scholarly journals An epidemiological study of prevalence of hypertension and its risk factors among non migratory tribal population of Mawai block of Mandla district of central India

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 957 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vishnu K. Gupta ◽  
Neeraj Rai ◽  
Neelam Anupama Toppo ◽  
Pradeep Kumar Kasar ◽  
Parul Nema
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Alcohol Intake ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Central India ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Tribal Population ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Associate Risk

Background: Hypertension is the most recognized modifiable risk factor of CVD, stroke and end stage renal disease and it is directly responsible for 57% of all stroke and 24% of all coronary heart disease related deaths in India. There is paucity of data on hypertension among tribal population. Addiction of Nicotine and some cultural practices like alcohol intake is common in tribal, which are the known risk factor for NCDs. Therefore, the study of health status of tribal communities related to hypertension, is highly desirable and essential. The objectives of the study were to determine the prevalence of hypertension and associate risk factors among non migratory tribal population. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted from March 2015 to February 2016 among 762 adults aged 20-65 years who were non migratory residents of Mawai block of Mandla districts, and they were selected through multi stage random sampling method. Results: Hypertension prevalence was 27.1% among study population. 82.2% study subjects had never undergone for blood pressure check-up. Prevalence was significantly associated with high age group. It was slightly more among the study subjects taking mixed diet than to pure vegetarian. Smoking and alcohol intake was found to be significantly associated with hypertension. It was more prevalent among mild and sedentary workers and association was significant with BMI ≥25. Conclusions: In the study every fourth study individual is Hypertensive, where smoking (in any form) and obesity was found as commonest risk factor for it.  

scholarly journals Optimal waist:height ratio cut-off point for cardiometabolic risk factors in Turkish adults

2009 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 488-495 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmet Selçuk Can ◽  
Emine Akal Yıldız ◽  
Gülhan Samur ◽  
Neslişah Rakıcıoğlu ◽  
Gülden Pekcan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Roc Curves ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk Factors ◽  
Youden Index ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Men And Women

AbstractObjectiveTo identify the optimal waist:height ratio (WHtR) cut-off point that discriminates cardiometabolic risk factors in Turkish adults.DesignCross-sectional study. Hypertension, dyslipidaemia, diabetes, metabolic syndrome score ≥2 (presence of two or more metabolic syndrome components except for waist circumference) and at least one risk factor (diabetes, hypertension or dyslipidaemia) were categorical outcome variables. Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curves were prepared by plotting 1 − specificity on the x-axis and sensitivity on the y-axis. The WHtR value that had the highest Youden index was selected as the optimal cut-off point for each cardiometabolic risk factor (Youden index = sensitivity + specificity − 1).SettingTurkey, 2003.SubjectsAdults (1121 women and 571 men) aged 18 years and over were examined.ResultsAnalysis of ROC coordinate tables showed that the optimal cut-off value ranged between 0·55 and 0·60 and was almost equal between men and women. The sensitivities of the identified cut-offs were between 0·63 and 0·81, the specificities were between 0·42 and 0·71 and the accuracies were between 0·65 and 0·73, for men and women. The cut-off point of 0·59 was the most frequently identified value for discrimination of the studied cardiometabolic risk factors. Subjects classified as having WHtR ≥ 0·59 had significantly higher age and sociodemographic multivariable-adjusted odds ratios for cardiometabolic risk factors than subjects with WHtR < 0·59, except for diabetes in men.ConclusionsWe show that the optimal WHtR cut-off point to discriminate cardiometabolic risk factors is 0·59 in Turkish adults.

scholarly journals Incidence and risk factors of neonatal thrombocytopenia: a pr

2016 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
Nila Kusumasari ◽  
Rinawati Rohsiswatmo ◽  
Djajadiman Gatot ◽  
Darlan Darwis
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Necrotizing Enterocolitis ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Significant Risk Factor ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Neonatal Thrombocytopenia ◽  
Complete Blood Counts

Background Thrombocytopenia is the most common hematological abnormality in the neonatal period. Hemorrhagic manifestations are found in 10% cases of thrombocytopenia. Neonatal thrombocytopenia commonly assumed due to sepsis, despite many risk factors that may caused thrombocytopenia.Objective To obtain incidence and risk factors of neonatal thrombocytopenia.Methods A cross sectional study was conducted in April 2009. Complete blood counts investigation was performed before age of 24 hours, medical conditions and risk factors of mothers and subjects were noted, as well as hemorrhagic manifestations. Subjects with thrombocytopenia were followed for 2 weeks. The risk factors consisted of hypertension in pregnancy, pre-eclampsia, eclampsia, intrauterine growth retardation, gestational diabetes mellitus, perinatal infection, asphyxia, sepsis, and necrotizing enterocolitis.Results Neonatal thrombocytopenia was found 17 (12.1%) of 140 subjects, consisted of 88.2% early onset and 11.8% late onset. Significant risk factor of mother was pre-eclampsia (PR 3.97, 95%CI 1.70 to 9.25), while significant risk factors of neonates were asphyxia (PR 5.66, 95%CI 2.49 to 12.86), sepsis (PR 5.33, 95%CI 2.33-12.19) and necrotizing enterocolitis (p=0.014; PR 9.2 95% CI 5.17 to14.84). We found 29.4% hemorrhagic cases of neonatal thrombocytopenia (i.e.,. skin, gastrointestinal, intracranial hemorrhage).Conclusions The incidence of neonatal thrombocytopenia was 12.2%. Significant risk factor of mother that caused thrombocytopenia was pre-eclampsia, while risk factors of neonates were asphyxia, sepsis and necrotizing enterocolitis.[Paediatr Indones. 2010;50:31-7].

Prevalence and Associated Factors of Urinary Schistosomiasis among Basic School Children in the Akyemansa District, Ghana

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Albert Abaka-Yawson ◽  
Christian Hotorvi ◽  
Enos Amoako Oduro ◽  
Philip Apraku Tawiah ◽  
Solomon Sosu Quarshie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
School Children ◽  
Schistosoma Haematobium ◽  
Intervention Strategy ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Urinary Schistosomiasis ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Basic School ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Background: Globally, urinary schistosomiasis has devastating implications on school children. It predisposes them to dysuria, haematuria among others which can negatively influence their academic performance. This study determined the prevalence and associated risk factors of urinary schistosomiasis among basic school children in the Akyemansa district.  Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study design using multi-stage sampling was used to enroll 504 basic school children from six communities of the Akyemansa District into study. Structured questionnaires were used to gather information on risk factors. Urine samples were collected and microscopically examined for the presence of Schistosoma haematobium (SH) ova. The observed ova were then quantified as light or heavy. Results: Prevalence of SH infection among school children in Akyemansa District was 10.32% [95% CI: 7.80 -13.31%]. Out of 52 participants who were infected, 69.2% had light infection whilst the rest had heavy infection. Female participants were less likely to be infected with SH than males [OR=0.47; 95% CI: 0.23-0.97], children who do not stay by the river/stream were also less likely to be infected with SH compared to those who lived near waterbodies [OR=0.35; 95% CI: 0.17-0.72]. Additionally, participants who did not play around water bodies were also less likely to be infected with SH compared to those who did [OR=0.17; 95% CI= 0.04-0.71; p=0.015]. However, inhabitants of Kotokuom were more likely to be infected compared to those in Pawuda [OR=8.54; 95% CI: 1.91-38.27; p=0.005] Conclusion: The prevalence of urinary schistosomiasis among basic school children in the Akyemansa district was found to be 10.32% [95% CI: 7.80 -13.31%]. Gender, staying around river/ stream, playing at river/ stream and habitation of participants were significantly associated with the prevalence of Schistosoma haematobium infection. The study therefore recommends that periodic drug administration and a comprehensive intervention strategy should be designed and implemented to reduce schistosomiasis prevalence.

scholarly journals Asthma and Keratoconus: An analysis of the risk factors association with the severity of keratoconus

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Srujana Sahebjada ◽  
Elsie Chan ◽  
Jing Xie ◽  
Grant Snibson ◽  
Mark Daniel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Significant Risk Factor ◽  
Educational Background ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Multivariable Regression

Abstract Background: A cross-sectional study was undertaken in Australia to explore a wide range of risk factors associated with keratoconus. A questionnaire addressing age, gender, educational background, ocular and medical history, smoking and alcohol consumption, and physical examination comprising anthropometric measurements was collected; eye examination was undertaken. The associations between a range of risk factors and keratoconus was determined using univariate and multivariable linear regression analyses.Main Text: A total of 260 keratoconus subjects were included in this study. Mean age of subject was 35.5 (SD= 14.8) years and the majority of the subjects were European 171 (68.2%). Initial univariate regression analysis identified the following risk factors at the p<0.1 level with keratoconus: higher body mass index, smoking cigarettes, diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis and asthma were associated with increased severity of keratoconus, whereas eczema was associated with less severe keratoconus. Following multivariable regression analysis, only asthma remained as a significant risk factor associated with 2.2 diopters (D) steeper average mean keratometry compared to keratoconus subjects having no asthma [p = 0.03; β= 2.18; 95% confidence intervals: 1.22, 4.14].Conclusion: Our study describes the comprehensive assessment of all the known risk factors in a large keratoconus cohort recruited in Australia. Our study has reported asthma as the only risk factor found to be significantly associated with keratoconus. The results of this study allow us to better understand the aetiology of keratoconus and such a knowledge could be useful in instigate systemic management of patients to slow or prevent keratoconus.

scholarly journals Non-communicable disease risk factor profile among Fishermen community of Kancheepuram district, Tamil Nadu: a cross sectional study

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 708 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kalaivani Annadurai ◽  
Nithiya Balan ◽  
Karnaboopathy Ranaganathan
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Non Communicable Disease

Background: Owing to growing epidemic of non communicable diseases (NCD), identification of risk factor profile is one of the high-priority actions required in reducing NCDs. Further, fishermen community possesses unique characteristics of a folk society despite the urban environment around it. Since major portion of the life of fishermen is spent at sea with bizarre sleep and eating pattern, their risk profile for non-communicable disease are different from general population. The objectives of the study were to assess the prevalence of risk factors for non-communicable diseases (NCDs) among fishermen community in Kancheepuram district, Tamil Nadu; to identify the association of the NCD risk factors with socio-demographic and occupational characteristics of the study participants. Methods: This was a descriptive cross sectional study conducted among 210 adult male Fishermen community of Kovalam, Kalpakkam and Mahabalipuram, of Kancheepuram district, Tamil Nadu during May to October, 2016 using a semi-structured questionnaire and all the participants were motivated to undergo laboratory investigations. Results: Prevalence of smoking tobacco form, smokeless tobacco use and alcohol use were 17.1%, 22.9% and 61.4% respectively. Mean blood pressure observed in our study was 120.14/77.86 mm Hg. Prevalence of hypertension was 39.05% and 13.3% were having abdominal obesity. Conclusions: NCD risk factors like hypertension, alcohol use was quite high in this fishermen community and it needs further evaluation. 

scholarly journals Prevalence and risk factors for HBV and HCV among incarcerated people who inject drugs in Iran: a cross sectional study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghobad Moradi ◽  
Parvin Mohamadi ◽  
Bushra Zareie ◽  
Mohammad Aziz Rasouli ◽  
Mohammad Mehdi Gouya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
People Who Inject Drugs ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hbv Vaccination ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
The Status ◽  
History Of ◽  
Hcv Screening

Abstract Background: This study aimed at determining the prevalence of and risk factors for hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) among incarcerated people who inject drugs (PWID) in Iran during 2015-16. Methods : The required data was collected from a database provided by Iranian national bio-behavioral surveillance surveys (BBSSs) of 11988 prisoners who were selected using multi-stage sampling method from among 55 prisons in 19 provinces during 2015-16. The data on demographics and behavioral status of subjects were collected through interviews and the status of HBV and HCV exposure were determined using ELISA blood test. A total of 1387 individuals with a lifetime history of drug injection were enrolled into the study. Data were analyzed using the survey package in Stata/SE 14.0. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression were used to investigate the relationships between risk factors and outcomes. Results : The mean age of the incarcerated PWID was 36.83 ± 8.13 years. Of all, 98.46% were male and 50.97% were married. The prevalence of HCV and HBV were 40.52% and 2.46%, respectively. HCV prevalence was associated with age≥30 years, being single, illiteracy and low level of education, prison term>5 years, history of piercing, and extramarital sex in a lifetime (P<0.05). Conclusions : The prevalence of HCV is alarmingly high. In general, it is recommended to adopt measures for HCV screening and treatment and HBV vaccination for incarcerated PWID without a history of vaccination.

scholarly journals METABOLIC SYNDROME

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (02) ◽  
pp. 277-281
Author(s):  
Ayesha Anwer ◽  
Majid Kaleem ◽  
Hassan Abbas ◽  
Asif Hanif
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Cardiology Department ◽  
Common Risk Factors ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Study Setting

Objectives: The objective of this study was to investigate the importance ofindividual IHD risk factors and major components of the metabolic syndrome associated withIHD. Study Design: Descriptive cross sectional study. Setting: Cardiology Department ofGulab Devi Chest Hospital Lahore. Period: Nov, 2015 to Feb, 2016. Methodology: Patientsof either gender and from 20 to 90 year of age admitted with IHD via emergency departmentwere recruited after informed consent. The frequency of metabolic syndrome was evaluated inthese patients. In addition the individual component of metabolic syndrome as risk factor of IHDwas calculated. The data was analysed by using the SPSS version.16. Results: The metabolicsyndrome present in 44.67%of IHD patients and more prevalent in men 52% than in women48%. Total of 150 patients of IHD studied with both gender as male 94(63.33%) vs female 55(36.67%). The most common risk factor of metabolic syndrome for IHD was high blood pressurepresent in 75% of patients followed by diabetes in 50%, abdominal obesity 40.67%, low HDL42.67% and high TG in 32%. Conclusion: The metabolic syndrome is highly prevalent amongIHD patients especially in men. The most common risk factors are hypertension and diabetes.

scholarly journals Triptans Use for Migraine Headache among Nonelderly Adults with Cardiovascular Risk

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monira Alwhaibi ◽  
Arijita Deb ◽  
Usha Sambamoorthi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Migraine Headache ◽  
Medical Expenditure Panel Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Medical Expenditure ◽  
Lower Percentage ◽  
Panel Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Relationship

Objective. To examine the association between the cardiovascular (CV) risk factors and triptans use among adults with migraine. Methods. A retrospective cross-sectional study design was used. Data were derived from 2009–2013 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS). The study sample consisted of adults (age > 21 years) with migraine headache (N = 1,652). Multivariable logistic regression was used to examine the relationship between CV risk factors and triptans use. Results. Overall, 21% adults with migraine headache used triptans. Nearly two-thirds (61%) of adults with migraine had at least one CV risk factor. A significantly lower percentage of adults with CV risk (18.1%) used triptans compared to those without CV risk factors (25.5%). After controlling for demographic, socioeconomic status, access to care, and health status, adults with no CV risk factors were more likely to use triptans as compared to those with one CV risk factor (AOR = 1.83, 95% CI = 1.17–2.87). There were no statistically significant differences in triptans use between those with two or more CV risk factors and those with one CV risk factor. Conclusion. An overwhelming majority of adults with migraine had a contraindication to triptans based on their CV risk factors. The use of triptans among adults with migraine and multiple CV risk factors warrants further investigation.

scholarly journals A study of non-communicable diseases risk factors among the tribal population of Lefunga block, Tripura: cross sectional study

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. 4478
Author(s):  
Aman Kumar ◽  
Rupali Choudhury ◽  
Sushma Yadav
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Abdominal Obesity ◽  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Tribal Population ◽  
Multiple Logistic Regression ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Non Communicable Disease

Background: The burden of non-communicable diseases such as diabetes and coronary heart disease is increasing both globally and in India. The present study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of risk factors associated with non-communicable disease and to study the association of the risk factors with non-communicable disease among tribal population of Lefunga Block of Tripura.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Lefunga block during April to June 2017 among 150 Indigenous tribal population of Tripura. Multistage random sampling was used. A predesigned, pretested, semi-structured modified WHO STEPs questionnaire was used. Chi square and Multiple Logistic Regression was done to see association.Results: Mean age was 39.03±12.76 years. Majority (66.7%) were females and (44.7%) had studied up to secondary. (26%) were tobacco smokers and (68%) were tobacco chewing. (36%) were alcoholic. (89.3%) had exercising for <2.5 hrs. 68% were taking vegetables >10 times/ week and 88.7% were taking fruits <5 times/week. (26%) were overweight, (45.3%) had abdominal obesity and 31% were hypertensive. 93.3% were aware of the harmful effects of tobacco consumption. Multiple logistic regression analysis showing factors associated with male were more likely to had higher abdominal obesity and alcohol user >50 yrs, government employee. With smoking, male having more chances of smoking and Age group of 20-30 yrs and 31-40 yrs.Conclusions: The mean age was 39.03±12.76 years. (26%) were overweight, (45.3%) had abdominal obesity and (31%) were hypertensive. NCD clinic, IEC should be increased. 

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