scholarly journals A study to assess the prevalence of atypical organisms in pneumonia in children aged 1 month to 3 years by serum polymerase chain reaction in KIMS Hospital, Bangalore, India

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 1077
Author(s):  
H. S. Ramya ◽  
Anjana Gopi ◽  
Vivetha Elango
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Prospective Observational Study ◽  
Atypical Pneumonia ◽  
Beta Lactam ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Beta Lactam Antibiotics ◽  
Legionella Pneumonia ◽  
Atypical Pathogens ◽  
Chest X Ray ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Background: Atypical organisms are a common causative agent of pneumonia in children more than 3 years of age. Though atypical pathogens are said to cause relatively milder form of pneumonia severe manifestations can also occur.  Very few studies are available on the prevalence of atypical pneumonia in children less than 3 years. Hence in this study the prevalence of atypical organisms in pneumonia was identified by using serum Polymerase chain reaction (PCR).Methods: This is a prospective observational study conducted in children between 1 month to 3 years of age with clinical diagnosis of pneumonia admitted in wards and PICU in KIMS hospital. Authors excluded Immuno compromised children. Detailed history and clinical examination was done. Investigations - complete hemogram, Chest X-ray, blood Culture and sensitivity and serum PCR was done for a sample size of 50 children.Results: Among the three atypical organisms, Legionella pneumoniae was identified in 4% (2/50) cases by serum PCR.Conclusions: In this study it was found that the prevalence of 4%. Legionella pneumonia can be fatal in 10% of cases. Hence atypical pathogens like Legionella should be kept in mind even in children less than 3 years when pneumonia is not responding to beta lactam antibiotics, in such cases macrolides to be considered.

scholarly journals A study to assess the magnitude of atypical pneumonia by serum polymerase chain reaction in children aged 3 years to 18 years at Kempegowda Institute of Medical Sciences hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 1243
Author(s):  
Ramya H. S. ◽  
Anjana Gopi ◽  
Vivetha Elango ◽  
Mansi Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Hospital Stay ◽  
Length Of Hospital Stay ◽  
Atypical Pneumonia ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Viral Pathogens ◽  
Atypical Pathogens ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
High Degree

Background: Atypical organisms are a common causative agent of pneumonia in children more than 3 years of age, causing around 10-30% of the cases. Though atypical pathogens are said to cause relatively milder form of pneumonia as compared to other bacterial and viral pathogens, severe manifestations can also occur. Early identification of these pathogens can help in starting treatment with macrolides, which can reduce the length of hospital stay and mortality. Hence in this study the prevalence of atypical organisms was identified by using serum Polymerase chain reaction (PCR).Methods: This was a prospective observational study conducted in children between 3 years to 18 years of age with clinical diagnosis of pneumonia admitted in wards and PICU in KIMS hospital. Authors excluded Immunocompromised children. Detailed history and clinical examination was done. Investigations - complete hemogram, Chest Xray, blood Culture and sensitivity and serum PCR was done for a sample size of 100 children.Results: In this study among the three atypical organisms, Legionella pneumoniae was identified in 2% of the cases by serum PCR.Conclusions: In this study among the three atypical pathogens authors could only identify Legionella pneumoniae. Prevalence of Legionella pneumoniae was 2%. While treating children aged 3 years to 18 years with pneumonia, a high degree of suspicion of atypical pathogens is required, especially in Legionella because of its high mortality rate. In such circumstances adding macrolides along with other antibiotics will be beneficial to the patients outcome and duration of hospital stay.

scholarly journals DETEKSI GEN SHV PADA ISOLAT KLINIK Escherichia coli PENGHASIL EXTENDED SPECTRUM BETA−LACTAMASES (ESBLs) DENGAN METODE POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION (PCR) DARI URIN PASIEN DI RSUD Dr. SOETOMO SURABAYA

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-98
Author(s):  
Yulianto Ade Prasetya
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Clinical Microbiology Laboratory ◽  
Beta Lactam ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Beta Lactam Antibiotics ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamases ◽  
Polymerase Chain

 AbstrakEscherichia coli penghasil Extended Spectrum Beta Lactmases (ESBLs) bertanggungjawab terhadap terjadinya wabah infeksi nosokomial, peningkatan morbiditas dan mortalitas, serta peningkatan biaya kesehatan. Enzim yang diproduksi oleh gen SHV dari bakteri mampu menghidrolisis antibiotik sefotaksim dan seftazidim. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui prevalensi gen SHV pada isolat klinik E. coli penghasil ESBLs dari urin pasien yang merupakan koleksi Laboratorium Mikrobiologi Klinik RSUD Dr. Soetomo Surabaya pada bulan Januari-Februari 2014. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah observasional deskriptif dengan pendekatan molekuler. Deteksi gen SHV menggunakan metode Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) yang kemudian dilakukan elektroforesis dan divisualisasikan pada gel agarose 1,5%. Isolat E. coli yang positif membawa gen SHV ditunjukkan dengan adanya amplikon sebesar 867 bp. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dari 30 isolat, sebanyak 12 isolat (40%) positif mengandung gen SHV, dengan prevalensi tertinggi berada di Ruang Instalasi Rawat Jalan. Meropenem dan fosfomisin masih dapat digunakan untuk terapi penyakit yang disebabkan oleh E. coli penghasil ESBLs. Deteksi ESBLs secara genotipik penting dilakukan karena beberapa gen ESBLs menunjukkan resistensi yang berbeda terhadap antibiotik golongan beta laktam. Hasil tersebut memberi informasi kepada pihak rumah sakit manapun untuk mewaspadai prevalensi E. coli penghasil ESBLs melalui pengawasan yang ketat pelaksanaan pemberian antibiotika sesuai tata laksananya.Abstract Extended Spectrum Beta Lactmases (ESBLs) producing−Escherichia coli strains are responsible for the occurrence of nosocomial infection outbreaks, increase of morbidity and mortality, as well as increased healthcare costs. The enzyme produced by the SHV gene from bacteria are able to hydrolyze antibiotics of cefotaxime and cefazazim. The purpose of this study was to detect the presence of SHV gene in clinical ESBLs−producing E. coli isolates from patients’ urines which are collections of Clinical Microbiology Laboratory in Dr. Soetomo Hospital of Surabaya within period of January−February 2014. The research used descriptive observasional design with molecular approach. The SHV gene was detected by using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) method, then the products was performed by electrophoresis and visualized on 1.5% agarose gel. E. coli isolates that positively carrying the SHV gene were demonstrated in the presence of amplicons of 867 bp. The results showed that of 30 isolates, 12 isolates (40%) positively contained the SHV gene, with the highest prevalence being in the Outpatient Installation Room. Meropenem and fosfomycin can still be used for disease therapy caused by ESBLs−producing E. coli. Genotypic detection of ESBLs is important because some ESBLs genes exhibit different resistance to beta−lactam antibiotics. The result provides information to any hospital to be aware of the prevalence of ESBLs−producing E.coli through strict supervision of the implementation of antibiotics according to their administration.

scholarly journals Chest X-Ray in Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Infection: Findings and Correlation with Clinical Outcome at Level-3 Nepalgunj Medical College and Teaching Hospital Kohalpur

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-77
Author(s):  
Shyam Kumar BK ◽  
Sumit Pandey ◽  
Nabin Poudel ◽  
Sandesh Pandit ◽  
Alok Kumar Sah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Reverse Transcription ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Ground Glass ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Corona Virus ◽  
Chest X Ray ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Introduction: At the end of 2019 a novel virus, named SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2), expanded globally from China. A new coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), was identified as the cause of this outbreak of viral pneumonia that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Aims: The aim of this study is to find out the chest radiological features of corona virus disease patients and correlate them with clinical outcome. Methods: This is a Hospital based study involving patients with clinical-epidemiological aspect of all reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) corona virus disease (COVID-19) positive patients, who performed Chest X-Rays at the emergency department of Nepalgunj Medical College, Teaching Hospital from March to June, 2020. All patients performed reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction from nasopharyngeal and throat swab, Chest X-Ray at the Emergency Department and clinical-epidemiological data. Results: Patients with a reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction positive results for corona virus disease infection were 32 out of these, 22 were females (68.75%) and 10 males (31.25%), with a mean age of 40.78 years (range 20–74 years). Only 2 Chest X-Rays were negative for radiological thoracic involvement (6.25%).  The following alterations were more commonly observed among 30 patients: 18 patients with lung consolidations (56.25%), 19 (59.37%) with Ground Glass Opacities, 7 (21.87%) with nodules and 21 (65.6%) with reticular–nodular opacities. Patients with consolidations and Ground Glass Opacities coexisting in the same radiography were 34.37% of total. In reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction positive patients, we found also signs nonspecific for corona virus disease pneumonia as hilar or vascular congestion (37.5%), cardiomegaly (28.12%), pleural effusion (15.6%) and pneumothorax (3.12%). Peripheral (56.25%) and lower zone distribution (56.25%) were the most common predominance. Bilateral involvement (68.75%) was most frequent than unilateral one. Given the results, baseline Chest X-Rays sensitivity in our experience is about 65.62%. Conclusion: In this study, COVID-19 CXRs generally manifested a spectrum of pure ground glass, mixed ground glass opacities to consolidation in bilateral peripheral middle and lower lung zones. BSTI CXR reporting classification of COVID-19 is valid and sensitive in our patients with addition of middle zonal involvement in classical COVID-19 criteria as opposed to just lower zone involvement.

Identification of Penicillin and other Beta-Lactam Resistance in Streptococcus Pneumoniae by Polymerase Chain Reaction

1997 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 190-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimiko Ubukata ◽  
Tomoko Muraki ◽  
Atsumi Igarashi ◽  
Yasuko Asahi ◽  
Masatoshi Konno
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Beta Lactam ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Polymerase Chain

scholarly journals Antibiotic Resistance Pattern and Detection of Enterotoxigenic and Enteroaggregative Strain of Escherichia coli among Foreign Tourist with Traveler Diarrhea in Bali using Uniplex Polymerase Chain Reaction

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (A) ◽  
pp. 583-588
Author(s):  
I Dewa Made Sukrama ◽  
Anak Agung Wiradewi Lestari ◽  
Made Agus Hendrayana ◽  
I Ketut Agus Somia
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Beta Lactam ◽  
First Line ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Sensitivity Testing ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Polymerase Chain

BACKGROUND: As one of the major tourist destinations in Southeast Asia, Bali received millions of foreign tourists each year. Diarrhea consistently placed as the most often experienced health problem among travelers. Traveler diarrhea has various etiologies. The most common was Escherichia coli. The existence of several types of E. coli that are resistant to several antibiotics causes the selection of antibiotics is crucial. AIM: This preliminary study aims to understand the pattern of antibiotics sensitivity and to detect the presence of enterotoxigenic and enteroaggregative strains of E. coli from fecal samples of foreign tourists with traveler’s diarrhea in Denpasar, Bali. METHODS: A culture examination was carried out to obtain E. coli bacterial colonies. Disk diffusion Kirby–Bauer was carried out for antibiotic sensitivity testing. The confirmed colonies were tested against several common antibiotics, including the recommended first line (ciprofloxacin and azithromycin). Uniplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using specific primers conducted to detect the enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) (elt and estA2-4) and enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC) (CVD432) strains. RESULTS: Among 48 stool culture, 14 (29.2%) were identified as E. coli colonies. All samples were still sensitive to the antibiotics meropenem, ceftazidime, and cefixime. Despite majority of the samples (78.6%) still sensitive to ciprofloxacin, large proportion of the samples have developed resistance against the other commonly used antibiotics, doxycycline (70.4%) and azithromycin (57.1%). PCR showed that 3 (21.4%) samples shown positive for CVD432 gene, 2 (14.3%) samples positive for the elt gene, and all negative for the estA2-4 gene. CONCLUSION: An only small proportion of E. coli was EAEC or ETEC strain. Although most E. coli still sensitive to beta-lactam antibiotics, a significant proportion had shown resistance against the commonly recommended first-line antibiotics.

scholarly journals Genetic Characterization Among Carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli Strains Using Enterobacterial Repetitive Intergenic Consensus Polymerase Chain Reaction (ERIC-PCR) Fingerprinting in South Africa

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kingsley Ehi Ebomah ◽  
Anthony Ifeanyi Okoh
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Genetic Relatedness ◽  
Carbapenem Resistance ◽  
Beta Lactam ◽  
Enterobacterial Repetitive Intergenic Consensus ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Abstract Background Carbapenems belong to beta-lactam class of antibiotics usually considered as the last line of defense because they can be effective against severe infections caused by prevalent multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens. However, carbapenems can be deactivated by bacteria that produce carbapenemase (beta-lactamase). This study was conducted to screen for carbapenem-resistance genes (CRGs) harbored by pathogenic strains of Escherichia coli recovered from different environmental samples. We also assessed the genetic relatedness among selected E. coli pathotypes using enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus-polymerase chain reaction (ERIC-PCR).Method: Molecular identification and characterization of the presumptive isolates were performed using PCR and isolates that exhibited antimicrobial resistance (AMR) phenotypically were further screened for some relevant CRGs (blaNDM−1, blaKPC and blaOXA−48−like). Furthermore, ERIC-PCR was used to determine the similarity and diversity of 31 E. coli strains which were randomly selected from the different sources analyzed in this study.Result Our findings revealed a total of 238 presumptive E. coli isolates, out of which 192 were confirmed positive for uidA gene. Further screening revealed 77 (40%) isolates belong to six key E. coli pathotypes and 70 of them exhibited phenotypic AMR. Additionally, twenty-nine (41%) of the 70 MDR pathogenic E. coli strains harbored CRGs; with 24 strains harboring blaNDM−1, 8 harboring blaKPC and 2 harboring blaOXA−48−like genes.Conclusion Findings also suggest that the selected E. coli pathotypes belonged to different genomic clusters, while the cluster analysis showed a possible genetic diversity among aquatic and farm isolates. Proper treatment of final effluents before discharge as well as the development of more effective strategies to control and manage the use of antimicrobial agents were strongly recommended.

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