scholarly journals Disparities among pediatric hospital admissions according to gender

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (7) ◽  
pp. 269
Author(s):  
Asim Hassan Mehdi ◽  
Kinza Riaz ◽  
Nimra Ghazal ◽  
Nighat Seema Kamran ◽  
Erum Saboohi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Pediatric Hospital ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Pediatric Ward ◽  
Paediatric Hospital ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Male Patients

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> The objective of the study was to determine the pattern of disparities among paediatric hospital admissions according to gender.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> This retrospective observational study was done at pediatric ward of Al-Tibri Medical College and Hospital Karachi from June 2018 to May 2019. Pediatric patients below 12 years of age admitted to the pediatric ward of the hospital were included while patients who were admitted for less than 24 hours, refused for consent by parent/guardian, surgical or ICU pediatric patients were excluded. SPSS was used for data analysis. Quantitative data included age, gender, diagnosis and seasonal variation, expressed as frequency in percentages and chi-square test was applied to test for significance.  </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Among 734 pediatric hospital admissions, 423 (58%) were males and 311 (42%) females. Highest percentages of pediatric admission in both genders were infants after which second most patients were from the 1-4 years group in both genders (p=0.01). 215 patients of acute gastroenteritis were male while 142 females. Among patients admitted with respiratory disease, 56 were males while 48 were females. 52 male patients were admitted with viral fever while 34 patients admitted were females (p=0.01).</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Our study reported a significant difference among gender variances in pediatric hospital admissions. Overall, not only males were predominant in admission to pediatric wards, they were also found to be predominant in disease categorization. Further studies set to determine the reasons behind such gender differences would help in determining plans accordingly to improve outcome of diseases.</p>

scholarly journals Evaluation of crestal bone resorption around cylindrical and conical implants following 6 months of loading: A randomized clinical trial

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (03) ◽  
pp. 317-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naser Sargolzaie ◽  
Hamid Reza Arab ◽  
Marzieh Mohammadi Moghaddam
Keyword(s):  
Bone Loss ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Pocket Depth ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Crestal Bone Loss ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
Maxilla And Mandible

ABSTRACT Objective: The purpose of this clinical study was to evaluate the effect of implant body form (cylindrical and conical implants) on crestal bone levels during 6 months' follow-up after loading. Materials and Methods: A total of 32 SPI implants (19 conical implants/13 cylindrical implants) were randomly placed in 12 male patients using a submerged approach. None of the patients had compromising medical conditions or parafunctional habits. Periapical radiographs using the parallel technique were taken after clinical loading and 6 months later. Clinical indices including pocket depth and bleeding on probing (BOP) were recorded on 6-month follow-up. Data were analyzed by independent samples t-test and Chi-square test with a significance level of 0.05. Results: Six months after loading, crestal bone loss was 0.84 (±0.29) mm around the cylindrical implants and 0.73 (±0.62) mm around the conical types, which was not significantly different (P = 0.54). Pocket depth around the cylindrical and conical implants was 2.61 (±0.45) mm and 2.36 (±0.44) mm, respectively (P = 0.13). BOP was observed among 53.8% and 47.4% of the cylindrical implants and conical (P = 0.13). Bone loss and pocket depth in the maxilla and mandible had no significant difference (P = 0.46 and P = 0.09, respectively). Conclusion: In this study, although bone loss and clinical parameters were slightly higher in the cylindrical implants, there was no significant difference between the conical- and cylindrical-shaped implants.

scholarly journals Pulpectomy in Maxillary First Molars With Distal Caries

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL3) ◽  
pp. 447-451
Author(s):  
Mohamad Qulam Zaki Bin Mohamad Rasidi ◽  
Bhagya lakhsmi T ◽  
Dinesh Prabu
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Life Quality ◽  
Primary Molars ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Primary Molar ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Male Patients

Dental caries is having the most prevalence of the chronic disease in pediatric patients. It is considered as the most unmet health care for society with the lowest socioeconomic status. If dental caries is not treated with proper treatment, it may develop more complicated consequences in various aspects such as dental, medical, social, and life quality. The aim of this present study was to evaluate the pulpectomy procedure in maxillary first primary molars with distal caries in the Chennai population visiting the Outpatient Department of Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Chennai based on their gender and age. A total of 199 patients details aged between 4 and 11 years old obtained from patients records to assess pulpectomy treatment done with distal caries involved, with their gender and age. Data analysis was done with the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) for Windows (version 20). Chi-square test was used to determine the association of occurrence pulpectomy with distal caries involvement in a maxillary first primary molar, gender, and age. In this present study, the prevalence of male patients was 56.8% and for females was 43.2% with p>0.05 (statistically insignificant). Males patients more prevalent for pulpectomy due to distal caries. Patients in the age group between 4 and 5 years old have a higher prevalence (55.7%) with p>0.05. The most prominent teeth number affected by distal caries was left maxillary first primary molar-64, with 52.8% prevalence. Within this limit of this study, this study showed that the prevalence of pulpectomy in maxillary first primary molars due to distal caries was more in males than females, and higher incidence for age between 4 and 5 years old, with the most affected tooth was left side, 64.

scholarly journals Birth Defects: A Hospital Based Study in Chittagong, Bangladesh

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 5-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tahmina Banu ◽  
Tanvir K Chowdhury ◽  
Sahadeb Kumar Das ◽  
Md Zonaid Chowdhury ◽  
Md. Momtazul Hoque ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Defects ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Anorectal Malformations ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Birth Prevalence ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Male To Female

Introduction: Birth defects are one of the most common causes of disability in developed and developing countries. Birth defects are structural or functional anomalies, including metabolic disorders, which are present at the time of birth. Although the worldwide incidence of birth defects is estimated at 3-7%, the rate varies widely between countries. In this paper, we categorized the birth defects most commonly seen in Bangladesh and their outcome. We hope to use this information to guide the strategies used to manage these problems.Materials and Methods: This hospital based, descriptive study was done in the Department of Pediatric Surgery in Chittagong Medical College and Hospital from January 2008 to December 2012. Records of all patients with birth defects in our hospital and departmental database were reviewed. Types of birth defects, age, sex, surgery performed and outcome were analyzed in patients admitted during this period. Data were analyzed by SPSS 17. Statistical analysis was performed by the chi-square test and mean and percentage values were calculated. P<0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.Results: During this five year period, there were 5661 patients of birth defects admitted in this department. Of these, 5156 had a single congenital anomaly and 505 had multiple congenital anomalies. The male to female ratio was 2.1: 1. Birth defects comprised 44.61% of all Pediatric surgical admissions and 0.90% of total hospital admissions. The gastrointestinal system was the most common organ system involved, followed by the genitourinary system. Inguinal hernias were the most common gastrointestinal abnormality and hypospadias were the most common genitourinary case. A total of 3921 operations were performed for birth defects, representing 69.26% of total admission for birth defects. Most operations were done for gastrointestinal and genito-urinary defects. Inguinal herniotomy was the most commonly performed operation followed by laparotomy for various indications. There were 225 deaths for birth defects. While this is only 3.97% of all admissions for birth defects, this represents 51.49% of all (pediatric) deaths during the study period. The most common cause of death was anorectal malformations followed by gastroschisis.Conclusion: The study helps assess the burden of birth defects in the Bangladeshi society. There is a need for more extensive, nationwide screening studies to determine the birth prevalence, types and distribution of birth defects in Bangladesh.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/cmoshmcj.v13i3.20994

scholarly journals PROFILE OF EPILEPSY PATIENTS IN THE PEDIATRIC WARD AT DR. SOETOMO GENERAL HOSPITAL, SURABAYA IN THE PERIOD OF JANUARY-DECEMBER 2017

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 40
Author(s):  
Dewi Sekarsari ◽  
Viskasari P. Kalanjati ◽  
Abdulloh Machin ◽  
Prastiya I. Gunawan
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
General Hospital ◽  
Febrile Seizure ◽  
General Type ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pediatric Ward ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Square Test

Background: Various risk factors of epilepsy in children had been reported although differences were found amongst regions. Objective: To determine the differences in risk factors and type of epilepsy patients with febrile seizure history in children aged 0-17 years old at the Pediatric Ward, Dr. Soetomo General Hospital, Surabaya in 2017. Material and method: This is a cross sectional retrospective study, using secondary data from medical records of epilepsy patients with febrile seizure history in children aged 0-17 years old at Pedicatric Ward, Dr. Soetomo General Hospital, Surabaya in the period of January-December 2017. Data analysis was done using t-test and the Chi-Square test (Microsoft Excel 2007 and SPSS 22); level of significance was p<0.05. Result: Seventy-four male and 38 female patients were included. Febrile seizure history is observed in 42 patients and there was no significant difference between febrile seizure history and prevalence of epilepsy. The general type of seizure was found in 79 patients; mostly from Surabaya and the parents’ occupation is private employee. The most observed type of seizure is general type. Conclusion: In this study, epilepsy was predominance in males than females; and significantly more patients without febrile seizure history. General type of seizure is the most common type amongst others. These patients were mostly from Surabaya, with parents' occupation was private employees.

scholarly journals URETHROCUTANEOUS FISTULA FOLLOWING SNODGRASS VERSUS TWO STAGE AIVAR BRACKA REPAIR OF DISTAL PENILE HYPOSPADIAS IN MALE CHILDREN: A RANDOMIZED CONTROL TRIAL

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 54-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Habib Ullah Shah ◽  
Huma Gul ◽  
Rashid Khan ◽  
Muhammad Marwat
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Urethrocutaneous Fistula ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
Randomized Control ◽  
And Control

Background: Hypospadias is the most common congenital malformation of the urethra with the prevalence of 1 in 200-300 live male births. The objective of this trial was to compare the frequency of urethrocutaneous fistula between Snodgrass and two staged Aivar Bracka repair of distal penile hypospadias in male children. Material & Methods: This RCT was conducted in Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar, Pakistan from 1st June 2013 to 31st May 2014. 64 male patients were randomly allocated to two surgical procedures, 32 to experimental (Snodgrass) group and 32 to control (two stage Aivar Bracka) group. Age in years, age groups and presence of urethrocutaneous fistula were variables. Age in years was analyzed by mean, SD and range and other variables by count and percentage. McNemar chi-square test was applied to see the significance of difference between the experimental and control groups in terms of frequency of urethrocutaneous fistula at alpha 0.05. Results: Mean age in experimental (Snodgross) group was 6.74 years±1.26 & in control (Aivar Bracka) group 6.71 years ±1.29. The urethrocutaneous fistula was present in three (9.38%, 80% CI 2.77-15.99%) cases in experimental (Snodgross) group and in six (18.75%, 80% CI 9.91-27.59%) cases in control (Aivar Bracka) group. McNemar chi-square test showed no significant difference between the experimental and control groups in terms of frequency of urethrocutaneous fistula. Conclusion: The results are comparable for Snodgrass repair and two stage Aivar Bracka repair for distal penile hypospadias in male children in terms of frequency of urethrocutaneous fistula in our population.

scholarly journals Analytical Study of Conjunctival Bacterial Flora in Diabetic and Non Diabetic Patients

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamojit Chatterjee ◽  
Shrutakirti Ghosh ◽  
Rinki Saha ◽  
Sandip Samaddar
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Analytical Study ◽  
Bacterial Flora ◽  
Microbial Flora ◽  
P Value ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Square Test

Introduction: Conjunctiva is a transparent mucous membrane that lines inside of the eyelids and covers the sclera. It is composed of non keratinised, stratified columnar epithelium with goblet cells. Normal microbial flora constitutes organisms which are present in eyelids and conjunctiva without causing any disease. At birth eyes are sterile but they are later infected by various organisms. Gram positive organisms are mostly prevalent in ocular flora. Diabetes mellitus is a multifactorial disease that can affect all ocular structures. Aim: To compare the microbial flora between diabetic and non diabetic patients and to study there sensitivity to antibiotics. Materials and Methods: This was an analytical study conducted on a total of 100 patients attending Department of Opthalmology of Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata, India between June 2019 to July 2019. They were not using any topical ocular preparation. Conjunctival swab was taken from upper fornix of the patients and cultured and the results obtained were analysed using Chi-Square test. Results: Conjunctival flora of a total of 100 patients, 30 diabetic and 70 non diabetic, were screened. Among the 30 diabetic patients, there were 15 (50%) male and 15 (50%) female. The most common isolated bacteria in diabetic and non diabetic groups were staphylococcus aureus (diabetic 70%, non diabetic 85.7%). There was a statistically significant difference in microbial flora pattern between the diabetic and non diabetic group. There was higher proportion of staphylococcus epidermidis among diabetic patients compared to non diabetic patients (p-value<0.01) and there was a higher proportion of staphylococcus aureus among non diabetics (p-value<0.01). Conclusion: Present study found statistically significant difference in the microbial flora between diabetics and non diabetics. This will help the clinician to plan for the antibiotic prophylaxis before surgery for patients attending the Out Patient Department (OPD).

scholarly journals Impact of Exclusive English Language Use in Physiology Lecture on Student’s Physiology Learning in Bangladesh

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-32
Author(s):  
Mohammad Uzire Azam Khan ◽  
Mohammad Mohaimenul Abedin
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Language Use ◽  
Individual Component ◽  
Pass Rate ◽  
First Year ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
The Impact

Background: Medical students of Bangladesh have to encounter English as learning media. But teachers often do not use English exclusively in their lectures thinking that students may not understand English clearly.Objective: To assess the impact of exclusive use of English language in physiology lectures on student’s learning.Method: This comparative study was conducted in the Department of Physiology, Abdul Malek Ukil Medical College, Noakhali, Bangladesh during January – November, 2013. One hundred and sixteen first year MBBS students of two sessions of a government medical college were enrolled for the study by purposive sampling. Exclusive English was used in physiology lectures of 1st term course for the students of 2012-2013 session (group EE) and mixed Bengali and English was used to teach the students of 2011-2012 session (group BE). First term examination results were compared by Student’s ‘t’ test and Chi-square test as applicable.Result: The students of EE obtained significantly higher mean marks both in written (p<0.001) and oral (p<0.001) examinations than those of group BE. However there was no significant difference between groups in pass rate (p>0.05)).Conclusion: The students who attended the lectures with exclusive English obtained better marks in individual component of assessment than the students who attended the lectures with mixed Bengali and English. However, English language use in teaching showed no effect on the pass rate.Bangladesh Soc Physiol. 2017, June; 12(1): 28-32

scholarly journals PROFILE OF EPILEPSY PATIENTS IN PEDIATRIC WARD AT DR. SOETOMO GENERAL ACADEMIC HOSPITAL, SURABAYA, INDONESIA IN THE PERIOD OF JANUARY-DECEMBER 2017

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
Dewi Sekarsari ◽  
Viskasari P. Kalanjati ◽  
Abdulloh Machin ◽  
Prastiya I. Gunawan
Keyword(s):  
Febrile Seizure ◽  
General Type ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Academic Hospital ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pediatric Ward ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Level Of Significance

Background: Various risk factors of epilepsy in children had been reported although differences were found amongst regions. Objective: To identify the profile of epilepsy patients and previous febrile seizure history in children aged 0-17 years at Pediatric Ward, Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia, in 2017. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional retrospective study, using secondary data from medical records of epilepsy patients with febrile seizure history in children aged 0-17 years old at Pediatric Ward, Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia, in the period of January-December 2017. Data analysis was done using t-test and Chi- Square test (Microsoft Excel 2007 and SPSS 22). The level of significance was p<0.05. Results: Seventy-four male and 38 female patients were included. Febrile seizure history was observed in 42 patients and there was no significant difference between febrile seizure history and prevalence of epilepsy. The general type of seizure was found in 79 patients; mostly from Surabaya, Indonesia and the parents’ occupation was private employee. The most observed type of seizure was general type. Conclusion: In this study, epilepsy was predominantly found in males than females; and a significant number of the patients were without febrile seizure history. General type of seizure was the most common type amongst others. These patients were mostly from Surabaya, Indonesia, whose parents' occupation was private employees.

scholarly journals Comparison of the safety and efficacy of intracervical Foleys catheter versus PGE2 gel for induction of labour at term

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 1842
Author(s):  
Prakruti P. Patel ◽  
Mittal V. Bhabhor ◽  
Pankti Jayswal ◽  
Saila A. Khatri ◽  
Grishma P. Brahmbhatt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fetal Outcome ◽  
Induction Of Labour ◽  
Cervical Ripening ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Mechanical Methods ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Nicu Admission

Background: Before the induction of labour cervical ripening is needed for the success of induction to reduce the complication and diminish the rate of cesarean section and duration of labour. Various mechanical methods like Foleys catheter are effective but not much popular because of infection and pharmacological preparations which have more side effects, are used for cervical ripening. Therefore study has been conducted to compare the efficacy and safety of intra cervical Foleys catheter versus PGE2 gel for induction of labour at term. The aims and objectives of this study was to success of induction of labour depends on the cervical status at the time of induction.Methods: A prospective comparative study was conducted in the department of obstetrics and gynecology, L.G. hospital (AMCMET Medical college), Ahmedabad, during period of July 2019 to December 2019. 100 patients at term with a Bishop’s score with various indications for induction were randomly allocated to receive (50 patients) intra cervical Foleys catheter or PGE2 gel (50 patients). Post induction Bishop’s score was noted after 6 hours, 12 hours, 24 hours. Statistical methods used were Student t test and Chi square test to statistically compare the two groups. Differences with a p value of <0.005 was considered statistically significant with confidence limit of 95%.Results: The groups were comparable with respect to maternal age, gestational age, parity, indication of induction and initial bishops score. Both groups showed significant change in the Bishops score, 5.10±1.55 and 5.14±1.60 for Foleys catheter and PGE2 gel, respectively, p<0.001. Fetal outcome was noted in NICU admission and fetal death. No significant difference between two groups.Conclusions: This study shows that both Foleys catheter and PGE2 gel were equally effective in pre induction cervical ripening.

scholarly journals Phototherapy in full term neonates suffering from unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia; Does it affect platelet count?

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (09) ◽  
pp. 1911-1915
Author(s):  
Adnan Bashir ◽  
Ashok Kumar ◽  
Nathumal Maheshwari ◽  
Bilawal Hingorjo ◽  
Shakeel Ahmed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Count ◽  
Blood Platelets ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Term Neonates ◽  
Platelet Counts ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Square Test

Objectives: Investigating the hazardous effect of Phototherapy on Platelet counts in healthy neonates with Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia (NH). Study Design: Cross Sectional study. Setting: Department of Paediatrics, SMBB Medical College Layari General Hospital, Karachi, Sindh. Period: January 2018 to May 2019. Material & Methods: A sample of 313 neonates suffering from NH was selected according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Blood Platelets were counted at baseline, and 24, 48 and 72 hours of phototherapy. Statistical software SPSS 21.0 (IBM, Incorp, USA) was used for data analysis using paired t-test and Pearson`s Chi- square test at P≤0.05. Results: Platelet counts at 24, 48 and 72 hours of phototherapy were found 2.97±0.45×109/L, 3.38±0.48×109/L and 3.52± 0.47×109/L respectively. Platelet counts at 24, 48 and 72 hours showed statistically significant difference compared to baseline counts (P<0.05). A statistically insignificant decline in total population platelet count after phototherapy was noted (P>0.05). However, thrombocytopenia was noted in 9 (2.87%) cases; comprising mild and moderate in 7 (2.23%) and 2 (0.64%) cases respectively. Conclusion: The present study observed thrombocytopenia in 9 (2.87%) of total cases; of which mild and moderate thrombocytopenia occurred in 7 (2.23%) and 2 (0.64%) cases respectively.

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