scholarly journals Study of relationship between WBC count and Diabetic complications

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 1128
Author(s):  
Naredi M. ◽  
Jhavar D. ◽  
Krishnan D.
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Leukocyte Count ◽  
Vascular Complications ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Monocyte Count ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Waist Hip Ratio ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Wbc Count

Background: There is plenty of evidence to support the fact that inflammation is a risk factor for atherosclerotic diseases and other lifestyle related diseases like diabetes and obesity. Elevated leukocyte count is associated with insulin resistance and is also associated with macro and micro vascular complications in diabetes. This study aimed to investigate the relation between peripheral total and differential WBC count in diabetes and its complications.Methods: This was a cross sectional observational study. It was carried out in the outpatient wing of Department of Medicine, M. G. M. Medical College and M.Y. Hospital. A total of 130 consecutive consenting diabetic patients (type 2) were selected. Those with any obvious stressful condition like acute illness were excluded. All the participants were screened for retinopathy, neuropathy, cerebrovascular disease and cardiovascular disease by history and clinical examination and had their height, weight, waist circumference, hip circumference and white blood cell counts notedResults: In the present study, most of the patients were middle aged patients (46 out of 130 were in age group 51-60 years) and were obese (60/130 had BMI of 26 to 30) with most of them having abdominal obesity (87% males i.e. 48/55 had waist hip ratio >0.90, 56% females i.e. 42/75 had waist hip ratio >0.85). It was found that, amongst 130 patients with type 2 diabetes 56% have WBC counts on the higher side of the normal range i.e. 7000-11000/cu mm. Polymorphs were also on higher side of the normal range in 47% of patients i.e. PMN= 61-70% and 26% had polymorphs above 70%. About 61% patients had monocyte count >6%. Out of the 130 patients, 35 had retinopathy, 57 had neuropathy and 9 had nephropathy as micro vascular complications while as macro vascular complications, 9 had a history of CVA, 14 had CAD and 4 had PVD. Also, maximum patients having micro and macro vascular complications had WBC counts in the range of 7000-11000.Conclusions: An elevated leukocyte count even within the normal range was associated with chronic complications in type 2 diabetes and can be used to predict development of micro and macro vascular complications in patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes.

scholarly journals Molecular mechanisms and the vital roles of resistin, TLR 4, and NF-κB in treating type 2 diabetic complications

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Venkataiah Gudise ◽  
Bimalendu Chowdhury
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Effective Treatment ◽  
Diabetic Complications ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Cellular Proliferation ◽  
Vascular Complications ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Rapid Progression ◽  
Main Body

Abstract Background Type 2 diabetes in obese (≥ 25 and ≥ 30 kg/m2) patients is the foremost cause of cardiovascular complications like stroke, osteoarthritis, cancers (endometrial, breast, ovarian, liver, kidney, colon, and prostate), and vascular complications like diabetic neuropathy, diabetic and retinopathy, and diabetic nephropathy. It is recognized as a global burden disorder with high prevalence in middle-income nations which might lead to a double burden on health care professionals. Hence, this review emphasizes on understanding the complexity and vital signaling tracts involved in diabetic complications for effective treatment. Main body Type 2 diabetes in overweight patients induces the creation of specific ROS that further leads to changes in cellular proliferation, hypothalamus, and fringe. The resistin, TLR4, and NF-κB signalings are mainly involved in the progression of central and fringe changes such as insulin resistance and inflammation in diabetic patients. The overexpression of these signals might lead to the rapid progression of diabetic vascular complications induced by the release of proinflammatory cytokines, chemokines, interleukins, and cyclooxygenase-mediated chemicals. Until now, there has been no curative treatment for diabetes. Therefore, to effectively treat complications of type 2 diabetes, the researchers need to concentrate on the molecular mechanisms and important signaling tracts involved. Conclusion In this review, we suggested the molecular mechanism of STZ-HFD induced type 2 diabetes and the vital roles of resistin, TLR4, and NF-κB signalings in central, fringe changes, and development diabetic complications for its effective treatment. Graphical abstract

scholarly journals Peripheral monocyte count is an independent predictor of all-cause mortality in type 2 diabetes with macro-vascular complications

Medicine ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 99 (4) ◽  
pp. e18876
Author(s):  
Lina Yang ◽  
Jinbo Hu ◽  
Zhihong Wang ◽  
Xiangjun Chen ◽  
Yue Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Independent Predictor ◽  
Vascular Complications ◽  
Monocyte Count ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Peripheral Monocyte

scholarly journals To study association of Neutrophil- Lymphocyte ratio with vascular complications in Type-2 Diabetes

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 16-22
Author(s):  
Shilpa Tumkur Andane Gowda ◽  
Shahari Hegde Kusumakar ◽  
Raveendra Kodur Ramamurthy ◽  
Rohith Maraludevanapura Govindaiah
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Vascular Complications ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽  
Neutrophil Lymphocyte Ratio ◽  
Lymphocyte Ratio ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: Diabetes is a pro-thrombotic state associated with increased risk of atherosclerosis and inflammation. Neutrophil lymphocyte ratio (NLR) provides information about early and subclinical inflammation and thus may act as a prognostic marker for vascular complications in type 2 diabetes. Aims and Objective: To analyze the correlation between Neutrophil- Lymphocyte ratio in diabetics with and without vascular complications. Materials and Methods: A total of 111 patients admitted in Victoria hospital and Bowring & Lady Curzon hospital attached to Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute from NOV 2018 to MAY 2020 were studied. The data was collected according to the proforma in terms of history, clinical examination and the necessary investigations. NLR was observed in type 2 diabetic patients and was compared in those with complications and without complications. Results: The NLR was higher in diabetics with vascular complications compared to those without complications, 2.8 ± 0.7 fl versus 6.8 ± 3.1 fl (P< 0.001), respectively. In this study, Mean N (%), In No Vascular Complications was 61.7 ± 10.6 and with vascular complications was 79.9 ± 9.5. Mean L (%) in No Vascular Complications was 23.7 ± 5.8. Mean N (%), In No Vascular Complications was 61.7 ± 10.6 and with vascular complications was 79.9 ± 9.5. There was a significant difference in mean N (%) mean L (%) and NLR in comparison with respect to Complications. Conclusion: This study showed significantly higher NLR in diabetic patients with vascular complications. Hence, NLR can be used as a simple parameter to assess the vascular complications in diabetes.

scholarly journals Increased Fibrinogen Production in Type 2 Diabetic Patients without Detectable Vascular Complications: Correlation with Plasma Glucagon Concentrations

2000 ◽  
Vol 85 (9) ◽  
pp. 3121-3125 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Barazzoni ◽  
M. Zanetti ◽  
G. Davanzo ◽  
E. Kiwanuka ◽  
P. Carraro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Vascular Complications ◽  
Macrovascular Complications ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Fibrinogen Concentration ◽  
Plasma Glucagon ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic

Abstract Fibrinogen is a strong cardiovascular risk factor in the general population, and increased fibrinogen plasma concentrations have been reported in type 2 diabetic patients. However, the mechanisms leading to hyperfibrinogenemia in type 2 diabetes are not known. It is also not known whether possible alterations of fibrinogen turnover may precede clinical diabetic micro- and macrovascular complications and therefore potentially contribute to their onset. To address these questions, fibrinogen production was determined in six male type 2 diabetic patients without detectable micro- and macrovascular complications (age, 45 ± 4 yr; body mass index, 27 ± 0.9 kg/m2) and in seven nondiabetic matched controls using leucine isotope precursor-product relationships. Plasma glucose (P &lt; 0.001), insulin (P &lt; 0.05), and glucagon concentrations (P &lt; 0.01) were increased in the patients. Diabetic patients also had increased plasma fibrinogen concentration (+∼50%; P &lt; 0.01) and pool (+∼40%; P &lt; 0.01) as well as fractional (+∼35%; P = 0.08) and absolute (+∼100%; P &lt; 0.01) synthetic rates. The plasma glucagon concentration was positively related (P &lt; 0.005 or less) to the fibrinogen concentration as well as to fractional and absolute synthetic rates. Thus, fibrinogen production is markedly enhanced, and this alteration is likely to determine the observed hyperfibrinogenemia in type 2 diabetic patients. Hyperglucagonemia may contribute to the increased fibrinogen production. These findings in normoalbuminuric patients without clinical complications support the hypothesis that increased fibrinogen production and plasma concentrations may precede and possibly contribute to the onset of clinical cardiovascular complications in type 2 diabetes.

scholarly journals Serum Interleukin-18 Levels are Not Increased in Type 2 Diabetic Patients

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuejiao Li ◽  
Shuo Zhang ◽  
Chang Liu ◽  
Zhuoshi Wang ◽  
Peng Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Interleukin 18 ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic

Abstract Background: To investigate the effects of interleukin 18 (IL-18) on diabetic retinopathy (DR) of type 2 diabetic patients, the contents of IL-18 were measured in serum of 206 case subjects with type 2 diabetes and 40 case subjects without diabetes as control. Methods: According to the degree of DR, the diabetic patients were further divided into three groups: non-diabetic retinopathy (NDR, n=69), non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR, n = 52) and proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR, n=85). Results: Unlike previous reports, we didn’t found a significant increase in serum IL-18 level in diabetic patients (mean ± SD are 107.4±36.6 and 112.5±32.0 pg/ml for control and type 2 diabetes patients respectively, p > 0.05). Further analysis also failed to found any significant increase of serum IL-18 in patients with NDR, NPDR or PDR (113.0±32.1, 110.8±31.4 and 114.5±33.4 pg/ml respectively) when compared with control (for all values, p > 0.05). Real-time qPCR suggests that the expression of IL-18 mRNA in type 2 diabetic patients with DR was comparable to that of controls (p>0.05). Interestingly, there was a significant positive correlation between levels of serum IL -18 and the amount of fasting blood glucose (FBG, r=0.15，p=0.03) and that Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) was relatively higher in diabetic patients than in control subjects (p<0.05). These results suggest that the levels of serum IL -18 in diabetic patients are within the normal range. Even in patients with diabetic retinopathy, the levels of serum IL -18 were only slightly increased in type 2 diabetic patients and was not statistically different from control subjects.Conclusion: these data suggest that the serum IL -18 levels are not associated with the severity of type 2 diabetic patients.

scholarly journals Relation between waist-hip ratio and lipid profile in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 51-53
Author(s):  
Pillaram Raja Reddy ◽  
N Jayarama ◽  
M Madhavi Reddy ◽  
V Mahesh
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Anthropometric Parameters ◽  
Waist Hip Ratio

Objective: To observe the relation between waist-hip ratio and lipid profile in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Materials and Methods: The present study was carried out at R L Jalappa Hospital attached to Sri DevaRaj Urs Medical College, Tamaka, Kolar, after a written consent from all the participants. The study includes 505 diabetic patients, in which 336 were males and 169 were females. The waist and hip circumference were measured and the ratio was taken as Waist-Hip ratio and about 5 ml of blood sample was collected and used for the estimation of serum cholesterol, triglyceride and HDL-Cholesterol levels by using standard methods. Statistical analysis was done by using independent student t test and Pearson Correlation coefficient was calculated. Results: The waist hip ratio and lipid profiles were not significantly correlated. In type 2 diabetes male patients showed higher triglycerides (177.96±100.19) with waist hip ratio>0.9, whereas female patients showed less Triglycerides (178.19±99.52) with waist hip ratio >0.8. However these differences were statistically not significant. Conclusion: Multiple anthropometric parameters are required to correlate lipid profile rather than single parameter in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Along with anthropometric measurements, lipid profile is also need be monitored in type 2 diabetics. Asian Journal of Medical Science, Volume-5(3) 2014: 51-53 http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v5i3.9407     

scholarly journals Suppressing or blocking Fis1 reverses diabetic endothelial dysfunction in human resistance arteries

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mamatha Kakarla ◽  
John M. Egner ◽  
Jingli Wang ◽  
Megan C. Harwig ◽  
Kelsey A. Meacham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
High Glucose ◽  
Vascular Complications ◽  
The United States ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Resistance Arteries ◽  
Low Glucose

AbstractMitochondrial dysfunction drives the development of vascular endothelial dysfunction in type 2 diabetes (T2DM) with increased fragmentation of mitochondrial networks from increased Fis1 expression; whether suppressing or blocking Fis1 expression or activity can reverse endothelial dysfunction remains unknown. To address this question, resistance arterioles from healthy humans and those with T2DM were transfected with Fis1 siRNA and exposed to normal glucose, low glucose or high glucose conditions. Fis1 knockdown improved endothelium dependent vasodilation in T2DM arterioles, and blocked high- and low-glucose impairment in healthy vessels. Fis1 knockdown preserved NO bioavailability and improved endothelial layer integrity of cells exposed to high or low glucose. Fis1 knockdown had no significant effect on the expression of other mitochondrial dynamics or autophagy proteins, and had no effect on endothelial cell metabolism suggesting its suitability for pharmacological inhibition. For this, we designed pep213 to inhibit Fis1 activity (Kd ~3-7 μM) and demonstrate its specificity by NMR. Application of a cell permeant pep213 improved endothelium-dependent vasodilation in T2DM and non-T2DM vessels exposed to high glucose in an NO-dependent manner suggesting that targeting Fis1 may reduce vascular complications in T2DM.One Sentence SummaryMicro- and macro-vascular complications in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) continue to be major health burdens in the United States and we identify a new therapeutic route to treatment by showing that either a novel peptide inhibitor, or genetic silencing, of mitochondrial fission protein 1 reverses poor vasodilation of human resistance arteries from diabetic patients.

scholarly journals A study of waist circumference and waist-hip ratio as markers of type 2 diabetes mellitus in an urban population of district Bareilly

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. 3449
Author(s):  
Mohammad Suhail Khan ◽  
Ausaf Ahmad ◽  
Sumit Saxena ◽  
Atul Kumar Singh ◽  
S. B. Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Sample Size ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽  
High Waist Circumference ◽  
Waist Hip Ratio

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus belongs to a group of diseases labelled as lifestyle diseases and is on the rise in Asians especially Indians. Hence finding bio-markers is important to warn people and create awareness.  Aim of the present study is to estimate waist-hip ratio, waist circumference in type 2 diabetic patients with respect to gender.  Methods: A cross-sectional, community based study was conducted from February 2014 to February 2015 among adults in the age group of 30 year and above residing in area covered under UHTC of Bareilly City. A simple random sampling technique was adopted to achieve the desired sample size. 640 is the sample size came out to be by applying 3.8 4𝑃𝑄/d2 formula. Subject’s waist circumference, waist-hip ratio was measured in study samples. House to house survey was done for collecting data. Data tabulated and subjected to statistical analysis.  Results: Prevalence of DM and IFG was more in those who were having high waist circumference and the association was also found to be statistically significant. The association was also found statistically significant between male high waist hip ratio and Diabetes Mellitus but no association was seen between female’s high waist-hip ratio and Diabetes Mellitus.Conclusions: High waist circumference can be a screening procedure for DM individuals in both sexes, but the same scenario we haven’t seen in high waist hip ratio among females and prevalence of DM. Appropriate waist circumference and waist-to-hip ratio values are complex because they are likely influenced by gender and other factors. 

scholarly journals Comparison of saftey and cost effectiveness of atorvastatin 40 mg daily, rosuvastatin 20 mg daily and rosuvastatin 20 mg alternate day in 300 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 2069
Author(s):  
Durgesh Mani Upadhyay ◽  
Minhaz Ahmad ◽  
Mukul Misra ◽  
Sandeep Chawdhary ◽  
S. C. Maurya
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Major Factors ◽  
The Cost

Background: Diabetes is recognized as a “coronary heart disease risk equivalent”. This happens because high rates of dyslipidemia among diabetic patients which is thought to be one of the major factors leading to the high percentage of deaths among diabetics due to cardiovascular disease (CVD).Methods: The study aims to compare the cost effectiveness and tolerance or safety profile of atorvastatin 40 mg daily and rosuvastatin 20 mg daily and on alternate day. This prospective observational study was conducted in 300, type-2 diabetes mellitus patients between November 2013 and 2014.Results: The total CK level increased after 6 weeks among patients on atorvastatin 40 mg, rosuvastatin 20 mg, and rosuvastatin 20 mg alternate day was stastically significant although it was within accepted normal range. None of the patients reported to have muscle symptoms i.e. myalgia. SGOT, SGPT, bilirubin levels with atorvastatin 40 mg were statistically insignificant. Same was the case with rosuvastatin 20 mg daily. However the SGOT and bilrubin level increased with rosuvastatin 20 mg alternate day was statistically significant, but was within normal range, we attribute it to chance. The cost obviously has shown to half in rosuvastatin 20 mg on alternate day.Conclusions: Atorvastatin 40 mg, rosuvastatin 20 mg and rosuvastatin 20 mg alternate day was statically significant (p<.0010). SGOT, SGPT, bilirubin with atorvastatin 40 mg were statistically insignificant. Same was case with rosuvastatin 20 mg daily. SGOT, bilirubin level increased with rosuvastatin 20 mg alternate day was statistically significant. Cost obviously shown to half in rosuvastatin 20 mg alternate day.

scholarly journals DIABETIC FOOT SYNDROME AS A POSSIBLE CARDIOVASCULAR MARKER IN TYPE 2 DIABETIC PATIENTS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd Riyaz Beg ◽  
Vidhi Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Diabetic Foot ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Vascular Complications ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Foot Ulcers ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
High Morbidity

Diabetic foot ulcerations have been extensively reported as vascular complications of diabetes mellitus associated with a high degree of morbidity and mortality; in fact, some studies showed a higher prevalence of major, previous and new-onset, cardiovascular, and cerebrovascular events in diabetic patients with foot ulcers than in those without these complications. This is consistent with the fact that in diabetes there is a complex interplay of several variables with inflammatory metabolic disorders and their effect on the cardiovascular system that could explain previous reports of high morbidity and mortality rates in diabetic patients with amputations. Involvement of inflammatory markers such as IL-6 plasma levels in diabetic subjects confirmed the pathogenetic issue of the “adipovascular” axis that may contribute to cardiovascular risk in patients with type 2 diabetes. In patients with diabetic foot, this “adipovascular axis” expression in lower plasma levels of adiponectin and higher plasma levels of IL-6 could be linked to foot ulcers pathogenesis by microvascular and inflammatory mechanisms. The purpose of this review is to focus on the immune inflammatory features of DFS and its possible role as a marker of cardiovascular risk in type 2 diabetes patients.

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