scholarly journals Prevalence of anaemia and its epidemiological correlates among women of reproductive age group in an urban slum of Mumbai

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (8) ◽  
pp. 2841 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rushali R. Lilare ◽  
Durgesh Prasad Sahoo
Keyword(s):  
Economic Status ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Urban Slum ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
P Value ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Rich Food

Background: Anaemia is a major public health problem affecting children, adolescent, women of reproductive age groups and lactating mothers worldwide. As per NFHS-IV data, prevalence of anaemia in India is 53%. This study was done to assess the prevalence of anaemia and its epidemiological correlates among women in reproductive age groups in an urban slum of Mumbai. Methods: This community based cross-sectional study was carried out in an urban slum in Mumbai. Total 315 women in the reproductive age groups (15-49 years) were enrolled in the study. Samples were selected by stratified random sampling from various sectors. All respondents were interviewed and haemoglobin estimation was done with Sahli’s method. Data was analysed using SPSS version 20.0 and chi-square test was used to find out the association between two qualitative variables. Results: The prevalence of mild, moderate and severe anaemia was 37.1%, 9.5% and 2.9% respectively. The factors associated with anaemia were education (p value=0.0001), socio-economic status (p value=0.001), consumption of iron rich food (p value=0.0001) and interval between two successive pregnancy in years (p value=0.0001). Conclusions: The findings of the present study revealed that education, socioeconomic status, consumption of iron rich food, interval between successive pregnancies affect the overall blood haemoglobin level on a long run. Community awareness regarding education and schooling of girls will help to increase the education level of women and would indirectly help to increase the health awareness and decrease the prevalence of anaemia. 

scholarly journals Assessment of undernutrition using composite index of anthropometric failure among children less than 5 years in an urban slum, Visakhapatnam

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (11) ◽  
pp. 4773 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naga Sowjanya Namburi ◽  
Madhavi Seepana
Keyword(s):  
Economic Status ◽  
Health Centre ◽  
Composite Index ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Urban Slum ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Single Measure ◽  
Under Nutrition

Background: Under nutrition continues to be a major public health problem in India despite years of incessant preventive measures. Composite index of anthropometric failure (CIAF) provides the burden of under nutrition as a single measure and helps in detection of children with multiple anthropometric failures. The objectives of this study are to assess the prevalence of under nutrition using CIAF as compared to conventional indicators and to identify the risk factors associated with Anthropometric Failure.Methods: This was a community based, cross sectional descriptive study on Under 5 children done in the urban slum area under Allipuram Urban Health Centre, Visakhapatnam, A.P. Anthropometric measurements (height, weight and mid upper arm circumference) were taken and mothers of the study children were interviewed to obtain relevant information. WHO Z-score system and the CIAF were used to estimate the magnitude of under-nutrition.Results: Out of 100 children, 56 children were suffering from under nutrition according to CIAF. Analysis of various factors showed that low birth weight, lesser duration of breast feeding, low education level of mother, over crowding and low socio economic status were significantly associated with under nutrition assessed by CIAF.Conclusions: CIAF provides the actual prevalence or proportion of undernourished children in a community. So CIAF must be included in regular recordings of health status of children. The study also reinforces the importance of appropriate maternal care, proper infant and child feeding practices and family planning services in prevention of under nutrition.

scholarly journals Patterns of Contraceptives Use and Their Complications in Iraqi Reproductive Age Women

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 1411-1416
Author(s):  
Shiren Ali Al-Hamzawi ◽  
Sahar Hamza Ali Al-Tameemi
Keyword(s):  
Economic Status ◽  
Intrauterine Device ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Oral Contraceptive Pills ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Gynecology And Obstetrics

Contraceptives are the methods, medicines, or devices which are used to prevent pregnancy. The women can select any kind from the available contraceptives. The objectives are to investigate the types of contraceptive methods used by Iraqi women of reproductive age and to throw lights on their complications.  A cross-sectional study had been done in the outpatient department of gynecology and obstetrics of Maternity and Children Hospital in Al-Diwaniya city on 400 women of reproductive age between (16-45) years during the period from 20th of September 2016 to 30th of March 2017. A questionnaire distributed among participating women. All the involved women gave their informed consent after describing the aim of the study and ensuring the confidentiality of the data.  The data were gathered and analyzed statistically. The study revealed that the most commonly used contraceptives were oral pills, the intrauterine device (IUD),  injections, and the condom  (53.7%, 35,7%, 7.5%, 3%), respectively. Oral pills are the most commonly used method in all age groups. The complications were present in (55.0%) of women of reproductive age, and they were present in (69.2 %) of users of the Intra-Uterine Device followed by pills users (45.5%). The most common complications for the oral contraceptives were pain, malaise, and psychiatric disturbances (21.8%, 10.6%, 8.3%), respectively, while in the case of Intra-Uterine Device, the most common complications were bleeding and infection (31.4%, 21.6%) respectively. Injection contraceptive users had suffered from the infection (14.3%). The women’s age, residence, level of education, occupation, and economic status show a significant association with the use of contraceptives methods. The oral contraceptive pills and Intra-Uterine Device are the most frequently used contraceptives. The most common complaints were bleeding, infection, and pain. There is a significant association between the use of contraceptives methods and the women’s age, residence, level of education, occupation, and economic status.

Comparative assessment of overweight/obesity among rural and urban reproductive-age women in Ethiopia: Evidence from a cross-sectional 2016 national survey

2021 ◽  
pp. 026010602098234
Author(s):  
Gizachew Worku Dagnew ◽  
Melash Belachew Asresie
Keyword(s):  
Family Size ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Rural Women ◽  
Alcohol Intake ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Reproductive Age Women

Background: Overweight/obesity has become a global health problem for both developed and developing regions. Nowadays, overweight/obesity among childrearing-age women has become rapidly increasing in both urban and rural areas. Aim: This study aimed to assess the variation of overweight/obesity among urban and rural reproductive-age women in Ethiopia. Methods: For this study, the 2016 Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey data were used. The survey was a community-based cross-sectional study, which used a two-stage stratified cluster sampling technique to select the participants. A total of 13,451 reproductive-age women were included in the analysis. Both descriptive and analytical analysis was performed. A p-value of less than 0.05 was used as the measure of statistical significance. Results: The prevalence of overweight/obesity among urban reproductive-age women was statistically higher ( p = 21.5%; 95% confidence interval (CI): 18.2–25.1) than the rural women ( p = 3.5%; 95% CI: 2.9%–4.2%). Women who attend secondary or above education, women in the age groups 25–34 and ≥ 35 years, and high wealth index (rich) had higher odds of overweight/obesity in both urban and rural women. Moreover, women who were married, who had a large family size, and who have a history of alcohol intake had higher odds of overweight/obesity among urban women. Conclusions: Overweight/obesity among reproductive-age women is a public health problem in Ethiopia, especially for women who are living in urban settings. Therefore, it is important to establish targeted overweight reduction programs with particular emphasis on urban, older aged, educated, and married women. Additionally, encouraging the limitation of the number of family size and alcohol intake can reduce women’s overweight/obesity.

scholarly journals Nutritional Status of Children and Its Associated Factors in Selected Earthquake-Affected VDCs of Gorkha District, Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Asmita Shrestha ◽  
Chet Kant Bhusal ◽  
Binjwala Shrestha ◽  
Kiran Dev Bhattarai
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Anthropometric Measurement ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Nutritional Status Of Children ◽  
Food Insecure Households

Background. Malnutrition is a major public health problem and most enveloping cause of morbidity and mortality among children and adolescents throughout the world. This study was aimed at assessing the nutritional status and associated factors among 6-10-year-old children in selected earthquake-affected areas of Gorkha district, Nepal. Methods. A community-based cross-sectional study among 420 mothers having children of age groups 6-10 years (with anthropometric measurement among children) was conducted using a mixed method in selected earthquake-affected areas of Gorkha district, Nepal, from October 2015 to April 2016. Gorkha was selected purposively from 14 earthquake-affected districts. Two village development committees were selected randomly among 6 having severe impact. Randomly, 5 wards were selected from each of the 2 village development committees. As the sample was 420, 42 children were selected randomly from every ward. Result. Among the 420 children, 31.9% were underweight, 51.9% were stunted, and 2.9% were wasted after the earthquake. Children who were more prone to being underweight were the following: male children (RR=1.34 95% CI: 1.01-1.78) and children from illiterate mothers (RR=2.49, 95% CI: 1.85-3.36), illiterate fathers (RR=1.73, 95% CI: 1.32-2.27), and homemaker mothers (RR=0.28, 95% CI: 0.20-0.38); children whose families were using nonimproved sources of water (RR=2.60, 95% CI: 1.07-6.60); and households having food insecurity (RR=12.97, 95% CI: 3.29-51.18). Similarly, children of illiterate fathers (RR=1.67, 95% CI: 1.41-1.97), children of illiterate mothers (RR=2.32, 95% CI: 1.91-2.83), children of homemaker mothers (RR=0.59, 95% CI: 0.49-0.70), children whose family were using treated water (RR=0.32, 95% CI: 0.15-0.67), and children from food insecure households (RR=10.52, CI: 4.05-27.33) were found to be stunted. After adjustment, children from households consuming nonimproved water were 6 times more likely (OR=6.75; 95% CI: 1.59-28.62) to be wasted. Conclusion. Illiterate mothers, illiterate fathers, mothers engaged in occupation other than household work, and food insecure households were found to be independent predictors of underweight and stunting. Nonimproved source of drinking water was found to be independent predictors of wasting.

scholarly journals Pelvic organ prolapse in rural Nepalese women of reproductive age groups: What makes it so common?

1970 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 35-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geeta Gurung ◽  
Ashma Rana ◽  
Archana Amatya ◽  
Keshang D Bista ◽  
Ananda B Joshi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pelvic Organ Prolapse ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Skilled Birth Attendant ◽  
Pelvic Organ ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Early Marriage ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Back Ache ◽  
Made In

Aim: To find out the prevalence, aetiopathogenesis and the magnitude of problems of pelvic organ prolapse (POP) among married women of reproductive age (MWEA) in the rural Nepalese community. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study conducted in eight selected districts (mountain/ hills to terai region) of Nepal linking community to health services. Proportionate samples of MWRA (15-49 years) in total samples of 2849 were interviewed using questionnaires and clinical examinations were made in health facililities. Results: Among 2849 women who agreed to take part on the study when interviewed (by enumerators with pretested questioners) 2070 (72.6%) came for assessment. POP was diagnosed in 207/2070 giving the incidence as 10% being commoner in the planes (8:1) than mountains. POP formed 2.8% of adolescent due to early marriage d" 15 years in (50%) and unsupported delivery by skilled birth attendant (SBA) out of health facilities (99.2%). Resumption of manual labor after delivery less than a month was (83.8%) and parity was responsible to some extent as P(1-3) occupied by T!. Mean duration of suffering being 7.8 years (e" 10 years in ¼.) having II°/III° or procidentia rectovaginal/ vesicovaginal fistula, urinary incontinence (stress/urge), bleeding, discharge from sore and ulceration, coital problem, urination/ defecation problem walking, sitting, back ache and chronic abdominal pain S!. Conclusion: In this large reproductive morbidity study including women in the rural community of varied ethenic groups from diverse ecology, basic community survey linked to clinical assessment in the health facility found the incidence of POP to be much higher in planes than hills giving unusually lower prevalence rate for POP as 10% than other clinic based studies.  doi:10.3126/njog.v2i2.1453 N. J. Obstet. Gynaecol 2007 Nov-Dec; 2 (2): 35 - 41

scholarly journals Magnitude and Associated Factors of Delayed Immunization Among Children Aged 11 -23 Months in Edagahamus town, Tigray, Ethiopia, 2018.

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Merhawit Gebremeskel Hagos ◽  
Teferi Gebru Gebremeskel ◽  
Selam Shushay Kassahun ◽  
Birhane Hailu Gebrezgi ◽  
Manay Kifle Woldegebriel
Keyword(s):  
Tertiary Education ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Vaccine Preventable Diseases ◽  
Keywords Child ◽  
Disease Epidemics

Abstract Background: Delay in receiving immunization is a major public health problem that has been associated with vaccine-preventable disease epidemics. In Ethiopia, many children have not received the benefits of age-appropriate immunization; thus more than 90% of child deaths are largely due to preventable communicable diseases. Therefore, the aim of this study to assess the magnitude and factors associated with delayed immunization among 12 -23 months old children’s in Edagahamus Town, Tigray, Ethiopia, and 2018 G.C. Methods: A community-based Cross-Sectional study was carried out on July1-30, 2018. A simple random sampling method was used to select study participants. Information was collected using a structured, pre-tested questionnaire. Vaccination dates were obtained from children’s immunization cards and timeliness assessed based on the recommended age ranges. Data were entered and analyzed using SPSS version 20.0. Variable with P-value < 0.2 in bivariate was exported to multivariate. The strength of association was identified using the odds ratio with a 95 % confidence interval (CI) and the P-value of <0.05 in multivariate was taken statistically significant. Results: In this study, the overall magnitude of delayed immunization was 29.5% (95%CI 26.7-45). Private firm work of mothers (AOR=0.205 95% CI 0.068-0.617) and Mothers who attend tertiary education (AOR 0.169, 95% CI 0.032-0.882) and secondary education (AOR 0.269, 95% CI 0.114-0.636) had the protective effect of delayed immunization. But the sickness of the child (AOR= 11.8, 95% CI 6.16-22.65) was a risk for delayed immunization. Conclusions: From the study, it is concluded that the magnitude of delayed immunization for children aged 12-23 months is high (29.5%) in Edagahamus. Delayed immunizations of children were predicted by the Mother's occupation, education, and the mother considered the child was too ill to undertake vaccination when it was due. Keywords: Child immunization, Delay to be immunized, Vaccine-preventable diseases

scholarly journals Women’s knowledge and participation in early detection of cervical cancer: a cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Elia Ika Rahmawati ◽  
Dini Andriyani ◽  
Fathiyatur Rohmah
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
P Value ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Incidence And Mortality

Cervical cancer is a malignant disease that remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality among women in the world. In Indonesia, only 5% of women of reproductive age screen for cervical cancer. 76.6% of cervical cancer patients are detected with the disease when they entered the advanced stage. Early detection of cervical cancer is the key intervention in the reduction of incidence and mortality of cervical cancer. Other studies reported that the awareness of women of reproductive age to do cervical cancer screening is still very low due to a lack of knowledge about cervical cancer. This study aimed to determine the correlation of knowledge and participation in early detection of cervical cancer in women in reproductive age. This study used an analytical survey with a cross-sectional approach. The sampling technique used incidental sampling with a total of 36 women in reproductive age. Data analysis used Chi-Square test. Statistical results showed that there was a significant correlation between knowledge of women in reproductive age about cervical cancer and participation in early detection of cervical cancer, which is p value = 0.020 ( 0.05) and coefficient of contingency (r) = 0.423. The level of closeness of the correlation is medium. Therefore, there is a need for tailored services that could improve knowledge of women in reproductive age about cervical cancer to improve participation with a view to preventing cervical cancer by early detection.

scholarly journals DETERMINANTS OF NUTRITIONAL STATUS OF UNDER 5 YEARS CHILDREN

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-10
Author(s):  
Hira Ejaz ◽  
Nirmal Walicha ◽  
Saba Rizwan ◽  
Sadaf Javeria ◽  
Sana Iqbal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Family Structure ◽  
Family System ◽  
Nuclear Family ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Severe Malnutrition ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background: Malnutrition continues to be a major public health problem in developing and underdeveloped countries. The objectives of the study were to determine the determinants of nutritional status of under 5 years children in our population. Materials & Methods: This analytical cross sectional study was conducted by the Department of Public Health, Islamabad, Federal College, Islamabad, from November 2016 to March 2017. Sample size was 200 selected by convenient sampling. Demographic variables were sex, age-groups, socio-economics status, family structure. Research variable was nutritional status. The data collection was done in urban slums of Islamabad on a structured questionnaire. Statistical analysis was done by using SPSS software. Results: Out of 200 children, 117(58.5%) were boys and 83(41.5 %) were girls. One hundred (50%) children were of 6 to 24 months and 100(50%) were of 25 to 59 months of age. Eighty three (41.5%) were rich and 117(58.5%) were poor. One hundred and fifty eight (79%) children were from joint family system and 42(21%) were living in nuclear family system were children. One hundred and fifty one (75.50%) were normal, 39(19.50%) were mild and 10(5%) were having severe malnutrition. Conclusion: Except age all the other factors including sex, socio-economics status and family structure were associated with nutritional status of under 5 year children.

scholarly journals A study on awareness on tuberculosis among urban slum population of Hyderabad

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 4941
Author(s):  
Sai Ram A. ◽  
Rama Krishna M. N. ◽  
Sunil Pal Singh C.
Keyword(s):  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Urban Slum ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Slum Dwellers ◽  
Inappropriate Treatment ◽  
Data Compilation

Background: Tuberculosis a major public health problem in India with highest burden of cases. India accounts for about 24% of global prevalence, 23% of the global incidence cases and 21% of global TB deaths. Irregular and inappropriate treatment of persons with active TB, unawareness about TB symptoms and treatment course, illiteracy, may be the major hurdles for TB eradication.Methods: A cross sectional, community based study was conducted in urban slum dwellers (n=153). Data compilation and analysis: All the data collected was entered and analyzed with MS excel software 2007 and Epi info 3.5.3. All tests were considered significant at p<0.05 level.Results: 18.3% told that cough+expectoration+evening rise of temperature+weight loss are the signs and symptoms of TB. 55.5% know that it spreads through cough and sneezing mixed with air. 23.5% knows blood examination, sputum examination, x-ray is the mode of diagnosis of TB.Conclusions: Literacy plays major role in creating awareness on TB.

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