Tubular electrospun scaffolds tested in vivo for tissue engineering

Tissue engineering has been widely used for its great variety of functions. It has been seen as a solution to satisfy the need for vascular substitutes like small diameter vessels, veins, and nerves. One of the most used methods is electrospinning, due to the fact that it allows the use of various polymers, sizes, mandrels and it can adjust the conditions to create personalized scaffolds. For the creation of scaffolds is fundamental to understand the advantages and disadvantages of each polymer, of this, will depend the biodegradability, biocompatibility, porosity, cellular adhesion, and cell proliferation as it is essential to mimic the extracellular matrix and provide structural support for the cells. The aim of this review was to investigate which materials are being used for the creation of tubular scaffolds by electrospinning. Here we selected only in vivo evaluation to demonstrate remodeling of the grafts into native-like tissues, in vitro evaluations had been excluded from this review. We analyze the conditions like speed, distance and voltage and the modifications like growth factors and combinations of natural and synthetic polymers that allow the authors to have a functional scaffold that will suit its purpose.

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Scaffolds in tissue engineering of blood vessels

Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology ◽

10.1139/y10-073 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 88 (9) ◽

pp. 855-873 ◽

Cited By ~ 60

Author(s):

Divya Pankajakshan ◽

Devendra K. Agrawal

Keyword(s):

Tissue Engineering ◽

Extracellular Matrix ◽

Blood Vessels ◽

Vascular Tissue ◽

Small Diameter ◽

Biological Scaffolds ◽

Hemodynamic Forces ◽

Biodegradable Scaffolds

Tissue engineering of small diameter (<5 mm) blood vessels is a promising approach for developing viable alternatives to autologous vascular grafts. It involves in vitro seeding of cells onto a scaffold on which the cells attach, proliferate, and differentiate while secreting the components of extracellular matrix that are required for creating the tissue. The scaffold should provide the initial requisite mechanical strength to withstand in vivo hemodynamic forces until vascular smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts reinforce the extracellular matrix of the vessel wall. Hence, the choice of scaffold is crucial for providing guidance cues to the cells to behave in the required manner to produce tissues and organs of the desired shape and size. Several types of scaffolds have been used for the reconstruction of blood vessels. They can be broadly classified as biological scaffolds, decellularized matrices, and polymeric biodegradable scaffolds. This review focuses on the different types of scaffolds that have been designed, developed, and tested for tissue engineering of blood vessels, including use of stem cells in vascular tissue engineering.

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Gellan Gum Injectable Hydrogels for Cartilage Tissue Engineering Applications: In Vitro Studies and Preliminary In Vivo Evaluation

Tissue Engineering Part A ◽

10.1089/ten.tea.2009.0117 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. 343-353 ◽

Cited By ~ 104

Author(s):

João T. Oliveira ◽

Tírcia C. Santos ◽

Luís Martins ◽

Ricardo Picciochi ◽

Alexandra P. Marques ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tissue Engineering ◽

Cartilage Tissue Engineering ◽

Gellan Gum ◽

In Vitro Studies ◽

Cartilage Tissue ◽

Engineering Applications ◽

In Vivo Evaluation ◽

Injectable Hydrogels

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In vitro and in vivo evaluation of the marine sponge skeleton as a bone mimicking biomaterial

Integrative Biology ◽

10.1039/c4ib00289j ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 250-262 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

Samit K. Nandi ◽

Biswanath Kundu ◽

Arnab Mahato ◽

Narsinh L. Thakur ◽

Siddhartha N. Joardar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tissue Engineering ◽

Bone Tissue Engineering ◽

Bone Tissue ◽

Marine Sponge ◽

Marine Sponges ◽

In Vivo Evaluation

This investigation was carried out to identify and characterize marine sponges as potential bioscaffolds in bone tissue engineering.

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Full cell infiltration and thick tissue formation in vivo in tailored electrospun scaffolds

10.1101/2020.02.19.955948 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Jip Zonderland ◽

Silvia Rezzola ◽

David Gomes ◽

Sandra Camarero Espinosa ◽

Ana Henriques Ferreira Lourenço ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tissue Engineering ◽

Fiber Diameter ◽

Cell Infiltration ◽

Tissue Formation ◽

Cell Seeding ◽

Subcutaneous Implantation ◽

Electrospun Scaffolds ◽

Limited Depth

AbstractElectrospun (ESP) scaffolds are a promising type of tissue engineering constructs for large defects with limited depth. To form new functional tissue, the scaffolds need to be infiltrated with cells, which will deposit extracellular matrix. However, due to dense fiber packing and small pores, cell and tissue infiltration of ESP scaffolds is limited. Here, we combine two established methods, increasing fiber diameter and co-spinning sacrificial fibers, to create a porous ESP scaffold that allows robust tissue infiltration. Full cell infiltration across 2 mm thick scaffolds is seen 3 weeks after subcutaneous implantation in rats. After 6 weeks, the ESP scaffolds are almost fully filled with de novo tissue. Cell infiltration and tissue formation in vivo in this thickness has not been previously achieved. In addition, we propose a novel method for in vitro cell seeding to improve cell infiltration and a model to study 3D migration through a fibrous mesh. This easy approach to facilitate cell infiltration further improves previous efforts and could greatly aid tissue engineering approaches utilizing ESP scaffolds.Statement of significanceElectrospinning creates highly porous scaffolds with nano- to micrometer sized fibers and are a promising candidate for a variety of tissue engineering applications. However, smaller fibers also create small pores which are difficult for cells to penetrate, restricting cells to the top layers of the scaffolds. Here, we have improved the cell infiltration by optimizing fiber diameter and by co-spinning a sacrificial polymer. We developed novel culture technique that can be used to improve cell seeding and to study cytokine driven 3D migration through fibrous meshes. After subcutaneous implantation, infiltration of tissue and cells was observed up to throughout up to 2 mm thick scaffolds. This depth of infiltration in vivo had not yet been reported for electrospun scaffolds. The scaffolds we present here can be used for in vitro studies of migration, and for tissue engineering in defects with a large surface area and limited depth.

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Dexamethasone loaded bilayered 3D tubular scaffold reduces restenosis at the anastomotic site of tracheal replacement: in vitro and in vivo assessments

Nanoscale ◽

10.1039/c9nr10341d ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (8) ◽

pp. 4846-4858 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Sang Jin Lee ◽

Ji Suk Choi ◽

Min Rye Eom ◽

Ha Hyeon Jo ◽

Il Keun Kwon ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tissue Engineering ◽

Patient Specific ◽

Anastomotic Site ◽

Tubular Scaffold ◽

Recent Developments ◽

Tracheal Tissue ◽

The Creation ◽

Tracheal Replacement

Despite recent developments in the tracheal tissue engineering field, the creation of a patient specific substitute possessing both appropriate mechanical and biointerfacial properties remains challenging.

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Ether-Oxygen Containing Electrospun Microfibrous and Sub-Microfibrous Scaffolds Based on Poly(butylene 1,4-cyclohexanedicarboxylate) for Skeletal Muscle Tissue Engineering

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms19103212 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 19 (10) ◽

pp. 3212 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Nora Bloise ◽

Emanuele Berardi ◽

Chiara Gualandi ◽

Elisa Zaghi ◽

Matteo Gigli ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Tissue Engineering ◽

Muscle Tissue ◽

Skeletal Muscle Tissue ◽

Cell Alignment ◽

Fibre Direction ◽

Electrospun Scaffolds ◽

Fibre Morphology

We report the study of novel biodegradable electrospun scaffolds from poly(butylene 1,4-cyclohexandicarboxylate-co-triethylene cyclohexanedicarboxylate) (P(BCE-co-TECE)) as support for in vitro and in vivo muscle tissue regeneration. We demonstrate that chemical composition, i.e., the amount of TECE co-units (constituted of polyethylene glycol-like moieties), and fibre morphology, i.e., aligned microfibrous or sub-microfibrous scaffolds, are crucial in determining the material biocompatibility. Indeed, the presence of ether linkages influences surface wettability, mechanical properties, hydrolytic degradation rate, and density of cell anchoring points of the studied materials. On the other hand, electrospun scaffolds improve cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation by favouring cell alignment along fibre direction (fibre morphology), also allowing for better cell infiltration and oxygen and nutrient diffusion (fibre size). Overall, C2C12 myogenic cells highly differentiated into mature myotubes when cultured on microfibres realised with the copolymer richest in TECE co-units (micro-P73 mat). Lastly, when transplanted in the tibialis anterior muscles of healthy, injured, or dystrophic mice, micro-P73 mat appeared highly vascularised, colonised by murine cells and perfectly integrated with host muscles, thus confirming the suitability of P(BCE-co-TECE) scaffolds as substrates for skeletal muscle tissue engineering.

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Biocompatibility and biodegradation properties of polycaprolactone/polydioxanone composite scaffolds prepared by blend or co-electrospinning

Journal of Bioactive and Compatible Polymers ◽

10.1177/0883911519835569 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 34 (2) ◽

pp. 115-130 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Xin Zhou ◽

Yiwa Pan ◽

Ruihua Liu ◽

Xin Luo ◽

Xianyan Zeng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tissue Engineering ◽

Mechanical Strength ◽

Structural Characteristics ◽

Tissue Engineering Scaffold ◽

Morphological Properties ◽

Composite Scaffolds ◽

Electrospun Scaffolds ◽

Hybrid Scaffolds

Electrospun polymer scaffolds are regarded as an ideal tissue engineering scaffold due to similar morphological properties with the native extracellular matrix. Among these, polycaprolactone is widely used to fabricate electrospun fibrous scaffolds due to its excellent biocompatibility, good mechanical properties, and ease of manufacture. However, its low biodegradation rate has a negative influence on its application in tissue engineering scaffold. To address this issue, this study prepared hybrid scaffolds composed of polycaprolactone and polydioxanone (a fast-degrading polyether-ester) via either the blend or co-electrospinning. Subsequently, the structural characteristics, mechanical strength, in vitro/vivo degradation, cellularization, and vascularization of two kinds of hybrid scaffolds were evaluated to decide which method is more suitable for producing tissue engineering scaffolds. The incorporation of polydioxanone increased the mechanical strength of both composite scaffolds. Moreover, co-electrospun scaffolds exhibited improved hydrophilicity compared to blend scaffolds. The results of in vitro and in vivo degradation studies showed that the degradation rate of both composite scaffolds was faster than that of neat polycaprolactone scaffolds due to the incorporated polydioxanone component. Especially in co-electrospun scaffolds, the fast degradation of polydioxanone fiber gave rise to larger pore size, thus leading to faster cellularization and better vascularization compared to blend scaffolds. Therefore, co-electrospinning was demonstrated to be superior to blend electrospinning for the preparation of composite scaffolds. Co-electrospun polycaprolactone–polydioxanone scaffolds may be promising candidates for tissue engineering.

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Poly(3-Hydroxybutyrate)-Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes Electrospun Scaffolds Modified with Curcumin

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym12112588 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (11) ◽

pp. 2588

Author(s):

Nader Tanideh ◽

Negar Azarpira ◽

Najmeh Sarafraz ◽

Shahrokh Zare ◽

Aida Rowshanghiyas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Carbon Nanotubes ◽

Tissue Engineering ◽

Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes ◽

Inflammatory Reaction ◽

3D Structure ◽

Hydrolytic Degradation ◽

Multiwalled Carbon ◽

Electrospun Scaffolds

Appropriate selection of suitable materials and methods is essential for scaffolds fabrication in tissue engineering. The major challenge is to mimic the structure and functions of the extracellular matrix (ECM) of the native tissues. In this study, an optimized 3D structure containing poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (P3HB), multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MCNTs) and curcumin (CUR) was created by electrospinning a novel biomimetic scaffold. CUR, a natural anti-inflammatory compound, has been selected as a bioactive component to increase the biocompatibility and reduce the potential inflammatory reaction of electrospun scaffolds. The presence of CUR in electrospun scaffolds was confirmed by 1H NMR and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed highly interconnected porosity of the obtained 3D structures. Addition of up to 20 wt% CUR has enhanced mechanical properties of the scaffolds. CUR has also promoted in vitro bioactivity and hydrolytic degradation of the electrospun nanofibers. The developed P3HB-MCNT composite scaffolds containing 20 wt% of CUR revealed excellent in vitro cytocompatibility using mesenchymal stem cells and in vivo biocompatibility in rat animal model study. Importantly, the reduced inflammatory reaction in the rat model after 8 weeks of implantation has also been observed for scaffolds modified with CUR. Overall, newly developed P3HB-MCNTs-CUR electrospun scaffolds have demonstrated their high potential for tissue engineering applications.

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Superparamagnetic Core–Shell Electrospun Scaffolds with Sustained Release of IONPs Facilitating in vitro and in vivo Bone Regeneration

Journal of Materials Chemistry B ◽

10.1039/d1tb01261d ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Shuying Hu ◽

Hanbang Chen ◽

Fang Zhou ◽

Jun Liu ◽

Yun Zhu Qian ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tissue Engineering ◽

Sustained Release ◽

Mechanical Strength ◽

Bone Tissue Engineering ◽

Bone Regeneration ◽

Core Shell ◽

Electrospun Scaffolds ◽

Dental Implantation

Bone tissue engineering (BTE) is a promising approach to recover insufficient bone in dental implantation. However, the clinical application of BTE scaffolds is limited by their low mechanical strength and...

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