scholarly journals Systematic screening of pulmonary tuberculosis among HIV high risk groups in two districts of Chhattisgarh: a feasibility study

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 3864
Author(s):  
Ashish Kumar Sinha ◽  
Sumeet Tripathi ◽  
Kshitij Khaparde ◽  
Avinash Chaturvedi ◽  
Swapnil Vasant Shinkar
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Compliance Rate ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Screening Strategy ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Systematic Screening ◽  
Pulmonary Tb ◽  
Hidden Population

Background: HIV is an important risk factor for the development of tuberculosis. People living with HIV are 21-34 times more likely to develop TB than their uninfected counterparts. Efficient approach for detecting more cases along with shortened duration of infectivity involves a systematic screening of pulmonary TB in settings where high risk groups are concentrated even before the diagnosis HIV infection. Lack of proper screening strategy for HRGs might result in their exclusion from timely intervention which may prove lethal without treatment.Methods: A cross sectional study was carried out in two districts of Chhattisgarh during September-December 2019.Training cum sensitization sessions were conducted for peer educators, outreach workers, counselors and project managers prior to the survey and were trained for systematic screening of pulmonary TB, sputum collection and transportation to GeneXpert®MTB/RIF lab and other relevant data collection for pulmonary TB diagnosis.Results: A total of 3963 HRGs were intended to be included in the study, 3418 were screened with 86.2% compliance rate. Out of all HRGs screened (3418), 81 (2.4%) were found presumptive pulmonary TB, of them 2 (0.05%) were microbiologically confirmed, 5 cases were found with incomplete treatment (all were IDUs). Prevalence of tobacco use, alcohol use, diabetes and hypertension were observed in 5.3% and 7.2%, 1.2% and 1.1 respectively.Conclusions: Although yield for pulmonary TB in this study was not much, the study has demonstrated that active case finding for accessing such a hidden population through existing manpower can assure better acceptability and feasibility in resource poor settings. 

scholarly journals Hepatitis B and C prevalence among the high risk groups of Pakistani population. A cross sectional study

2012 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul Rauf Memon ◽  
Kashif Shafique ◽  
Ashraf Memon ◽  
Agha Umer Draz ◽  
Mohammad Uzair Abdul Rauf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pakistani Population

scholarly journals Coping styles in HIV positives and HIV negatives

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammadreza Heydari ◽  
Yasaman Karimzadeh ◽  
Marjan Faghih ◽  
Zahra Heydari ◽  
Elhamsadat Hosseini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Marital Status ◽  
Sex Education ◽  
Coping Styles ◽  
Demographic Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Risk Behaviours ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract Background Choosing the most useful and versatile way to solve one's personal and social problems is one of the most important choices in individual life. The aim of this study was to compare the coping styles of people living with Human immunodeficiency virus positive and negative. Methods This is a Cross-sectional study that accomplished in Shiraz Behavioural Disease Counselling Centre in 2019 and 2020. For this purpose, in the first phase, 40 HIV+ and 40 HIV− patients were randomly selected to answer the questionnaire of dealing with the stressful conditions of Andler and Parker. In the second phase, the same questionnaire was filled out along with a reality distortion questionnaire from similar individuals (40 HIV+ and 40 HIV−). Results 92% of the HIV population in this study was between 15 and 55 years and 8% was upper than 55 years. 90% of them had no university degree. Among all, 47.5% of them were, 48.5% were self-employed and 49% of them were infected sexually. The results showed that in the first stage there was a significant relationship between marital status and the chances of getting the disease in people, and after controlling the demographic factors, coping styles did not show a significant effect on the disease. In the second stage, the factors of age, sex, education, and marital status had significant effects on people living with HIV, but the effect of coping styles on people with HIV was not significant (P < 0.05). Conclusion Therefore, it can be concluded that demographic factors more than coping styles can affect the chances of high-risk behaviours; so, what is identified and measured as a coping style in people in the process that leads to the manifestation of high-risk behaviours or healthy behaviour does not matter much. It should be noted that the reason for rejecting the hypotheses of this study could be the effect of cultural and social factors of Iranian society.

scholarly journals Cross-sectional study of chronic hepatitis B virus infection in Rwandan high-risk groups: unexpected findings on prevalence and its determinants

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. e054039
Author(s):  
Justine Umutesi ◽  
Carolina Klett-Tammen ◽  
Sabin Nsanzimana ◽  
G Krause ◽  
J J Ott
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Hepatitis ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Chronic Hbv Infection ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Chronic Hbv

ObjectivesUsing secondary data from 208 079 Rwandans, we determined the prevalence of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection among high-risk groups and its demographic, geographical and health-related determinants.DesignIn this cross-sectional study, we obtained and analysed data from a national hepatitis B vaccination and screening campaign conducted in Rwanda in 2017. We performed logistic regression to examine associations between chronic HBV infection and related factors such as risk status and geographical characteristics.SettingIndividuals were sampled nationally in all 30 districts across 4 provinces and the city of Kigali and all prisons in Rwanda.ParticipantsThe study involves 208 079 individuals at high risk including prisoners and other high-risk groups (oHRG).Main outcomeThe primary outcome for our study was hepatitis B surface antigens (HBsAg) prevalence.FindingsFrom 208 079 adults participants, 206 517 (99.2%) had valid HBsAg results, 4.3% of 64 944 prisoners and 4.0% of 140 985 oHRG were HBV positive. The prevalence was higher in Northern Province 5.1%, (95% CI 4.8 to 5.4). In multivariate analysis, the odds of infection decreased with increasing age, and hepatitis C antibody positivity reduced the odds for chronic HBV (OR 0.58, 95% CI 0.52 to 0.66 and OR 0.74, 95% CI 0.62 to 0.89 among oHRG and prisoners, respectively). In addition, being female was associated with lower odds of HBV (OR 0.70, 95% CI 0.66 to 0.74 and OR 0.80, 95% CI 0.65 to 0.98 among oHRG and prisoners, respectively).ConclusionWe found that individuals below 55 years of age and individuals who belong to high-risk groups (ie, sex workers, injection drug users, men who have sex with men, etc) have a higher probability of chronic HBV infection. Infection with chronic hepatitis C virus was not correlated with chronic HBV infection in our study population. Potential explanations include differential routes of transmission, specific immunological and pathophysiological factors or different effects of health prevention and control programmes.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence of Leptospirosis among High-Risk Individuals in Morocco

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Mohamed El Azhari ◽  
Mathieu Picardeau ◽  
Imad Cherkaoui ◽  
Mohamed Anouar Sadat ◽  
Houda Moumni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
High Risk Populations ◽  
Human Blood Samples

Background. Leptospirosis is an anthropozoonotic reemerging neglected infectious disease underreported in most developing countries. A cross-sectional study was performed between 17 and 23 February 2014 to estimate the seroprevalence of leptospirosis among high-risk populations in Casablanca (Morocco). Methods. A total of 490 human serum samples (97.6% males) were collected in 3 high-risk occupational sites including the biggest meat slaughterhouse (n = 208), a poultry market (n = 121), and the fish market (n = 161). A total of 125 human blood samples were also collected from the general population and used in this study as a control group. To detect the presence of anti-Leptospira, sera were screened with in-house IgG and IgM enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Positive samples were tested by Microscopic Agglutination Technique (MAT) using a panel of 24 serovar cultures and cut point of 1 : 25. Results. Seroprevalence of leptospirosis among the control group was 10.4% (13/125). A high seropositivity among the overall seroprevalence of 24.1% (118/490) was observed in the high-risk groups of which 7.3% (36/490), 13.7% (67/490), and 3.1% (15/490) were for anti-Leptospira IgM, IgG, and both IgG and IgM antibodies, respectively. Most of the positive individuals were occupationally involved in poultry (37.2%), followed by the market fish (26.1%) and the meat slaughterhouse (14.9%) workers. Among all ELISA-positive serum samples, 20.3% (n = 24) had positive MAT responses, of which the Icterohaemorrhagiae (n = 7) is the most common infecting serogroup followed by Javanica (4), Australis (2), and Sejroe, Mini, and Panama (one in each). In the remaining 8 MAT-positive sera, MAT showed equal titers against more than one serogroup. Conclusion. Individuals engaged in risk activities are often exposed to leptospiral infection. Therefore, control and prevention policies toward these populations are necessary.

scholarly journals Clinical value of self-assessment risk of osteoporosis in Chinese

Open Medicine ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 190-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong-Mei Zhang ◽  
Hui-Ling Liu ◽  
Xuan Wang ◽  
Wei Chen ◽  
Dan Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Height Loss ◽  
High Risk Population ◽  
Clinical Value ◽  
Self Assessment ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medium Risk

AbstractBackgroundEarly detection of high-risk population for osteoporosis is the key to preventing this disease. Methodology: In this cross-sectional study a continuous sample of 270 women and 89 men (age: 20–90 years) was divided into four groups by age (≤ 55 or > 55 years) and sex. Participants completed the IOF test. Low-, medium-, and high-risk grades were defined by an OSTA index of greater than -1, -1 to -4, and less than -4, respectively. Results: Most participants were categorized in the low-risk group (240 people, 66.9%), followed by the medium-risk (102 people, 28.4%) and high-risk groups (17 people, 4.7%). Compared to women, men in both age groups had significantly higher OSTA index and greater numbers of positive answers on the IOF test. 64.3% individuals were susceptible to osteoporosis risk (≥1 positive answers on the IOF test). Multiple regression analysis demonstrated that family history of fragility fracture (OR: 0.503, 95% CI: 0.26–0.97), height loss exceeding 3 cm (OR: 2.51, 95% CI: 1.55–4.05), and earlier menopause (OR: 0.434, 95% CI: 0.19–0.97) were associated with higher risk grades. Conclusions: Combined use of the OSTA and IOF test is a simple and effective method for assessing the risk of osteoporosis.

scholarly journals Cross-Sectional Study to Determine the Prevalence of Hepatitis B and C Virus Infection in High Risk Groups in the Northeast Region of Brazil

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 793 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jakeline Ribeiro Barbosa ◽  
Cristianne Sousa Bezerra ◽  
Filipe Carvalho-Costa ◽  
Carolina Pimentel de Azevedo ◽  
Geane Lopes Flores ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Northeast Region

scholarly journals Role of perceived heart risk factors by outpatient population in predicting cardiovascular risk

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 100-108
Author(s):  
Ali Soroush ◽  
Nasim Shams-Alizadeh ◽  
Afsoon Vahdat ◽  
Zeinab Mohebi ◽  
Mozhgan Saeidi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Lifestyle Risk ◽  
Physiological Risk

Introduction: Regarding the expanding population in developing countries who are at risk for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), identification and management of effective factors are important in reducing the risk of CVDs. So, the present study aimed to assess the role of perceived heart risk factors (PHRFs) in the prediction of cardiovascular risk among outpatient patients. Methods: The samples of this cross-sectional study included 150 outpatient patients who attend the clinic of Imam Reza hospital during October-December 2016. The participants were completed the Perceived Heart Risk Factors Scale (PHRFS) and Cardiovascular Risk Assessment Questionnaire (CRAQ). Data analyzed through Pearson correlation and multiple regression analyses. Results: Based on the findings, 28%, 40%, 22.7%, and 9.3% of patients were low, medium, high, and severely high-risk, respectively. The strongest predictors of the cardiovascular risk were physiological (β = -0.273; P = 0.004), psychological (β=0.236; P = 0.020), and biological risk factors (β=0.209; P = 0.016), respectively. In addition, the strongest predictor of the lifestyle risk was physiological risk factors (β = -0.264; P = 0.007). Other variables do not play a significant role in predict the lifestyle risk (P > 0.05). Our model was able to explain 9.2% of cardiovascular risk variance and 5.7% of cardiovascular risk caused by lifestyle variance. Conclusion: The higher patients’ perception about biological and psychological risk factors is concerned as an alarm for increased cardiovascular risk while higher perception about physiological risk factors is associated with reduced cardiovascular risk caused by lifestyle and total cardiovascular risk. The programs reducing cardiovascular risk should target the high-risk groups to save cost and time.

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