A study to assess the efficacy of metabolic control of diabetes in the development of neuropathy

Background: The metabolic syndrome is a deadly combination of hypertension, diabetes, heart disease, and dyslipidemia due to abdominal obesity. The causes this is both bad genes and bad environment. The objective of this study was to assess the efficacy of metabolic control of diabetes in the development of neuropathy.Methods: The present hospital based cross sectional study was conducted at MNR Medical College and Hospital, Sangareddy. The study was undertaken between October 2012 to May 2014 both in inpatient and outpatient department. Diabetic patients seeking consultation for the symptoms suggestive of neuropathy were screened and labeled as suffering from diabetic neuropathy based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria.Results: Diabetic neuropathy was common in the age group of 56 to 65 years in both male and female (33.3%). Average duration of diabetes was 8.7 years. Overall the rate of irregularity was much more (78%). Maximum (78%) patients reported presence of sensory symptoms. Diminision or loss of both ankle jerks was present in all 60 cases while 28 patients showed sluggish or absent knee jerks in total 60 patients. Maximum patients (60%) had distal symmetrical neuropathy.Conclusions: Longstanding diabetes and poor glycaemic control are particularly associated with an increased risk of neuropathy in diabetes mellitus.

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SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC AND ANTHROPOMETRIC PROFILE OF DIABETIC PATIENTS ATTENDING IN A DIABETIC CLINIC IN A TERTIARY MEDICAL COLLEGE AND HOSPITAL, WEST BENGAL

10.36106/9100420 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 12-15

Author(s):

Smarajit Banik ◽

Sandip Saha ◽

Sudipan Mitra ◽

Ujjwal Pattanayak ◽

Rajib Sikder ◽

...

Keyword(s):

West Bengal ◽

Tertiary Care Hospital ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Diabetes Clinic ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Medical College ◽

Study Participants

Background: Diabetes mellitus is one of the important causes of morbidity and mortality. With a rise in non communicable diseases in India, diabetes has become a modern epidemic showing a rising trend in West Bengal also. A large number of diabetes patients come to the diabetes clinic of our tertiary care hospital in North Bengal Medical College and Hospital, Darjeeling, West Bengal. The large proportion of patients presenting with this condition prompted us to study the Sociodemographic and Anthropometric Prole of such patients. Methods: This was a descriptive hospital based cross sectional study involving a total of 344 diabetic patients enrolled in the diabetes clinic of a tertiary care teaching hospital from December 2019 to February 2020. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data and was analyzed in Microsoft excel sheet and using SPSS 20.0 software. Results: Among the 344 study participants, we found that 220 (63.95%) were males and 124 (36.05%) were females. Diabetes was more common among those aged 51-60 years 108 (31.40%). Family history was present among 188 (54.65%) of the diabetic patients. Almost 160 (46.51%) patients have diabetes 1.1 – 5 years. Hypertension was present among 216 (62.79%) patients. Almost 218 (63.37%) of the patients were overweight and 84 (24.42%) were obese. Conclusions: The diabetic patients presenting to this tertiary care hospital belong lower socioeconomic strata and having limited education in their age group. There is high proportion of obesity and hypertension among them.

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Tear electrolyte assessment of diabetic patients in Southern Nigeria

African Health Sciences ◽

10.4314/ahs.v19i4.5 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 19 (4) ◽

pp. 2839-2845

Author(s):

Juno Okukpon ◽

Oziegbe Okukpon

Keyword(s):

Extracellular Fluid ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Glass Capillary ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Calcium Phosphorus ◽

Calcium Magnesium ◽

The University

Background: Tears are a critical body extracellular fluid coating the surface epithelial cells of the cornea and conjunctiva, and providing the optically smooth surface necessary for refraction of light onto the retina. The biological and chemical properties of tears change in response to systemic disease.Objectives: This study assessed the concentration of calcium, magnesium and phosphate levels in tears of diabetics.Methods: A comparative cross-sectional study involving twenty diabetics visiting Department for Health Services, University of Benin and forty non-diabetics within the University between 35 to 65 years participated in the study. Calcium, magnesium and phosphorous were analysed in tears sample collected with 75mm glass capillary tubes.Results: The fasting blood sugar (FBS) and age of diabetic patients was 7.48±1.88mmol/l and 56.75±5.82years and non-diabetics was 4.83±0.52mmol/l and 53.58±6.16years respectively. Magnesium showed no differences (P<0.05) between diabetics (0.76±0.45mmol/l) and non-diabetics (0.93±0.59mmol/l). Calcium was elevated (P=0.041) and phosphate (P=0.044) was decreased in diabetics (3.14±1.65mmol/l and 0.074±0.058mmol/l) than non-diabetics (2.41±1.05mmol/l and 0.11±0.081mmol/l).Conclusion: This study concluded that being diabetic can affect the levels of some tear electrolytes in the tear fluid which may lead to an increased risk of diabetic ocular complications.Keywords: Tears, diabetics, mag nesium, calcium, phosphorus.

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Study of Patients with First unprovoked Seizure in the Eastern Part of Nepal

Journal of Nobel Medical College ◽

10.3126/jonmc.v8i1.24471 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 22-26

Author(s):

Dilli Ram Kafle ◽

Surendra Sah ◽

Miluna Bhusal

Keyword(s):

Recurrence Risk ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

P Value ◽

Seizure Recurrence ◽

Unprovoked Seizure ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Medical College ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Neuro Imaging

Background: About 5-10% of the population get at least one seizure in their lifetime. Treatment is started in patients with first unprovoked seizure if the risk of seizure recurrence is predicted to be high. If patients with first seizure are not treated 40-50% of patients develop recurrence within 2 years of the initial seizure. Starting treatment may cause reduction in the risk of recurrence by almost one half. The aim of the study was to identify the factors causing recurrence in patients with first unprovoked seizure. Materials and Methods: It is a prospective cross-sectional study conducted at Nobel Medical College from March 2015 to March 2019. Patients who presented to Nobel Medical College with first unprovoked seizure were enrolled in the study with follow up during the hospital visit. Results: Eighty six patients participated in our study. Recurrence of seizure occurred in 21(24.4%) patients within the study period of 4 years. Abnormal Electroencephalography was significantly associated with recurrence of seizure in patients with first seizure. (P value<0.001) Neuro imaging abnormality was also associated with increased risk of seizure recurrence (Pvalue<0.001) .Starting an antiepileptic after first seizure reduced the risk of further seizure. Conclusion: Recurrence of seizure was observed in almost a quarter of patients within the study period of four years. Recurrence risk was higher in those patients with abnormal Electro encephalography and in those patients with identified cause than those patients whose seizure was assumed to be idiopathic.

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A study to assess the correlation between HbA1c and microalbuminuria among diabetics

International Journal of Advances in Medicine ◽

10.18203/2349-3933.ijam20205454 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 16

Author(s):

Sruthi Kare ◽

Vishwanath N. Reddy ◽

Thejdeep Mahamkali

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Diabetic Nephropathy ◽

Socioeconomic Development ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Duration Of Diabetes ◽

Medical College ◽

Significant Linear Correlation ◽

Patients With Diabetes

Background: India is one of the epicentres of the global diabetes mellitus pandemic. Rapid socioeconomic development and demographic changes, along with increased susceptibility for Indian individuals, have led to the explosive increase in the prevalence of diabetes mellitus in India over the past four decades. Diabetic Nephropathy is a common consequence of long-standing diabetes mellitus. The development of diabetic nephropathy has a dramatic increase on the morbidity and mortality of patients with diabetes. Objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of microalbuminuria in patients with diabetes mellitus patients. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on T 2 diabetes mellitus patients visiting medicine OPD of R L Jalappa hospital constituent hospital of Sri Deveraj Urs Medical College, Tamaka, Kolar from May 2016 to July 2016. A total of 60 type-2 diabetes patients were enrolled in the study.Results: Average duration of diabetes among study group was 8 years and most of the patients were between 6-10 years. In type 2DM patients, microalbuminuria and glycemic control have shown a significant linear correlation with duration of diabetes (p<0.05). Also, micro albuminuria has a significant correlation with increase in level of glycosylated haemoglobin. Conclusions: The prevalence of microalbuminuria in diabetic patients was found to be high and being a developing country; there is a dire need that microalbuminuria and HbA1c testing should be done in both, newly diagnosed as well as already diagnosed type 2DM patients as an early marker of renal risk factor.

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A Pattern of Age-related Macular Degeneration

Journal of Nepal Medical Association ◽

10.31729/jnma.184 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 48 (175) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Suprada Pokhrel ◽

O K Malla ◽

C L Pradhananga ◽

S N Joshi

Keyword(s):

Macular Degeneration ◽

College Teaching ◽

Female Gender ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Medical College ◽

Age Related ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Number Of Individuals

Introduction: Age related macular degeneration is a disorder of the macula most often clinicallyapparent affecting central vision and is one of the leading causes of blindness in the populationabove 50 years. The aim of this study is to determine clinical profi le of AMD in Nepalese presentingto a Teaching Hospital in Kathmandu.Methods: It was a hospital-based cross-sectional study. The subjects included in the study were thosepresenting to the Ophthalmology department of Kathmandu Medical College Teaching Hospitalfrom July 2007- Dec 2007.The total number of individuals included in the study were 402 and totalnumber of eyes were 804.Results: AMD was observed in 5.2% out of 402 subjects of 40 years and above age group withprevalence increasing with age. The prevalence of AMD was 0.7% within 40-50 years of age-groupindividuals increasing to 2.6% in 51-60 years, 6.5% in 61-70 years and to 19.3% among subjectsabove 71 years. This study revealed that the prevalence of AMD in females was higher with femalepreponderance in ratio of 2.5:1. 52.5 % AMD subjects in our study had visual impairment with 6/24-6/60 vision and 15% had vision <3/60-PL. Our study revealed statistically signifi cant increased riskfor AMD with aging (p=0.00). Increased risk was observed in female gender and diabetics though theOdds ratio (OR) was statistically insignifi cant (p=>0.01).Conclusions: Prevalence of AMD in Nepalese presenting to Kathmandu Medical College TeachingHospital was 5% with female preponderance in ratio of 2.5:1. Aging showed statistically signifi cantincreased risk for AMD development in this study.Key Words: Age-related macular degeneration, blindness, Nepalese, prevalence

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Assessment of the contributing risk factors in adult diabetic patients attending the diabetic clinic in Bankura Sammilani Medical College, Bankura

International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health ◽

10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20200432 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 588

Author(s):

Indu Padmey ◽

Arindam De ◽

Eashin Gazi ◽

Aditya Prasad Sarkar ◽

Asit Baran Saren ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Healthcare Services ◽

Diabetic Complication ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Related Factors ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Medical College ◽

Levels Of Care ◽

Diabetic Clinic ◽

Control Of Diabetes ◽

And Control

Background: Diabetes affects all segments of the population and is one of the leading causes of premature morbidity and mortality and requires life-long healthcare services. The National Rural Health Mission launched in 2005 and the new pilot National Programme for Prevention and Control of Diabetes, Cardiovascular diseases and Stroke offer opportunities for improving care for diabetes and other non-communicable diseases through service provision at the primary and secondary levels of care. This article describes the health services related factors and ascertains the physical status of adult diabetic patients.Methods: It is an institution based, cross-sectional, descriptive study. Complete enumeration of all patients attending diabetic clinic of Bankura Sammilani Medical College and hospital, Bankura, West Bengal was done. Eligible consenting adult patients, who were diagnosed as a case of diabetes and on treatment were interviewed with review of medical record. The study was preceded after obtaining ethical clearance. Data were entered in MS Excel spread sheet. Calculation was done with the help of software SPSS 22.0 free version.Results: Only 5.3% of study subjects had drug supply from hospital fully but rest of them had to buy from the shop. 79.3% of study subjects skipped the drug when it was finished. Diabetic complication was found to be more when distance of home from hospital was more.Conclusions: Antidiabetic drug were not regularly available in hospital so all most all had to purchase drug from the shop when not available at hospital.

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Delay for pentavalent vaccine: a hospital based cross sectional study

International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health ◽

10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20195475 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (12) ◽

pp. 5337

Author(s):

Smita Andurkar ◽

Pallavi Hiralal Pagdal ◽

Mohan Kondiba Doibole

Keyword(s):

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Health Card ◽

Vaccine Preventable Diseases ◽

Medical College ◽

Immunization Programme ◽

Pentavalent Vaccine ◽

Increased Risk ◽

The Right

Background: Young children are often at increased risk for illness and death related to infectious diseases, and vaccine delays may leave them vulnerable at ages with a high risk of contracting several vaccine-preventable diseases This study examined delay for each pentavalent vaccine in the universal immunization programme and the factors that influence untimely vaccinations.Methods: This was a hospital based cross sectional study done on 45 days to-12 months aged children attending the immunisation clinic held at government medical college and hospital Aurangabad, Maharashtra. Data was collected from the records on health card as well from mother with the help of pretested pre-structured questionnaire for predictors of delay.Results: Total 411 children aging 45 days to 12 months were enrolled in the study. For pentavalent 1 vaccine, 83.69% received vaccine without delay and 16.31% were delayed. 43.53% were delayed for pentavalent 2 vaccine, 224 children received pentavalent 3 vaccine, out of them 80.35% received within time whereas 19.65% were delayed. We found birth order, parent’s education, working status of mother, mother’s age below 18; parity had statistically significant association with delay. Unawareness about the right timings of vaccination and immunization schedules held at periphery, parents delaying vaccine for minor sickness of baby, were the main reasons observed for delay.Conclusions: A total 83.69% children received vaccine within the recommended time. Still 16.31% children experience delay for the vaccination. Reasons for delay observed can be overcome by appropriate counselling of mother by health care workers at the first time of vaccination which will improve the adherence and avoid delay in future to immunisation schedule.

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Study of Thyroid Function Status in Type 2 Diabetic Patients

KYAMC Journal ◽

10.3329/kyamcj.v10i2.42787 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 95-98

Author(s):

Kamrunnahar Alo ◽

Shyamal Chandra Banik ◽

Safayet Ahammed ◽

Ayesha Yasmin ◽

Tania Rahman

Keyword(s):

Thyroid Function ◽

Thyroid Dysfunction ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Medical College ◽

The Difference ◽

Type 2 Diabetic

Background: Thyroid dysfunction specially hypothyroidism may occur in type 2 diabetic patients. Objective: To observe thyroid function status in type 2 diabetic patients Materials and Methods: This cross sectional study was carried out in the Department of Physiology, Sir Salimullah Medical College, Dhaka from July 2016 to June 2017. Total 60 subjects including male and female, age ranged from 40 to 60 years were included in this study, among them 30 were non-diabetic subjects and 30 were type 2 diabetic patients. Results: In this study, mean serum TSH level was significantly (p<0.001) higher and serum FT4 level was significantly (p<0.01) lower in diabetic patients than that of apparently healthy non-diabetic subjects. Serum FT3 level was lower in type 2 diabetic patients in comparison to that of non-diabetic subjects but the difference was not statistically significant. However, among the diabetic patients 10% were subclinical hypothyroid and 6.67% were hypothyroid Conclusion: The present study reveals that hypothyroidism occurs in type 2 diabetic patients. So type 2 diabetic patients should measure thyroid hormone levels routinely to detect thyroid dysfunction. KYAMC Journal Vol. 10, No.-2, July 2019, Page 95-98

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Hypertension Is Associated with Increased Risk of Diabetic Lung

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph17207513 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (20) ◽

pp. 7513

Author(s):

Jihyun Lee ◽

Donghwan Kwon ◽

Youngjang Lee ◽

Inchan Jung ◽

Daesung Hyun ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lung Function ◽

Pulmonary Function ◽

Regression Model ◽

Laboratory Data ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Multivariate Logistic Regression Model ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Negative Effect

Lung function is often impaired in diabetic patients, especially in a restrictive pattern, which has recently been described as the diabetic lung. Since hypertension (HTN) is common in diabetic patients, our study investigated whether HTN acts as an aggravating factor in diabetic lung. Within the cross-sectional study from the 6th Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), blood pressure (BP), pulmonary function, and laboratory data were examined in 4644 subjects aged between 40 and 79 years. A multivariate regression model was used to investigate the relationship between BP, FPG, and pulmonary function. Lung function was significantly reduced in the HTN (p = 0.001), impaired fasting glucose (IFG) (p < 0.001), and diabetes mellitus (DM) (p < 0.001) groups. Next, a multivariate logistic regression model was used to derive the odds ratio (OR) of reduced lung function based on the presence of IFG, DM, and HTN. The OR of reduced forced vital capacity (FVCp < 80%) was 3.30 (p < 0.001) in the HTN-DM group and 2.30 (p < 0.001) in the normal BP-DM group, when compared with the normal BP-normal FPG group. The combination of HTN and DM had the strongest negative effect on FVC. The results presented in this study indicate that diabetes and hypertension have a synergistic association with impaired lung function.

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Glycaemic Control Impact on Renal Endpoints in Diabetic Patients on Haemodialysis

International Journal of Nephrology ◽

10.1155/2015/523521 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-6

Author(s):

Danielle Creme ◽

Kieran McCafferty

Keyword(s):

Glycaemic Control ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Poor Glycaemic Control ◽

Number Of Patients ◽

Weight Gains ◽

Before And After ◽

Patients With Diabetes ◽

The Impact

Objective. To identify the number of haemodialysis patients with diabetes in a large NHS Trust, their current glycaemic control, and the impact on other renal specific outcomes.Design. Retrospective, observational, cross-sectional study.Methods. Data was collected from an electronic patient management system. Glycaemic control was assessed from HbA1c results that were then further adjusted for albumin (Alb) and haemoglobin (Hb). Interdialytic weight gains were analysed from weights recorded before and after dialysis, 2 weeks before and after the most recent HbA1c date. Amputations were identified from electronic records.Results. 39% of patients had poor glycaemic control (HbA1c > 8%). Adjusted HbA1c resulted in a greater number of patients with poor control (55%). Significant correlations were found with interdialytic weight gains (P<0.02,r=0.14), predialysis sodium (P<0.0001,r=-1.9), and predialysis bicarbonate (P<0.02,r=0.12). Trends were observed with albumin and C-reactive protein. Patients with diabetes had more amputations (24 versus 2).Conclusion. Large number of diabetic patients on haemdialysis have poor glycaemic control. This may lead to higher interdialytic weight gains, larger sodium and bicarbonate shifts, increased number of amputations, and possibly increased inflammation and decreased nutritional status. Comprehensive guidelines and more accurate long-term tests for glycaemic control are needed.

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