scholarly journals Epidemiological snapshot of carcinoma lung at a tertiary cancer centre of Bihar, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 5867
Author(s):  
Amrita Rakesh ◽  
Pritanjali Singh ◽  
Manika Verma ◽  
Avik Mandal ◽  
Dharmendra Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Small Cell Lung Carcinoma ◽  
Stage Iv ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Common Site ◽  
Chewing Tobacco ◽  
Cell Lung Carcinoma ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Alk Positive ◽  
Epidemiological Profile

Background: According to the GLOBOCAN 2020 report, the estimated incidence of lung cancer in India was 72,510 in all ages and both sexes. In incidence, lung cancer ranked fourth overall among the various types of cancer. To study epidemiological profile in terms of clinical presentation, stage, risk factors and factors associated with late stage presentations at a newly established tertiary cancer care hospital BiharMethods: This was a retrospective-prospective analysis of collected data of histopathologically proven lung cancer cases in the Outpatients department (OPD) of Department of Radiotherapy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Patna over a period of 2.5 years from March 2018 to October 2020.Results: There were 140 patients, with a median age of 56 years, 59.28% (n=83) were smokers, 37.14% (n=52) used chewing tobacco, 24.28% (n=34) worked on earthen stoves and 15% (n=21) had passive smoking exposure. The male-to-female ratio was 1.64:1. Non-small cell lung carcinoma comprised 87.85% (n=123), stage IV presentation in 76.42% (n=107) cases with the most common site of metastases being bone (35.51%, 38 patients). IHC was performed on 64 patients (45.71%) of total 140 patients of which 51 patients were of adenocarcinoma histology. 35.29% (n=18) were EGFR positive and 28.57% (n=4) tested ALK positive. 4 patients tested for ROS-1 were negative. 32.14% (n=45) cases were treated empirically for Tuberculosis on the finding of chest X-ray only.Conclusions: Majority of the patients were males in advanced stage. Bone is the most common site of metastases. Long empirical treatments lead to late presentations.

Real-world evidence in the treatment of metastatic non-small cell lung cancer in a single institution of Colombia in the period August 2015 to August 2018.

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e18204-e18204
Author(s):  
Luis Eduardo Pino ◽  
Aylen Vanessa Ospina Serrano ◽  
Ivan Camilo Triana
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Egfr Mutation ◽  
Small Cell Lung Carcinoma ◽  
Target Therapy ◽  
Stage Iv ◽  
Small Cell ◽  
Small Cell Lung ◽  
Alk Rearrangement ◽  
Cell Lung Carcinoma

e18204 Background: In Colombia, lung cancer is the first cause of mortality. However, there is a large gap in terms of the information available regarding the characteristics and survival of these patients in the country. Methods: This is an observational, descriptive study of a cohort of patients with stage IV non-small cell lung carcinoma who initiated medical treatment at Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá, a high complexity hospital. We analyzed clinical characteristics, oncogenic addiction expression, PDL1 expression, treatments, progression free survival (PFS), overall survival (OSm) and treatment related complications. Results: Twenty-six patients were included during the 3 years. The OSm for all the cohort was 19.6 months(m). In the group without PDL-1 expression and negative for oncogenic addiction that received treatment with chemotherapy the OSm was 16.9m and the PFS 9.6m. The OSm for the group with EGFR mutation that received target therapy was 24,7m and the PFS 13.11m. The patients with ALK rearrangement treated with target therapy had an OSm 17m and PFS 5m. The group with expression greater than 50% for PDL-1 that received only immunotherapy OSm was 9.5m and PFS 9m, and in the group with expression for PDL-1 between 1-49% the median OSm and PFS has not been reached. In relation with grade 3 toxicity, 7% of patients that received chemotherapy had kidney failure, 7% emesis and 15% hyporexia. Patients that received target therapy 9% had diarrhea and 9% hepatotoxicity. 9% of patients with bevacizumab presented bleeding and 8% of patients with immunotherapy had autoimmune colitis, in all these cases the medication was suspended. Hypothyroidism was the most frequent complication with the immunotherapy, and it was resolved with substitution therapy. Conclusions: Clinical characteristics and outcomes of this cohort were similar to other lung cancer patients series. Factors like cigarette, nutritional status and ECOG were no significant in the survival. 34,6% of patients had EGFR mutation and 7% had ALK rearrangements. Related to PDL1 we found 26% expresser patients. The highest OS and PFS was for the group with the EGFR mutation and for the group with PDL-1 expression between 1-49%.

scholarly journals AN EPIDEMIOLOGICAL PROFILE OF NON SMALL CELL LUNG CARCINOMA AT TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL, JAIPUR

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jitendra Kumar Sharma ◽  
Vinod Joshi ◽  
Narendra Khippal ◽  
Shubhra Jain
Keyword(s):  
Lung Carcinoma ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Small Cell Lung Carcinoma ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Small Cell ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Cell Lung Carcinoma ◽  
History Of ◽  
Epidemiological Profile

Background: Lung cancer is one of the most common cancer and leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide. We study an epidemiological profile of non small cell lung carcinoma at tertiary care hospital, Jaipur. Methods: This was a hospital based prospective and observational study carried out on Cases detected as non small cell carcinoma on histopathological examination of lung tissue biopsy of lung carcinoma patients attending OPD or hospitalized at Department of Respiratory Medicine during the year 2018-2019. Institute of Respiratory Diseases is a tertiary care center for tuberculosis and Respiratory diseases in Rajasthan. Results: Maximum numbers of cases were seen in male gender with age group 60-69 years accounting for 21 cases while number of females of this age group was also maximum comprising of 9 cases. Maximum male cases were smokers for more than 10 years and their number was 36 out of 95 cases while maximum number of female smokers was 8 with a history of smoking less than 10 years. Males with negative history of smoking were 14 while females were 5. Conclusion: Maximum male cases with lung carcinoma had history of smoking exposure more than 10 years as compared to females. Keywords: Lung carcinoma, Smoking, Male

Radiosurgery for patients with recurrent small cell lung carcinoma metastatic to the brain: outcomes and prognostic factors

2005 ◽  
Vol 102 (Special_Supplement) ◽  
pp. 247-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason Sheehan ◽  
Douglas Kondziolka ◽  
John Flickinger ◽  
L. Dade Lunsford
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Brain Metastases ◽  
Lung Carcinoma ◽  
Small Cell Lung Carcinoma ◽  
Small Cell ◽  
Small Cell Lung ◽  
Cell Lung Carcinoma ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Fine Print

Object. Lung carcinoma is the leading cause of death from cancer. More than 50% of those with small cell lung cancer develop a brain metastasis. Corticosteroid agents, radiotherapy, and resection have been the mainstays of treatment. Nonetheless, median survival for patients with small cell lung carcinoma metastasis is approximately 4 to 5 months after cranial irradiation. In this study the authors examine the efficacy of gamma knife surgery for treating recurrent small cell lung carcinoma metastases to the brain following tumor growth in patients who have previously undergone radiation therapy, and they evaluate factors affecting survival. Methods. A retrospective review of 27 patients (47 recurrent small cell lung cancer brain metastases) undergoing radiosurgery was performed. Clinical and radiographic data obtained during a 14-year treatment period were collected. Multivariate analysis was utilized to determine significant prognostic factors influencing survival. The overall median survival was 18 months after the diagnosis of brain metastases. In multivariate analysis, factors significantly affecting survival included: 1) tumor volume (p = 0.0042); 2) preoperative Karnofsky Performance Scale score (p = 0.0035); and 3) time between initial lung cancer diagnosis and development of brain metastasis (p = 0.0127). Postradiosurgical imaging of the brain metastases revealed that 62% decreased, 19% remained stable, and 19% eventually increased in size. One patient later underwent a craniotomy and tumor resection for a tumor refractory to radiosurgery and radiation therapy. In three patients new brain metastases were demonstrating on follow-up imaging. Conclusions. Stereotactic radiosurgery for recurrent small cell lung carcinoma metastases provided effective local tumor control in the majority of patients. Early detection of brain metastases, aggressive treatment of systemic disease, and a therapeutic strategy including radiosurgery can extend survival.

New lung cancer treatment strategy with molecular target of PKCeta

Impact ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (8) ◽  
pp. 56-58
Author(s):  
Motoi Ohba
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Lung Carcinoma ◽  
Small Cell Lung Carcinoma ◽  
Growth Factor Receptor ◽  
Small Cell ◽  
Surgical Removal ◽  
Small Cell Lung ◽  
Cell Lung Carcinoma ◽  
Nucleotide Mutation

Lung cancer is one of the most prevalent and lethal forms of the disease accounting for almost 20 per cent of all deaths from cancer. It is therefore the leading cause of cancer death in men and second most fatal in women. There are between 1.5 and 2 million new cases of cancer globally every year. A similar number die from the disease annually. There are two forms of lung cancer – small-cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) and non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). SCLC is the more aggressive form being faster growing and more metastatic, however it also responds more effectively to treatments such as chemotherapy. NSCLC is the more common form of the disease, accounting for 85 per cent of cases. They develop more slowly than SCLCs, however they are largely unresponsive to chemotherapy and require precise surgical removal. Both present a huge medical problem in terms of diagnosis and treatment. Due to its far higher prevalence, NSCLC is the most studied of the two forms. A chemotherapeutic treatment has been developed that targets the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). EGFR is majorly upregulated in most cases and plays a key role in the tumour's growth and survival. The treatment blocks the receptor and is usually very effective in the first instances. However, it is typically unable to clear the cancer as a single nucleotide mutation is capable of rendering the inhibitor unable to act on the receptor. Therefore, the cancer returns and continues to develop. New treatments are also required. This is the work of Dr Motoi Ohba of the Advanced Cancer Translational Research Institute, Showa University, Japan. His work is aimed at both uncovering novel targets for cancer treatment and finding and developing molecules that could effectively manipulate these targets.

Targeted therapeutics for non small cell lung carcinoma

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Soumavo Mukherjee
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Lung Carcinoma ◽  
Small Cell Lung Carcinoma ◽  
Environmental Pollutants ◽  
Ether Linkage ◽  
University Of Missouri ◽  
Cell Lung Carcinoma ◽  
Age Of Diagnosis ◽  
The University ◽  
Gene Expression Levels

[ACCESS RESTRICTED TO THE UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI AT REQUEST OF AUTHOR.] "Lung carcinoma, also known as lung cancer, is a malignant tumor of lungs characterized by uncontrolled call growth in lung tissue. Tobacco smoking is the reason for nearly 85% of cases of lung cancer. The rest 10-15% are usually a combination of genetic factors, secondhand smoke, environmental pollutants, asbestos and radon gas exposure. Chest radiography and CT scan with confirmation by biopsy are the ways to detect the cancer. The type of cancer, degree of spread and the overall health weigh in on the outcome and eventual possible cure. Still now, most cases are not curable. Surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy are the treatments of choice for all types of lung cancer. Being the most common form of cancer in men and second most common form in women, after breast, data of the year 2012 showed 1.8 million incidences of lung cancer resulting to 1.6 million deaths worldwide, with the most common age of diagnosis being 70 years. 5-year survival rate in USA is 17.4%. ... Studies has been done to unravel the downstream effect after knocking down the oncogene via siRNA(42). Malignant cells have a number of secondary pathways, along with the primary pathway, which remain dormant till the disruption of the primary pathway(43). A complex mechanism controls this function which is triggered by the change in downstream protein and gene expression levels. This makes the cancer cells develop drug resistance(44). In this project, we developed a gelatin-based nanoparticle (GelNP) that will act as a vehicle to deliver targeted siRNAs against NSCLC cells in combination with Cisplatin. The cetuximab (Ab), an EGFR targeting antibody, shall be attached to the surface. The AXL and FN14 SiRNAs shall be conjugated to the antibody by the thio-ether linkage. The cetuximab antibody shall be used to specifically target the cell and also to protect the siRNAs from degradation. We predict that 146kDa cetuximab antibody will shield the 15kDa siRNAs and prevent it from exposure to environment. Since AXL and FN14 has been observed to be related to EGFR, we hypothesize that knocking down AXL and FN14 will block EGFR and thus allow the TKI to continue its course of therapeutic action."--Introduction.

scholarly journals GSTP1 Ile105Val polymorphism among North Indian lung cancer patients treated using monotherapy and poly-pharmacy

2021 ◽  
pp. 096032712110594
Author(s):  
Harleen Kaur Walia ◽  
Navneet Singh ◽  
Siddharth Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Small Cell Lung Carcinoma ◽  
Predictive Biomarker ◽  
Hematological Toxicity ◽  
Cell Lung Carcinoma ◽  
Mutant Genotype ◽  
Lung Cancer Patients ◽  
Platinum Based Chemotherapy ◽  
Increased Risk

Background Genetic polymorphism within the P1 isoenzyme of the Glutathione-S-Transferase (GST) family is found to modulate and alter the enzyme activity of GSTP1 protein and thus may result in a change of sensitivity to platinum-based chemotherapy. We investigated the relationship between GSTP1 Ile 105 Val polymorphisms and overall survival, treatment response, and for both hematological and non-hematological toxicity of advanced North Indian lung cancer patients undergoing platinum-based double chemotherapy. Methods The polymorphism of GSTP1 Ile 105 Val in North Indian lung cancer patients was assessed by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. A total of 682 lung cancer patients were enrolled in the study, and it was observed that patients who were carrying both the mutant alleles ( Val/Val) for the GSTP1 polymorphism showed a higher trend of median survival time (MST) as compared to the patients bearing the wild type of genotype (Ile/Ile) (MST = 8.30 vs. 7.47, p = 0.56). Based on toxicity profiling, we observed that lung cancer patients with the mutant genotype of GSTP1 (Val/Val) had an increased risk of leukopenia (OR = 2.41; 95% CI = 1.39-4.18, p = 0.001) as compared to subjects carrying both copies of the wild alleles (Ile/Ile). Our data suggested that patients with heterozygous genotype (Ile/Val) had a 2.14-fold increased risk of developing severe anemia (OR = 2.14, 95% CI = 0.97-4.62, p = 0.03). Our data also showed that in small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) patients' polymorphism of GSTP1 was associated with thrombocytopenia (χ2 test = 7.32, p = 0.02). Conclusions Our results suggest that GSTP1 Ile105Val polymorphism could be a predictive biomarker for hematological toxicity, like leukopenia and anemia, but not thrombocytopenia or neutropenia

scholarly journals Risk factors, clinico-epidemiological profile of tuberculosis among children attending a tertiary care hospital: a two year study

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 851
Author(s):  
Ravikumar Tenali ◽  
Naveen Kumar Badri ◽  
Jithendra Kandati ◽  
Munilakshmi Ponugoti
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance ◽  
P Value ◽  
Tuberculous Lymphadenitis ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Extra Pulmonary ◽  
Epidemiological Profile

Background: TB remains as the one among the top 10 causes of death worldwide. In 2016, 10.4 million people fell ill with TB, and 1.7 million died from the disease with 0.4 million with HIV. At least 1 million children become ill with TB each year. Children represent about 10-11% of all TB cases. Having knowledge of the risk factors for tuberculosis infection in children is important to evaluate the level of ongoing transmission of infection and to help adapt activities within national TB control programs. The main objective is to study the risk factors and their association and variable clinical features in cases of pulmonary and extra pulmonary tuberculosis.Methods: The main objective is to study the risk factors and their association and variable clinical features in cases of pulmonary and extra pulmonary tuberculosis.Results: 98 cases of TB were confirmed out of total 628 with a prevalence of 17.07% in the   study with 78 PTB cases and 20 EPTB. Females were more with male to female ratio of 0.7:1.5-9 years was the most common age group in the study. Statistically significant association was found between old history of ATT, HIV positivity, contact with an open case of TB and malnutrition (p value<0.05). TB meningitis was the most common EPTB (10/20 cases) followed by tuberculous lymphadenitis (5/20). 69.39% (68/98 cases) were smear positive, radiologically 59.18% of cases were positive and Tuberculin skin test was positive in 46.94%.Conclusions: Childhood tuberculosis is a neglected entity in developing countries due to underreporting and difficulties in diagnosis due to variable clinical picture in children. Hence epidemiological surveillance studies in children are required to determine the actual prevalence of pulmonary and extra pulmonary cases of tuberculosis. Increased efforts are required to isolate TB bacilli from body fluids to identify early the childhood cases and manage them to prevent disease burden in the community.

scholarly journals Diagnostic and Prognostic Potential of Circulating Long Non-Coding RNAs in Non Small Cell Lung Cancer

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 816-827 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Peng ◽  
Jun Wang ◽  
Bin Shan ◽  
Zhenzi Peng ◽  
Yeping Dong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Protein Function ◽  
Small Cell Lung Carcinoma ◽  
Small Cell ◽  
Small Cell Lung ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
Cell Lung Carcinoma ◽  
Therapeutic Modalities ◽  
Diagnosis And Prognosis ◽  
Non Coding Rnas

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Approximately 80% of lung cancer cases are non–small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). However current diagnostic and therapeutic modalities against NSCLC are ineffective due to incomplete understanding of molecular pathogenesis of NSCLC. Emerging evidence shows that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) can function as biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis. LncRNAs can control transcription, translation, and protein function via diverse mechanisms although they lack the protein coding potential. LncRNAs have attracted intense investigations on their roles in cancer. Mounting evidence indicates that lncRNAs are promising biomarkers in diagnosis and prognosis for NSCLC, especially their presence in body fluids. Herein we will review recent advances in the research that explores the diagnostic and prognostic potentials of lncRNAs in NSCLC. We will also discuss emerging evidence that suggested lncRNAs as therapeutic targets in NSCLC.

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