scholarly journals Prospective of study of gestational diabetes mellitus risk in relation to maternal recreation physical activity before and after pregnancy

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. 2785
Author(s):  
Sukesh R. S. ◽  
Laxmy Rajmohan
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Challenge Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Family History Of Diabetes ◽  
Pregnant Females

Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus is common complications of pregnancy. Physical activity is associated with a lower risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus. The present study aimed to know association between physical activity and gestational diabetes mellitus in the first 20 weeks of their pregnancy.Methods: In the current case-control study, 50 pregnant females with gestational diabetes mellitus as the case group and 50 pregnant females as control group were selected. To diagnose gestational diabetes mellitus using diagnostic criteria. Females with abnormal oral glucose challenge test (>140mg/dL) were asked to perform the three-hour 100 g oral glucose tolerance test. The details of physical activity were collected by pregnancy physical activity questionnaire. Anthropometric and other data were recorded for all of the participants.Results: Females with low total physical activity at early pregnancy were at a significantly higher risk of developing gestational diabetes mellitus compared to the ones with higher levels of physical activity. After adjusting for age, body mass index (BMI), gravidity and a family history of diabetes, females with low physical activity during 20 weeks of pregnancy were at a significantly higher risk of developing gestational diabetes mellitus. Females with the low intensity of sedentary, light and moderate physical activity are at a higher risk of developing gestational diabetes mellitus compared to females with a higher intensity of sedentary, light and moderate physical activity.Conclusions: Females should be encouraged to do regular daily physical activity during pregnancy, if there is no specific contraindication to it. 

scholarly journals To study the incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus and risk factors associated with GDM

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maxima Anand ◽  
Manan Anand ◽  
Devinder Singh Mahajan
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Family History ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Challenge Test ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Family History Of Diabetes ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
History Of

Background: Diabetes is estimated to complicate 2-5% of all pregnancies of which 90% of those are detected during pregnancy i.e. gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and the rest are overt or pregestational i.e. either Type 1 or Type 2. According to ADA, approximately 7% of all pregnancies are complicated by GDM resulting in more than 2,00,000 cases annually. The aim was to study the incidence of GDM among pregnant women between 24 to 28 weeks of gestation, to evaluate and compare the occurrence of risk factors e.g.; family history of diabetes, prematurity, history of foetal loss and congenital anomaly associated with diabetes in pregnancy.Methods: 50gm of glucose, glucose challenge test (GCT) was given to women coming for antenatal check-up between 24 to 28 weeks of gestation irrespective of presence or absence of risk factors for GDM.1 hour glucose levels were checked. Patients with glucose levels more than 130mg/dl were subjected to 100gm of oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) according to Carpenter and Coustan modification of the National Diabetes Data. Data was compiled and statistically analysed.Results: In this study it was observed that 20 (women had raised GCT, 11 (5.3%) women developed GDM out of 206 women. All GDM patients have one or more risk factors. Age >25 years (63.6%) fetal loss (36.3%), BMI (33.3%) are common risk factors followed by family history of diabetes (27.3%).Conclusions: Family history of diabetes and past history of congenital anomalies are statistically significant in GDM group as compared to non GDM.

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Prospective Study

2010 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-113
Author(s):  
Paban K Sharma ◽  
Ashis Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Challenge Test ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Family History Of Diabetes ◽  
History Of

ABSTRACT Background Maternal hyperglycemia is considered a risk factor for both fetus and mother which can lead to significant morbidity and sometimes, even mortality. Here, we present a two years study of gestational diabetes which was intended to see the incidence and its determinants in the Patan Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal. Patan Hospital is a tertiary care level teaching hospital. Subjects and Methods All pregnant women visiting ANC clinic or admitted to the ward with the diagnosis of GDM from July 2005 to June 2007 at Patan Hospital were taken for the study. In Patan Hospital, pregnant ladies are routinely screened for diabetes with 50 gm glucose challenge test (GCT) and if the value is more than 140 mg/dl, they are subjected to 100 gm Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT). If two or more than two values are increased, they are managed as gestational diabetes. These cases of gestational diabetes are enrolled for the study. Data was collected by interview and laboratory investigations using standard set of questioner. Results Out of 13,382 consecutive deliveries, 53 patients were admitted with the diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Among them, 40.4% were Brahmin, 38.5% Newar, 11.5% Chettri and 9.6% from other cast. GDM was more common in the age group 26 to 35 years and was more prevalent in urban population than rural (urban 84.6% vs rural 15.4%). Similarly, it was more common in multipara patients. Only 28.8% of the cases were having polyhydramnios on ultrasound. Mean weight gain in pregnancy was 8.96 kg with a range of 3 to 20 kg approximately, 58% of patients had family history of diabetes, 48.7% of patients had history of GDM in previous pregnancy and 7.7% of patients had overt diabetes. Most of the patients needed insulin (92.3%) and only 7.7% of patients were managed with only diet and exercise. No significant fetomaternal complication was observed in our study. Conclusion There was significant number of cases diagnosed as GDM. All patients who were diagnosed early and treated accordingly had less complications related to mother and child.

scholarly journals Prevalence and risk factors associated with gestational diabetes mellitus in urbanised villages of East Delhi

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 1650
Author(s):  
Kalpesh Gohel ◽  
Pragti Chhabra ◽  
S. V. Madhu ◽  
Priyanka Mody ◽  
Shiv Pujari
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Challenge Test ◽  
Study Strategies ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Laboratory Findings ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Family History Of Diabetes ◽  
Prevalence Studies

Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is caused by an inability to increase insulin secretion in response to the insulin resistance experienced during pregnancy. This transient hyperglycemia poses immediate health-risks for the baby and long-term in the mother. Thus, GDM offers an experimental opportunity to study strategies for diabetes management.Methods: A cross-sectional study of two urbanized villages in East Delhi was performed over 1.5 years. 290 subjects with >12 weeks gestation, who were residents of the villages for at least 6 months, were enrolled. Detailed demographic and medical history with laboratory findings were collected and glucose challenge test (GCT) and Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) were used for screening and diagnosis of GDM.Results: Prevalence of GDM was found to be 9.1% in urbanized villages. High gravida (OR:2.97; 95% CI:1.24-7.12; p<0.014), longer duration of stay at the present residence (OR:2.48; 95% CI:1.05-5.84; p<0.037) and the presence of a family history of diabetes (OR:3.93; 95% CI:1.54-10.02; p<0.04) were found to be significantly associated with the chance of developing GDM in regression analysis. Pregnant women located in urban India for more than three years were 2.48 times more likely to have GDM as compared to those who were residing for lesser duration.Conclusions: As more women reside in urban localities and experience childbearing at a higher age, burden of diabetes mellitus in the community increases. This rising prevalence indicates importance of prevalence studies in a changing Indian geography.

scholarly journals Physical activity, sedentary behaviors and risk of gestational diabetes mellitus: a population-based cross-sectional study in Tianjin, China

2016 ◽  
Vol 174 (6) ◽  
pp. 763-773 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junhong Leng ◽  
Gongshu Liu ◽  
Cuiping Zhang ◽  
Shijuan Xin ◽  
Fang Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Challenge Test ◽  
Sitting Time ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
High Physical Activity ◽  
Increased Risk

Objective Physical activity in a nonpregnant state or before pregnancy reduces the risk of type 2 diabetes and is also associated with reduced risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). However, it is uncertain whether physical activity during pregnancy reduces the risk of GDM. Design and methods Using an established universal screening system in Tianjin, China, we prospectively recruited 11 450 pregnant women within the 12th gestational week from 2010 to 2012. These women underwent a 50-g 1-h glucose challenge test (GCT) at 24–28 weeks of gestation and a 75-g 2-h oral glucose tolerance test if GCT glucose ≥7.8mmol/L. GDM was defined according to the International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Group’s criteria. Self-reported physical activity in the last month was collected at GCT time using a validated questionnaire. Results GDM developed in 7.3% (n=840) of the women. Women with GDM were less likely to be engaged in moderate-to-high physical activity during pregnancy than those without (79.8% vs 81.6%, P=0.191). Moderate-to-high physical activity during pregnancy was associated with decreased risk of GDM (multivariable odds ratio (OR): 0.81, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.67–0.97). Sitting at home for 2–4h per day and >4h per day were associated with significantly increased risk of GDM (multivariable OR of sitting time for 2–4h vs <2h: 1.59, 95% CI: 1.18–2.15; OR of sitting time for >4h vs <2h: 1.73, 95% CI: 1.22–2.43). Conclusions Increased physical activity during pregnancy was associated with reduced GDM risk, whereas sedentary lifestyle was associated with increased GDM risk among Chinese pregnant women.

scholarly journals The application of 50g oral glucose challenge test in screening for gestational diabetes mellitus in patients attending antenatal care OPD

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 1952
Author(s):  
Disha Andhiwal Rajput ◽  
Jaya Kundan Gedam
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Gestational Hypertension ◽  
Challenge Test ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Average Risk ◽  
Glucose Challenge Test ◽  
Glucose Challenge

Background: To screen patients at average risk for Gestational Diabetes using 50g Glucose Challenge test, to ascertain the prevalence of Gestational diabetes through further diagnostic testing and to prevent and manage complications. Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is defined as carbohydrate intolerance of variable severity with onset or first recognition during pregnancy. Women with GDM are at risk for maternal and foetal complications, so it is important to screen all the pregnant woman.Methods: This study was conducted in 198 patients between 24 and 28 weeks of gestation, attending the Antenatal clinic. 50g oral glucose is administered irrespective of time of the last meal and plasma glucose is measured one hour later. Patients with plasma glucose levels more than 140 mg/dl were subjected to a 100g oral glucose tolerance test, patients with two or more abnormal reading were labelled as GDM and managed accordingly.Results: Prevalence of GDM in our study was 9.59%. Maternal complications like gestational hypertension, vaginal infections and foetal complications were much higher in GDM patients as compare to non GDM group.Conclusions: GDM is a disease which adversely affects both mother as well as foetus. It is concluded that 50 gm glucose challenge test at 24-28 weeks of gestation with a cut-off value of 140 mg/dl is a reliable screening test for GDM. This test offers the best combination of ease and economy of use and reproducibility in screening for gestational diabetes mellitus in average risk patients.

scholarly journals One step oral glucose challenge test as screening and diagnostic test for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 42-45
Author(s):  
Manisha Yadav ◽  
Gehanath Baral
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Diagnostic Test ◽  
Challenge Test ◽  
Single Step ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Fasting State ◽  
Glucose Challenge Test ◽  
Glucose Challenge

Aim: The Diabetes in Pregnancy Study Group of India (DIPSI, 2010) guidelines recommend the non-fasting 75-g oral glucose challenge test (OGCT) as a single-step screening and diagnostic test for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). The aim of this study was to assess the validity of DIPSI criteria by comparing with the World Health Organization (WHO) 1999 criteria of diagnosing GDM. Methods: This study was a hospital based prospective comparative study conducted among 282 pregnant women, of gestational age of 24-28 weeks attending antenatal OPD of Patan hospital. The OGCT was performed on them irrespective of fasting state and without any dietary preparation and they were again asked to come after 3 days of unrestricted carbohydrate diet in fasting state for WHO 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) with 75 gram of glucose load. The value of OGCT >140 mg/dl is diagnostic of GDM (DIPSI 2010). For the reliability of this test, it was compared with WHO 2-hour OGTT. Results: Among the study population, the mean age and BMI was 26.04±4.50 and 24.08±3.30 respectively. Out of 282 patients, 8 cases (2.83%) were found to have abnormal non-fasting 75-g OGCT and 4 cases (1.41%) had abnormal WHO 2-hour OGTT. Paired t test was employed to examine the difference of blood glucose level of the tests. There was statistically significant difference (p<0.001) between the tests. The Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of oral glucose challenge test was 25%, 97.48%, 12.5% and 98.90% respectively. The non- fasting 75-g OGCT was able to detect only 25% of the cases. Conclusions: Though the non-fasting 75-g OGCT test is cost effective and more compliant to pregnant women, the present report suggests that it cannot be used as a single step screening and diagnostic test because of its low sensitivity. However, it is an adequate alternative for screening test in resources limited areas.

scholarly journals Prevalance of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in Overweight Pregnant Women in Urban Antenatal Clinic at 24-28 Weeks of Gestation

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 55-62
Author(s):  
Rinku Joshi ◽  
Rosy Malla ◽  
Madhur Dev Bhattarai ◽  
Dhan Bahadur Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Screening Test ◽  
Challenge Test ◽  
Antenatal Clinic ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference

Introduction: Diabetes has become a significant health problem all over the world and its prevalence is increasing rapidly, including in Nepal. Prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is directly related to the prevalence of type 2 diabetes. Women who areoverweight or obese before they become pregnant are more at risk of GDM irrespective of other factors.Though the risk of developing GDM in shown to be higher in overweight or obese women, there are very few studies done to show such observation in the urban population of Nepal.Methods: This was a hospital based cross-sectional prospective study conducted among the women attending ante partum clinic, in a tertiary level hospital, located at Lalitpur for one-year duration in 2009. All overweight (pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI)>23) urban women at 24-28 weeks of gestation were enrolled.Fasting blood glucose, screening 50-g oral glucose challenge test(OGTT) and 2-hr OGTT following overnight fastingwas done as per need based on their test results and GDM was diagnosed based on standard guidelines.Results: Out of 256 women majority of women had BMI >25 kg/m2 (n=180),and 151(59%) were multiparous and 105 (41%) were primiparas. Positive screening test was obtained in 51 women (19.9%).The incidence of GDM by ADA and WHO criteria was 10 (3.9%) and 16 (6.3%) respectively. There was statistically non-significant difference in the rate of positive screening test and BMI (p=0.09). The abnormal screening test between primiparous and multiparous was significant (p=0.01).Conclusion: This study showed a high pre-pregnancy BMI and the incidence of GDMamong the patients enrolled. The rate of positive screening test is also higher than the previous studies so, GDM is a growing issue and must be well addressed.

scholarly journals Prevalence and cause of gestational diabetes mellitus in a tertiary care center in Kolar district: a population based study

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 2709
Author(s):  
Poojita Tummala ◽  
Munikrishna M. ◽  
Kiranmayee P.
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Family History ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Family History Of Diabetes ◽  
History Of

Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is carbohydrate intolerance at the onset of pregnancy which induces pathological short term or long term outcomes for both mother and baby. The aim of the present study was to know the prevalence of GDM in pregnant women who were attending the antenatal care (ANC) center at a tertiary care hospital in Kolar, Karnataka, India.Methods: This prospective study was conducted in Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sri Devaraj Urs Medical College, a constituent of Sri Devaraj Urs Academy of Higher Education and Research, Kolar, Karnataka, India. The duration of the study was two months. In this study, 108 pregnant women above 24 weeks of gestation were screened for GDM by oral glucose tolerance test. Fasting 2 milli liter blood was collected and were given 75 grams of glucose in 200 milli liters of water and asked to drink within 5 minutes. Again 2 milli liters venous blood was collected after 1 hour and 2 hours from all participants. Plasma sample was used for the estimation of glucose by glucose oxidase and peroxidase (GOD-POD) method.Results: Out of 108, 12 women (11.1%) were diagnosed with GDM. The prevalence rate was higher in the age group of 26-30 years (41.6%).  Among 12 diabetic women, five (47.2%) exercised regularly and seven (58.3%) did not doing exercise. Out of 12 GDM subjects, eight of them had family history of diabetes in first degree relatives; among which one was hypertensive and five were suffering from thyroid problems.Conclusions: In the present study, the prevalence of GDM was found to be 11.1%. Prevalence of GDM might be influenced by increasing age, pre pregnancy weight, family history of diabetes, past history of pregnancy complications, status of literacy and exercise.

scholarly journals Unique Biomarker Characteristics in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Identified by LC-MS-Based Metabolic Profiling

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Xingjun Meng ◽  
Bo Zhu ◽  
Yan Liu ◽  
Lei Fang ◽  
Binbin Yin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Docosapentaenoic Acid ◽  
Negative Ion ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Specificity And Sensitivity ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Normal Controls

Background. Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a type of glucose intolerance disorder that first occurs during women’s pregnancy. The main diagnostic method for GDM is based on the midpregnancy oral glucose tolerance test. The rise of metabolomics has expanded the opportunity to better identify early diagnostic biomarkers and explore possible pathogenesis. Methods. We collected blood serum from 34 GDM patients and 34 normal controls for a LC-MS-based metabolomics study. Results. 184 metabolites were increased and 86 metabolites were decreased in the positive ion mode, and 65 metabolites were increased and 71 were decreased in the negative ion mode. Also, it was found that the unsaturated fatty acid metabolism was disordered in GDM. Ten metabolites with the most significant differences were selected for follow-up studies. Since the diagnostic specificity and sensitivity of a single differential metabolite are not definitive, we combined these metabolites to prepare a ROC curve. We found a set of metabolite combination with the highest sensitivity and specificity, which included eicosapentaenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, docosapentaenoic acid, arachidonic acid, citric acid, α-ketoglutaric acid, and genistein. The area under the curves (AUC) value of those metabolites was 0.984 between the GDM and control group. Conclusions. Our results provide a direction for the mechanism of GDM research and demonstrate the feasibility of developing a diagnostic test that can distinguish between GDM and normal controls clearly. Our findings were helpful to develop novel biomarkers for precision or personalized diagnosis for GDM. In addition, we provide a critical insight into the pathological and biological mechanisms for GDM.

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