Clinical study and management of hydrocephalus in children

Background: Hydrocephalus is a condition in which an accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) occurs within the brain. Hydrocephalus can occur at any age, but it is more common in infants. Long-term complications of hydrocephalus can vary widely and are often difficult to predict and may result in significant intellectual, developmental and physical disabilities. Ventriculoperitoneal shunt remains mainstay of treatment even today as it is easily available and inexpensive.Methods: The study was conducted in Dr. V. M. Government Medical College and Hospital located in Solapur (Maharashtra) from September 2016 to 2018. It was a prospective descriptive study. 30 cases up to the age 14 years with diagnosis of hydrocephalus undergoing VP (ventriculo-peritoneal) shunt surgery were included in the study.Results: Aqueductal stenosis and tuberculous meningitis were the commonest causes of congenital and acquired hydrocephalus in children respectively. Shunt infection and shunt obstruction were the commonest post-operative complications required shunt revision. Low birth weight and other associated congenital anomalies increased the mortality rate.Conclusions: VP shunt placement has been the main treatment modality for hydrocephalus. VP shunts procedures are associated with complications and morbidity. Number of revision shunt procedures, low birth weight, associated congenital anomalies adversely affected the final surgical outcome.

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Investigation of Metronidazole Use during Pregnancy and Adverse Birth Outcomes

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy ◽

10.1128/aac.06477-11 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 56 (9) ◽

pp. 4800-4805 ◽

Cited By ~ 46

Author(s):

Catherine A. Koss ◽

Dana C. Baras ◽

Sandra D. Lane ◽

Richard Aubry ◽

Michele Marcus ◽

...

Keyword(s):

New York ◽

Birth Weight ◽

Preterm Birth ◽

Low Birth Weight ◽

Congenital Anomalies ◽

New York State ◽

Multivariable Analysis ◽

Preterm Births ◽

First Trimester ◽

First Trimester Of Pregnancy

ABSTRACTTo assess whether treatment with metronidazole during pregnancy is associated with preterm birth, low birth weight, or major congenital anomalies, we conducted chart reviews and an analysis of electronic data from a cohort of women delivering at an urban New York State hospital. Of 2,829 singleton/mother pairs, 922 (32.6%) mothers were treated with metronidazole for clinical indications, 348 (12.3%) during the first trimester of pregnancy and 553 (19.5%) in the second or third trimester. There were 333 (11.8%) preterm births, 262 (9.3%) infants of low birth weight, and 52 infants (1.8%) with congenital anomalies. In multivariable analysis, no association was found between metronidazole treatment and preterm birth (odds ratio [OR], 1.02 [95% confidence interval [CI], 0.80 to 1.32]), low birth weight (OR, 1.05 [95% CI, 0.77 to 1.43]), or treatment in the first trimester and congenital anomalies (OR, 0.86 [0.30 to 2.45]). We found no association between metronidazole treatment during the first or later trimesters of pregnancy and preterm birth, low birth weight, or congenital anomalies.

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Very Low Birth Weight Outcomes

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.89.2.357a ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 89 (2) ◽

pp. 357-357

Author(s):

HELEN HARRISON

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Low Birth Weight ◽

Neonatal Intensive Care ◽

Very Low Birth Weight ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Low Birth Weight Infants ◽

Randomized Controlled Clinical Trials ◽

Weight Outcomes ◽

Term Evaluation

To the Editor.— The authors of the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development report on neonatal care1 found "important" variations among neonatal intensive care units in philosophies of treatment, methods of treatment, and short-term outcomes. In a recent meta-analysis of follow-up studies,2 researchers document a similarly haphazard approach to the long-term evaluation of very low birth weight survivors. Until randomized controlled clinical trials validate the safety and efficacy of neonatal therapies, and until long-term outcomes are assessed accurately, the treatment of very low birth weight infants should be declared experimental.

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Evaluation the causes of mortalities among low-birth-weight new-borns in NICU, MGM medical college and LSK hospital in Kishanganj

MedPulse International Journal of Pediatrics ◽

10.26611/10141721 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (2) ◽

pp. 15-19

Author(s):

Kunal Anand ◽

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Low Birth Weight ◽

Medical College

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IGF-I in extremely low birth weight (ELBW): a long-term observation

Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism ◽

10.1515/jpem.2011.996 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 24 (9-10) ◽

Author(s):

Zvi Zadik

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Low Birth Weight ◽

Extremely Low Birth Weight ◽

Igf I ◽

Long Term Observation

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Analysis of Cardiotocography Findings in Pregnancy with Less Fetal Movement and Its Association with Perinatal Outcome

Medicine Today ◽

10.3329/medtoday.v30i1.35558 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 30 (1) ◽

pp. 19-22

Author(s):

Ummay Salma ◽

Mahe Jabeen ◽

Sabiha Shimul ◽

Dilruba Akhter

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Low Birth Weight ◽

Perinatal Outcome ◽

Neonatal Death ◽

Birth Asphyxia ◽

Fetal Movement ◽

Neonatal Unit ◽

Normal Vaginal Delivery ◽

Early Neonatal Death ◽

Medical College

Less fetal movement affects perinatal outcome. To examine association between antenatal CTG findings and perinatal outcome in women with less fetal movement. This prospective observational study was conducted in the department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kumudini Women's Medical College and Hospital, Mirzapur, Tangail over a period of six months from January 2015 to June 2015. It included 100 pregnant women after 34 weeks of gestation. They underwent a cardiotocogram (CTG) test. Data were collected by face-to-face interview, observation and document review. The mean age of the women was 24.37±4.62 (SD) years and mean gestational age was 38.48±2.15 weeks. In this study, 82.0% of the cases presented at term pregnancy, 42.0% of the women were primi gravida and rest falls between 2nd to 4th gravida. Normal vaginal delivery was in 59.0% cases and rest were undergone caesarean sections (41.0%). Late deceleration with decreased variability was (23.5%) most common. Incidence of low birth weight was 16.0% & macrosomia was 5.0%. Birth asphyxia was found in 52.0% cases, 49.0% needed immediate resuscitation, 35.0% were admitted into neonatal unit and early neonatal death was 8.0%. Birth asphyxia was significantly higher in non-reassuring [37(72.5%)] than reassuring [15(30.6%)] on CTG. Incidence of low birth weight was higher in non-reassuring [11(21.6%)] than in reassuring [5(10.2%)] on CTG (p>0.05). Early neonatal death was more in respondents with non-reassuring [5(9.8%)] on CTG than reassuring [3(6.1%)] on CTG (p>0.05). Twenty six (51.0%) neonatal of the non-reassuring were admitted into neonatal unit whereas only 9 (18.4%) neonatal of the reassuring were admitted into neonatal unit. It can be concluded that CTG may be the first line investigation for ante and intrapartum fetal assessment.Medicine Today 2018 Vol.30(1): 19-22

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Role of Sequential Functional Echocardiography in Predicting Clinically Apparent Patent Ductus Arteriosus in Preterm Very Low Birth Weight Newborns-An Observational Study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-125742/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Anchala Bhardwaj ◽

ARVIND SAILI ◽

Dinesh Kumar Yadav ◽

Ajay Kumar

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Low Birth Weight ◽

Patent Ductus Arteriosus ◽

Left Atrial ◽

Very Low Birth Weight ◽

Ductus Arteriosus ◽

Preterm Neonates ◽

Predictive Utility ◽

Patent Ductus

Abstract Background The management of patent ductus arteriosus in preterm neonates continues to be a topic of discussion and controversy. Prolonged ductal patency in preterm neonates has been associated with significant short and long term morbidities and with increased mortality however, policy of routine treatment of all during neonatal period has failed to show significant improvement in long term outcome. Echocardiography has emerged as a promising modality to screen the newborns at risk of adverse effects of ductal shunting. This helps in identifying PDAs that require treatment to ultimately prevent unnecessary therapy or delay of necessary therapy. There are multitude of studies that have evaluated large number of echocardiographic markers for their predictive utility but only few have included all ductal markers together in a single study. The reported sensitivity (26-100%) and specificity (6-100%) of echocardiographic markers vary over a wide range. Thus, this study was planned with an aim to assess the predictive utility of all available ductal markers and their added advantage of having all over few ones in clinically apparent PDA in preterm VLBW newborns.Methods It was an observational prospective study conducted in tertiary care NICU at Lady Hardinge Medical College, Delhi. Fifty preterm very low birth weight (VLBW) newborns underwent four sequential Echo scans within first 72 hrs; first scan within 12 hours then at 24 hrs ,48 hrs and 72 hrs of age and were monitored clinically for the signs of PDA up to two weeks of life or discharge whichever comes later.Results The Ductal diameter, pulsatile ductal flow pattern, Left pulmonary artery (LPA) velocity, Left atrial to aortic width (La/Ao) ratio, Left atrial volume index (LAVI), Left ventricle to aortic width (Lv/Ao) ratio, E/A ratio and Left ventricular output/superior vena caval (LVO/SVC) flow ratio predicted clinically apparent PDA during first 72 hours of life.Conclusion This study provides insights into the predictive utility of other ductal echo markers along with the routinely measured conventional ones during first 72 hours of life in preterm VLBW newborns.

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Effect of maternal anaemia on birth weight of term babies

International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics ◽

10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20181533 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

pp. 1019

Author(s):

Mohandas Nair ◽

Gireesh S. ◽

Rubeena Yakoob ◽

Cheriyan N. C.

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Low Birth Weight ◽

Head Circumference ◽

Adult Life ◽

Anthropometric Measures ◽

Maternal Anaemia ◽

Medical College ◽

Anemia During Pregnancy ◽

The Difference ◽

Long Term Impact

Background: Low birth weight is the major determinant of mortality, morbidity and disability in infancy and childhood and has a long-term impact on health outcome in adult life. The objectives of this study were to study the relationship between maternal anemia and birth weight of babies and to study anthropometric measures of babies born to anemic and non-anemic mothers and to correlate the timing of anemia with birth weight of babies.Methods: Term babies born in Institute of Maternal and Child Health, Government Medical College, Kozhikode from November 2014 to October 2016 fulfilling the criteria were divided into 2 groups, cases (term babies with birth weight <2500g) and controls (term babies with weight >2500g) and studied and their maternal hemoglobin values were compared.Results: Maternal anaemia in all three trimesters was found to be more in cases compared to controls. Mean 1st trimester hemoglobin of cases was 10.68 g/dl which was significantly lower when compared to controls. Mean 2nd trimester hemoglobin of cases was 10.36 g/dl compared to 11.47 g/dl in controls. Mean 3rd trimester hemoglobin of cases was 10.42 g/dl which was also significantly lower compared to 11.32 g/dl in controls. SGA babies were also found to be more in cases, 89%, compared to 18% in controls. The difference in head circumference between two groups was not statistically significant. Mean length of babies were higher in controls compared to cases. Mothers with anemia at any time during pregnancy was found to have 4.3 times higher risk of giving birth to low birth weight babies compared to non-anemic mothersConclusion: Anemia during pregnancy is a risk factor for low birth weight and SGA, independent of the trimester. Length of babies born to anaemic mothers is also low. But it does not have a significant effect on head circumference of babies.

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IMPACT OF MULTIPLE BIRTHS ON THE OUTCOME IN EXTREMELY LOW BIRTH WEIGHT NEWBORNS

Journal of IMAB - Annual Proceeding (Scientific Papers) ◽

10.5272/jimab.2021273.3985 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 27 (3) ◽

pp. 3985-3991

Author(s):

Victoria Atanasova ◽

◽

Petar Ivanov ◽

Elitsa Gyokova ◽

Desislava Georgieva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Low Birth Weight ◽

Assisted Reproductive Technologies ◽

Ductus Arteriosus ◽

Intraventricular Haemorrhage ◽

Reproductive Technologies ◽

University Hospital ◽

Extremely Low Birth Weight ◽

Gastrointestinal Problems

Objective: To evaluate the outcome of the extremely low birth weight newborns (ELBWNs) from single and twin pregnancies. Material and methods: The study lasts from 2005 to 2017 and includes all life born ELBWNs treated in University Hospital, Pleven, Bulgaria. Patients' groups: singletons (1) and twins (2); twins conceived naturally(2.1) and after assisted reproductive technologies – ART(2.2). Results: One hundred and eighty two (182) ELBWNs are examined, 65 (35.7%) of them are twins. The twins, compared to singletons, are significantly more often conceived by ART (47.7 vs 4.3%, p<0.001) and significantly more rarely infected prenatally (18 vs 41%, p 0.002). The survival rate is 51.3% for singletons and 56.6% for twins, NS. Survived twins (n 37) achieve later their optimal nutritive tolerance (30±11 vs 25±10 days, p 0.046), require more blood transfusions (3.6±1.9 vs 2.6±1.8 per patient, p 0.009) and longer mechanical ventilation (16±15 vs 9±12 days, p 0.03) than survival singletons (n 60). The twins suffer more often from intraventricular haemorrhage (46 vs 18%, p 0.004), patent ductus arteriosus (35 vs 15%, p 0.02) and long-term complications (51 vs 30%, p 0.04) than singletons. ART-twins (n 31)compared to the subgroup 2.1 (n 34) are more frequently intubated in the delivery room (81 vs. 50%, p 0.01)but suffer less frequently from nosocomial infections (53 vs. 85%, p 0.03). Conclusions: According to our data, ELBW-twins frequently suffer from respiratory, haemorrhagic, and gastrointestinal problems than ELBW-singletons, resulting in more long-term complications. Our study proves that ART does not influence the outcome in multiples.

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HUBUNGAN BBLR DAN ASI EKSLUSIF DENGAN KEJADIAN STUNTING DI PUSKESMAS LIMA PULUH PEKANBARU

Jurnal Endurance ◽

10.22216/jen.v3i1.1767 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 131

Author(s):

Lidia Fitri

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Low Birth Weight ◽

Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽

Health Centre ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

P Value ◽

Not Given ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Analysis Study

Stunting is one of the long-term indicators for malnutrition. Stunting prevalence in Indonesia about 37.2%. Babies born with low birth weight is 10.2% and the achievement of exclusive breastfeeding is 30.2%. Survey in Limapuluh Health Centre Pekanbaru, from 18 children who perform measurements, obtained 13 infants suffered stunting. The result of interviews showed that three of them were born with low birth weight (BBLR) and five are not given exclusive breastfeeding. This research is to find-out the correlation between low birth weight (BBLR) and exclusive breastfeeding with stunting in Limapuluh Health Centre Pekanbaru in 2017. This study was a quantitative analysis study used cross sectional strategy. Population consists of 300 people, sample consists of 75 people by accidental sampling technique. Analysis using univariat and bivariate. The result were 25 infant (33,3%) are stunting, 22 infant (29,3%) with low birth weight (BBLR) and not given exclusive breastfeeding are 55 infant (73,3%). There was a significant association between low birth weight (BBLR) with stunting was obtained p value 0.000 and association between exclusive breastfeeding with stunting was obtained p value 0.021 its mean p<0,05. There is a relationship between BBLR and exclusive breastfeeding with stunting events, the Ha accepted. Stunting merupakan salah satu indikasi buruknya status gizi pada anak. Prevalensi stunting di Indonesia sebesar 37,2%. Angka kejadian bayi dengan BBLR sebanyak 10,2% dan pencapaian ASI ekslusif 30,2%. Survey di Puskesmas Lima Puluh kota Pekanbaru Provinsi Riau didapatkan dari 18 orang balita yang di ukur, 13 orang diantaranya mengalami stunting. Hasil wawancara memperlihatkan bahwa 3 orang diantaranya lahir dengan BBLR dan 5 orang tidak diberikan ASI ekslusif. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui hubungan berat badan lahir rendah (BBLR) dan ASI ekslusif dengan kejadian stunting di Puskesmas Lima Puluh Pekanbaru. Jenis penelitian analitik kuantitatif dengan desain cross sectional. Populasi berjumlah 300 orang balita, sampel 75 responden dengan teknik accidental sampling. Analisis data secara univariat dan bivariat. Hasil penelitian diperoleh sebanyak 25 orang (33,3%) balita mengalami stunting, balita dengan BBLR sebanyak 22 orang (29,3%) dan yang tidak diberikan ASI ekslusif sebanyak 55 orang (73,3%). Ada hubungan yang bermakna antara berat badan lahir rendah (BBLR) dengan kejadian stunting dimana p value 0.000 dan terdapat hubungan antara pemberian ASI ekslusif dengan kejadian stunting diperoleh nilai p value 0.021 artinya p<0,05. Dapat disimpulkan terdapat hubungan antara BBLR dan ASI eklusif dengan kejadian stunting, maka Ha diterima.

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