scholarly journals Risk factors of visceral leishmaniasis among residents of Baringo County, Kenya

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 5251
Author(s):  
Emily G. Kiptui ◽  
Sabella J. Kiprono ◽  
Gladys J. Mengich
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Individual Risk ◽  
P Value ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Chi Square Test

Background: Leishmaniasis is protozoan disease, transmitted by Sandflies. The annual incidence of visceral leishmaniasis in East Africa is between 29,400 and 56,700 cases, accounting for approximately 15% of the global cases. Visceral leishmaniasis is endemic in Baringo County yet the current report on risk factor burden of the disease has not been documented. Objective was to assess risk factors associated with visceral leishmaniasis among residents of Baringo County, Kenya.Methods: Analytical cross sectional study design was conducted in Tiaty and Baringo south sub counties, Baringo County. The study population was 422 households selected through simple random sampling. The data collection tool were questionnaires. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, cross tabulations and chi square test of independence. Logistic regression was used to compute odds ratio. Variables with p value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results: Findings showed that uneducated were majority (68%), higher number of the population had more than 6 persons per household (70.6%). On occupation, pastoralists were more affected (62.2%), those living in mud and cracked house were more (61.8%) (63.0 %) respectively p<0.01. Daily activity 35.24, p<0.01), sleeping under acacia tree 53.42, p<0.01), sleeping outside the house 112.7, p<0.01), and presence of ant hills nearby homestead 32.42, p<0.01) were individual risk factors significantly associated visceral leishmaniasis.Conclusions: The risk factors increased the exposure of the community to visceral leishmaniasis infection which needs to be addressed through control and prevention measures.

scholarly journals Fatigue in Loading and Unloading Workers at the Port

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-100
Author(s):  
Viranda Nedine Putri Watulinggas ◽  
Mona Lestari ◽  
Novrikasari Novrikasari ◽  
Desheila Andarini ◽  
Anita Camelia
Keyword(s):  
Sun Exposure ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Work Climate ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
The Right

The port has a fairly dense loading/unloading activity according to the total flow of goods it manages. In addition to high work activities, environment factors such as noise and work climate can also affect the occurrence of work fatigue.  Therefore, this study aims to determine factors associated with work fatigue in loading/unloading workers at the port.  This study uses cross sectional study design with simple random sampling.  Data analysis used the Paired Sample T-Test and Chi-Square test.  The results showed that there was a difference of fatigue before and after work and as many as 71.2% of workers experienced moderate fatigue.  It is known that age (p-value = 0,000), breakfast habits (p-value = 0,000), and years of service (p-value = 0,000) have a significant correlation with work fatigue, while nutritional status (p-value = 0.203), workload (p-value = 0.140), hot work climate (p-value = 0.362), and noise (p-value = 0.880) have no correlation with work fatigue.  It was concluded that age, breakfast habits and work duration were related to work fatigue in loading/unloading labor.  Therefore, workers are advised to be used to have breakfast with the right menu and time and workers should wear hats while working to reduce sun exposure.

scholarly journals The Timeliness of Basic Immunization in Infants Related To The Knowledge About Covid-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 11-18
Author(s):  
Brivian Florentis Yustanta ◽  
Layudha Ikhrima
Keyword(s):  
Immunization Coverage ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Study Objective ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Independent Variable

During the covid-19 pandemic,  many parents are worried about providing basic immunizations for their infants. This caused the basic immunization coverage at Gandusari Public Health Service in Blitar Regency in April 2020 to decrease by 4.9%, and in May 2020 to decrease by 19.7%. This study objective to determine the correlation of  knowledge about covid-19 and the timeliness of basic immunization in infants. This research was analytic correlational with cross sectional study approach. The independent variable was knowledge about covid-19, while the dependent variable was the timeliness of basic immunization in infants. The population were all parents who had infants as many as 87 parents. This study using simple random sampling. The sample size was 71 parents. The instruments were maternal and child health book and questionnaires. The data were analyzed using chi square test. The results showed that p value 0.001 < 0.05 that there were any correlation of knowledge about covid-19 and the timeliness of basic immunization  in  infants.  The  sufficient  knowledge  of  parents  about  covid-19  made parents  hesitate  to  immunize  their  infants.  Providing  basic  immunization  to  infants during a pandemic is not prohibited as long as they comply with health protocols.

scholarly journals The Incidence of Anemia and the Student Achievement Index at Midwifery Department, Health Polytechnic of Banda Acehment Index Midwifery Program Banda Aceh

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (9) ◽  
pp. 401-405
Author(s):  
Nurlaili Ramli ◽  
Lia Lajuna
Keyword(s):  
Student Achievement ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Learning Performance ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
System Data ◽  
Banda Aceh

Anemia is a nutritional problem that is relatively difficult to overcome. The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between the events of Anemia and students achievement index in the Banda Aceh Midwifery program. The research design was a cross-sectional study, involving 163 participants, selected using simple random sampling. To get the data needed, this quantitative study used questionnaires, in-depth interviews and a hemoglobin device Quick-Check Set (Easy Touch) Testing System. Data were analyzed using Chi-square test. The results showed that there was a relationship between the incidence of anemia and the achievement index (p-value = 0.006). The incidence of anemia directly affects the students learning achievement indicating with the decreased immune system so it is susceptible to disease, decreases physical ability, learning activities thereby reducing their learning performance. Keywords: Anemia, Student achievement index, Midwifery students

scholarly journals Incidence of Stone Retropulsion in Ureteroscopic Pneumatic Lithotripsy for lower ureteric stones by using stone cone.

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (12) ◽  
pp. 2169-2172
Author(s):  
Khalid Hussain ◽  
Attiq-ur-Rehman Khan ◽  
Rao Nouman Ali ◽  
Maria Tariq ◽  
Salman Shahid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Success Rate ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Spiral Ct ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pneumatic Lithotripsy ◽  
Chi Square Test

Objectives: To measure the incidence of stone Retropulsion and its complication in ureteroscopic pneumatic lithotripsy for lower ureteric stones by using stone cone. Study Design: Observational cross sectional study. Setting: Gujranwala Medical College, Gujranwala. Period: January 2017 to December 2018. Material & Methods: Consecutive simple random sampling technique was used. Total 120 patients were treated with URS pneumatic lithotripsy for single ureteric stone were enrolled in study. The diagnosis was established by plain spiral CT scan in all patients. The incidence of stone Retropulsion and complications of procedure were noted. Data was analyzed using SPSS 22.0, chi square test was used to check stratification of data, p value less than 0.05 was taken significant. Results: The stone was in lower ureter in all patients who were included in study regardless of side. The mean age of patients was 46±2.6 years and 65% (78) patients were male while 35% (42) patients were females. Success rate of 97.5% (116) achieved in patients in which stone cone was used. Conclusion: Use of stone cone gives high success rate in preventing stone Retropulsion by using pneumatic lithotripsy.

scholarly journals Investigating The Risk Factors for Hypertension in A Population-Based Study: Fasa PERSIAN COHORT Data

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mostafa Bijani ◽  
Saeed Parvizi ◽  
Azizallah Dehghan ◽  
Massih Sedigh Rahimabadi ◽  
Mahsa Rostami Chijan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Test Analysis ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Study Population

Abstract Background: High prevalence of hypertension (HTN) and its subsequent serious complications make this disease as a major health-treatment concern in many societies. The current study aimed to investigate known factors as risk factors for hypertension and the way of their association in study population of Fasa cohort in south of Iran at 2019.Methods: This is an analytical-cross sectional study. Study population was the individuals covered by Fasa cohort. Information of the first phase of Fasa Persian cohort in south of Iran was used in the study. Independent t-test, chi-square test, analysis of variances, Pearson correlation coefficient, and logistic regression were used to analyze data. Data was analyzed using SPSS software version 22, and P-value<0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results: Out of the population of 10111 individuals of the study, 5546(54.86%) subjects were female and 4565(45.16%) were male. The overall prevalence of hypertension was 41.8 %. In the present study (28/5%) were with HTN stage 1, and (13/3%), were with HTN stage 2. In addition, a significant association was observed among HTN and cardiovascular diseases, diabetes and renal failure (p<0.5).Conclusions: prevalence of HTN in study population is considerable. Given its hazardous complications, application of appropriate methods in order to screen, prevent and treat HTN is necessary. In addition, using training programs, changing lifestyle, and promoting self-care behaviors can be effective in prevention, control, and decrease in hazardous complications caused by HTN.

scholarly journals The Timeliness of Baby’s Basic Immunization in Pandemic Based on Mother's Knowledge about Covid-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 234-241
Author(s):  
Dewi Taurisiawati Rahayu
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
Immunization Services ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
The Right

The Covid-19 pandemic situation has an impact on the implementation of health services which cause delays in immunization services in health facilities. National   data showed a decrease in the basic immunization from 55,2% in 2018 to 53,07% in 2019.  Meanwhile, East Java basic immunization was from 67,02% in 2018 to 61,33% in 2019. The data obtained in Blitar districts showed the number of immunization was BCG of 99,27%, Polio of 95,57%, measles and MMR of 80,04% and hepatitis B of 98,04%. The purpose of this study was to determine the correlation between mother's knowledge about Covid-19 and the timeliness of basic immunization in infants in Tulungrejo Village, Gandusari District, Blitar Regency. The study used analytical observational method with cross sectional study approach. The independent variable was (mother's knowledge about Covid-19) and the dependent variable was the timeliness of basic infant immunization. The study was conducted on 28th August to 20thOctober 2020. in Tulungrejo Village, Gandusari District, Blitar Regency. Population of 87 mothers who have babies. The sample was 71 respondents taken by simple random sampling technique. The instrument used a questionnaire. The data analysis used the chi square test with a value of α 0.05. Results : The results showed that out of 71 respondents, there were 63 (88.7%) categories of good knowledge, the timeliness of the right immunization was 62 (87.3%). Meanwhile, 8 (11.3%) respondents with sufficient knowledge and 9 (12.7%) had inappropriate immunization accuracy. While the chi square statistical test obtained p value = 0.001 (α <0.05), and with closeness value og 0.371 or low category.It can be concluded that there was a correlation between the mother's knowledge of Covid-19 and the timeliness of basic immunization in infants in Tulungrejo Village, Gandusari District, Blitar Regency.

scholarly journals Bacteriological Safety of Blood Collected for Transfusion at University of Gondar Hospital Blood Bank, Northwest Ethiopia

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hailegebriel Wondimu ◽  
Zelalem Addis ◽  
Feleke Moges ◽  
Yitayal Shiferaw
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Bacterial Contamination ◽  
Standard Procedure ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Northwest Ethiopia ◽  
Blood Bank ◽  
Bacterial Isolation ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Chi Square Test

Background. Transfusion associated bacterial infection has remained more frequent with a sever risk of morbidity and mortality. This study assessed the bacteriological safety of blood collected for transfusion. Method. A cross-sectional study was conducted at University of Gondar hospital blood bank from December 2011 to June 2012. Bacterial isolation, identification, and antimicrobial susceptibility tests were done as per the standard procedure. Chi-square test and P value were used to assess associations between risk factors and the bacterial isolation rate. Results. Twenty-one (15.33%) blood units were found contaminated with bacteria, and 95.24% contamination was due to external sources. The commonly isolated bacteria were Staphylococcus aureus, Coagulase negative Staphylococci, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella species, Streptococci species, Enterobacter species, and Citrobacter species. All of the bacteria isolated were 100% sensitive to Gentamicin, Chloramphenicol, Amoxicillin, and Doxycycline. Multiple antimicrobial resistances were observed in 66.7% of the isolates. Not using glove by phlebotomist, touching disinfected phlebotomy site and double puncture at the same hand or both hands of a donor were found to be risk factors for bacterial contamination. Conclusion. Bacterial contamination of blood to be transfused is a common problem in the hospital. So attention should be given to activities performed at the blood bank for safe transfusion practices.

scholarly journals Setting – based prevalence and correlates of central obesity: findings from a cross-sectional study among formal sector employees in Dodoma City, Central Tanzania

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariam John Munyogwa ◽  
Kaloli Sayi Ntalima ◽  
Secilia Ng’weshemi Kapalata
Keyword(s):  
Central Obesity ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Formal Sector ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Chi Square Test

Abstract Background Obesity at the workplace has been associated with symptoms of lower self-esteem, increased individual and employer healthcare costs, increased absenteeism and presenteeism and reduced productivity. Therefore, this study was designed to study the prevalence and correlates of central obesity among formal sector employees in Dodoma City. Methods Study design was a cross-sectional survey conducted from March to June, 2019. Participants were employees from formal sector employment defined as those paid regular monthly wage and with either a secured permanent or temporary contract. Simple random sampling was used to select four out of fifteen large buildings hosting various establishments. Respondents were obtained conveniently and interviewed face to face. Central obesity was defined as a waist circumference greater than 102 cm for males and greater than 88 cm for females. Chi-square test was conducted to assess the differences among the groups. Simple and multiple logistic regression models were fitted to identify the correlates of central obesity. Results A total of 392 respondents (98% response rate) agreed and participated in the study. The overall prevalence of central obesity was found to be 41.8% (164/392). The prevalence of central obesity was significantly higher among females (67.4% p < 0.001), respondents aged ≥51 years (60%, p = < 0.001), administrators (55.1% p = < 0.05), respondents with salary of > 1,000,000 Tanzanian Shilling (TSh.) per month (54.4%, p = < 0.05), respondents who eat homemade meals at the workplace (64.2%, p = < 0.05) and respondents with hypertension (62.5%, p = < 0.05). Correlates of central obesity were found to be female sex (AOR = 9.53; 95% CI: 5.49, 16.78), increased age, eating homemade meals at the workplace (AOR = 2.32; 95% CI: 1.04, 4.19) and hypertension (AOR = 3.15; 95% CI: 1.41, 6.91). Conclusions The present study revealed high prevalence of central obesity among formal sector employees in Dodoma City. Scholars and stakeholders are urged to generate more evidences and design appropriate interventions to curb the situation.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Microdontia among Patients Undergoing Orthodontic Treatment

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Single Tooth ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Relationship

Objective: This study was carried out to determine the prevalence of microdontia among patients undergoing orthodontic treatment. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted at Sindh Institute of Oral Health Sciences, (JSMU) from January-2020 to May-2020. Pre-treatment casts were taken of 140 subjects. The mesiodistal dimension of each tooth was recorded through the vernier caliper. Frequency and percentage were calculated for the presence of microdontia. The test applied was Pearson’s Chi-square test to assess the relationship between microdontia and variables like age and gender. P-value <0.05 was taken as statistically significant. Data analysis was performed on SPSS version 22. Results: A total of 140 subjects were selected i.e. 105 (75%) females and 35 (25%) males aged range 13 -30 years with mean age 18.29 ± 3.88. Out of 42, single tooth microdontia was found in 3 (7.1%), more than one tooth microdontia, and generalized microdontia was present in 36 (85.7%) and 3 (7.1%) respectively. Microdontia was found to be more common in the maxilla (n=42, 100%) than the mandible (n=14, 33.3%). It was found more common in females (n=37, 35.2%) as compared to males (n=5, 14.3%). Statistically significant relationship was found among gender and prevalence of microdontia (p=0.019) with a statistically insignificant relationship between age and presence of microdontia (p=0.228). Conclusions: Microdontia was found to be a frequent dental anomaly, was more common in maxilla and females with a significant association with gender.

scholarly journals Diagnostic, therapeutic and prognostic aspects of uterine synechiae managed by hysteroscopy in the gyanecological endoscopic surgery and human reproductive teaching hospital

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 56
Author(s):  
Etienne Belinga ◽  
Isidore Tompeen ◽  
Claude Cyrille Noa Ndoua ◽  
Junie Metogo Ntsama ◽  
Sandrine Mendibi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Past History ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Qualitative Variables ◽  
Preoperative Diagnostic ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Human Reproductive ◽  
History Of

Background: Uterine synechiae refers to a total or partial union of the inner walls of the uterus resulting from endometrial trauma. It is a cause of reproductive failure. Until now, synechia was not optimally treated and has remained understudied in Cameroon. Objective of present study was to Evaluate the diagnostic, therapeutic and prognostic aspects of uterine synechiae treated by hysteroscopy.Methods: We conducted a descriptive cross-sectional study with an analytical component from January 1st 2015 to July 31st 2017 at Yaounde. All patients diagnosed with uterine synechiae and treated with hysteroscopy were our sample. Sampling was consecutive. The chi-square test was used for the comparison of qualitative variables and Fisher's test for ANOVA variance analysis. The comparison of the averages was made by the Student's test. P-value less than 0.05 was considered as statistically significant.Results: Hysteroscopies were indicated for uterine synechiae in 14.50%. Nulliparous were 56.67%. A history of curettage/aspiration was present in 66.66%. All of the patients had a form of infertility and 83.33% had menstrual disorders. Hysterosalpingography showed a better sensitivity (88%). After hysteroscopic treatment, 63.30% had a complete anatomical restitution. There is a significant correlation between the stage of severity of synechia and anatomical restitution (p=0.008; Spearman correlation coefficient=-0.477).Conclusions: Uterine synechiae represent one-sixth of all indications for hysteroscopy and present clinically as menstrual disorder associated with infertility. A past history of uterine curettage is common. Hysterosalpingography has a better preoperative diagnostic sensitivity. Hysteroscopy allows optimal treatment.

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