKD patients undergoing PD therapy (ESKD PD, n = 9) were analyzed with a 16S rRNA approach. Peritoneal tissue of ESKD patients contained characteristically low-abundance microbiomes dominated by Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, and Bacteroidetes. Patients undergoing PD therapy presented lower species richness, with dominance by the Pseudomonadaceae and Prevotelaceae families. This study provides the first characterization of the peritoneal microbiome in ESKD patients, bringing new insight to the human microbiome. Additionally, PD therapy may induce changes in this unique microbiome. The clinical relevance of these observations should be further explored to uncover the role of the peritoneal microbiome as a key element in the onset or aggravation of infection in ESKD patients, especially those undergoing PD.

Characterization of Structure and Mechanical Properties of MoSi2-SiC Nanolayer Composites

1993 ◽  
Vol 322 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Kung ◽  
T. R. Jervis ◽  
J-P. Hirvonen ◽  
M. Nastasi ◽  
T. E. Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Crystallization Process ◽  
Mechanical Response ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Annealing Conditions ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Layer Structures ◽  
Amorphous Structures

AbstractA systematic study of the structure-mechanical properties relationship is reported for MoSi2-SiC nanolayer composites. Alternating layers of MoSi2 and SiC were synthesized by DCmagnetron and if-diode sputtering, respectively. Cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy was used to examine three distinct reactions in the specimens when exposed to different annealing conditions: crystallization and phase transformation of MoSi2, crystallization of SiC, and spheroidization of the layer structures. Nanoindentation was employed to characterize the mechanical response as a function of the structural changes. As-sputtered material exhibits amorphous structures in both types of layers and has a hardness of 11GPa and a modulus of 217GPa. Subsequent heat treatment induces crystallization of MoSi2 to form the C40 structure at 500°C and SiC to form the a structure at 700°C. The crystallization process is directly responsible for the hardness and modulus increase in the multilayers. A hardness of 24GPa and a modulus of 340GPa can be achieved through crystallizing both MoSi2 and SiC layers. Annealing at 900°C for 2h causes the transformation of MoSi2 into the Cllb structure, as well as spheroidization of the layering to form a nanocrystalline equiaxed microstructure. A slight degradation in hardness but not in modulus is observed accompanying the layer break-down.

Detailed characterization of the endocannabinoid system in human macrophages and foam cells, and anti-inflammatory role of type-2 cannabinoid receptor

2014 ◽  
Vol 233 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valerio Chiurchiù ◽  
Mirko Lanuti ◽  
Giuseppina Catanzaro ◽  
Filomena Fezza ◽  
Cinzia Rapino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cannabinoid Receptor ◽  
Endocannabinoid System ◽  
Foam Cells ◽  
Detailed Characterization ◽  
Human Macrophages ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

scholarly journals Role of Physiotherapy in Hospitalised Patients of COVID-19 disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 154-159
Author(s):  
Dr. Sanjay Kumar Bharty ◽  
◽  
Dr. Jitendra Kishore Bhargava ◽  
Dr. Brahma Prakash ◽  
Dr. Vikas Patel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Severity Index ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Breathing Exercises ◽  
Hospitalised Patients ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Respiratory Physiotherapy

Introduction: Respiratory physiotherapy is one of the therapeutic methods in various respiratoryviral infections. Breathing exercises with other interventions, could enhance the total lung capacityand symptom alleviation in patients with virus-related acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).Aim: To study the clinical evaluation of the role of physiotherapy in hospitalised patients of covid-19diseases. Method: This was an Observational (prospective, cross-sectional) study. 187 patientswere recruited and diagnosed as COVID-19 as per RTPCR at NSCB Medical College, Jabalpur (MP).Patients were randomised into the physiotherapy group and controlled group. Patients in thephysiotherapy group were undergone positional changes, prone ventilation, Breathing exercise,Resistive training, Passive joint motion, Muscle stretching, Bedside standing training, enduranceexercise by a specialized physiotherapist. Mean cough severity index, MMRC grade, respiration rateand peripheral blood saturation were recorded before and after intervention and compared with thecontrolled group. Result: There was significant improvement found in MMRC grade and respirationrate after physical therapy in the physiotherapy group (p-value < 0.05). Exertional dyspnoea andcough severity index significant deceased in physiotherapy group. The positive change was found inperipheral blood saturation. There was decreased in hospitalization stay in the physiotherapy groupas compared to the controlled group. Conclusion: Our study revealed the positive effect ofphysiotherapy on covid-19 disease in terms of symptoms and hospitalization duration among thephysiotherapy group. Physiotherapy exerts a beneficial role in the management of the covid-19disease.

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