scholarly journals Impact of Exclusive English Language Use in Physiology Lecture on Student’s Physiology Learning in Bangladesh

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-32
Author(s):  
Mohammad Uzire Azam Khan ◽  
Mohammad Mohaimenul Abedin
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Language Use ◽  
Individual Component ◽  
Pass Rate ◽  
First Year ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
The Impact

Background: Medical students of Bangladesh have to encounter English as learning media. But teachers often do not use English exclusively in their lectures thinking that students may not understand English clearly.Objective: To assess the impact of exclusive use of English language in physiology lectures on student’s learning.Method: This comparative study was conducted in the Department of Physiology, Abdul Malek Ukil Medical College, Noakhali, Bangladesh during January – November, 2013. One hundred and sixteen first year MBBS students of two sessions of a government medical college were enrolled for the study by purposive sampling. Exclusive English was used in physiology lectures of 1st term course for the students of 2012-2013 session (group EE) and mixed Bengali and English was used to teach the students of 2011-2012 session (group BE). First term examination results were compared by Student’s ‘t’ test and Chi-square test as applicable.Result: The students of EE obtained significantly higher mean marks both in written (p<0.001) and oral (p<0.001) examinations than those of group BE. However there was no significant difference between groups in pass rate (p>0.05)).Conclusion: The students who attended the lectures with exclusive English obtained better marks in individual component of assessment than the students who attended the lectures with mixed Bengali and English. However, English language use in teaching showed no effect on the pass rate.Bangladesh Soc Physiol. 2017, June; 12(1): 28-32

scholarly journals Observed Effects of Warm Season Perennial Grass Agriculture on Resident Mammal Species

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 70
Author(s):  
David D. Leimbach ◽  
Gregg J. Marcello
Keyword(s):  
Perennial Grass ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
First Year ◽  
Mammal Species ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Population Numbers

<p>This study focused on the observed impact of switching from a corn / soybean agricultural rotation to the planting of warm season perennial grasses for use in biomass agriculture, as well as the subsequent effects on resident mammal populations. We trapped two parcels of land planted in warm season perennial grasses between September 2011 and October 2013 in order to obtain a census of the mammal populations residing upon the property and to determine the impact (if any) of the change in agriculture. During the first year of the study, a seemingly inhospitable (urban) agricultural area revealed a diverse population of inhabitants. The second year of trapping resulted in the capture of 2 new species (total of 7 species captured) and the noticeable absence of 1 species; a distinct shift in mammal populations had been observed. There was an inverse relationship between the population increase of <em>Peromyscus maniculatus</em> during 2012 and the decline in the population of <em>Peromyscus leucopus. </em>When a Chi-square test was run (<em>P</em>&lt;0.05), the hypothesis of competitive exclusion appeared to be supported. In the third year, population numbers of <em>Peromyscus</em> <em>maniculatus</em> had also plummeted. We observed that warm season perennial grass monoculture had an adverse impact on resident mammal species.</p>

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Restoration Success of Endodontic Therapy of the Primary Molars

2011 ◽  
Vol 05 (04) ◽  
pp. 415-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zuhal Kirzioglu ◽  
Ozge Erken Gungor ◽  
Z Zahit Ciftci
Keyword(s):  
United States Public Health ◽  
Primary Molars ◽  
First Year ◽  
Success Rates ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Primary Molar ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Usphs Criteria ◽  
Second Year

ABSTRACTObjectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical and radiographic success rates of pulpotomized primary molar teeth restored with a compomer material with using United States Public Health Service (USPHS) criteria. Methods: In 173 primary molars of 156 child patients, aged within 4-9 years (mean age: 6.1±1.4 years), conventional pulpotomy treatment were performed. The teeth treated using calcium hydroxide, formocresol or ferric sulphate. After pulpotomy procedure, teeth were restored with compomer material. The teeth were evaluated as clinically and radiographically during a period of 12-24 months. Both of success of pulpotomy treatment and also restorative material (compomer material) were evaluated during follow-up period. The data were assessed with chi-square test. Results: At the end of the first year, 45% of initial treated teeth were checked, but only 18% were checked at the end of the second year. The first year success rates in the groups treated with CH, FC, and FS were 87.5%, 95%, and 79%, respectively, and, as the number of controllable patients was lower, the success rates on available teeth were determined to be 88.3% and 80%, respectively, according to the materials at the end of the second year. Restorations having been made, they were analyzed in accordance with USPHS criteria. Conclusions: At the end of the first year, 67.5% of compomer restorations were detected to be original and healthy and at the end of the second year, 57% were deemed healthy. No statistically significant relationships were found between marginal adaptation, secondary caries and pulpotomy success (chi-square test, P>.05). Among the three groups, there is no significant difference in terms of success. The least successful age group was defined as 4-6 years. (Eur J Dent 2011;5:415-422)

scholarly journals Frequency of Anemia and Iron Deficiency among Children Starting First Year of School Life and Their Association with Weight and Height

Anemia ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirza Sultan Ahmad ◽  
Hadia Farooq ◽  
Sumaira Noor Maham ◽  
Zonaira Qayyum ◽  
Abdul Waheed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
First Year ◽  
School Life ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Weight One ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Spearman Test

The objectives of the study were to ascertain frequency of anemia and iron deficiency among children starting first year of school life and test association with height and weight. One in four children starting first year of school life in five schools of Rabwah, Pakistan, was included. Full blood counts and ferritin levels of the children included in the study were checked. Status of their height and weight was determined according to Z-score charts. Chi-square test was used to test association. Two hundred and ninety-five children with median age of 67 months were included in the study. Out of 295, 240 (81.4%) had normal Hb and 55 (18.6%) had anemia. Ferritin levels were found to be below normal level in 242 (82%) children. There was no significant difference between hemoglobin and ferritin levels of children belonging to different categories of height and weight. Spearman test showed that there was very weak correlation between ferritin and hemoglobin levels (rs=.163). Our conclusions were that iron deficiency without anemia is very frequent among children starting first year of school. Regression models show that ferritin levels cannot be predicted by independent variables like status of height and weight on Z-score charts, age, gender, and anemia.

scholarly journals Evaluation of PCMH Model Adoption on Teamwork and Impact on Patient Access and Safety

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niharika Khanna ◽  
Fadia T. Shaya ◽  
Priyanka Gaitonde ◽  
Andrea Abiamiri ◽  
Ben Steffen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Relevant Information ◽  
Patient Access ◽  
Learning Collaborative ◽  
Patient Centered ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Strongly Agree ◽  
The Impact

Purpose: Each of the participating patient-centered medical home (PCMH) received coaching and participated in learning collaborative for improving teamwork. The objective of the study was to assess the impact of trainings on patient-centered teamwork. Methods: The Teamwork Perception Questionnaire (TPQ) was administered once in spring 2014 and then in fall 2015. The TPQ consists of 35 questions across 5 domains: mutual support, situation monitoring, communication, team structure, and leadership. Based on our objective we compared the frequencies of strongly agree/agree by domain. The difference was tested using chi-square test. We compared the scores on each domain (strongly agree/agree = 1; maximum score = 7) via Wilcoxon rank sum test. Results: The response rate for this survey was n = 29 (80.6%) in spring 2014, and n = 31 (86.1%) in fall 2015. We found that the practice members significantly ( P < .05) strongly agreed/agreed more in fall 2015 than spring 2014 for characteristics—“staff relay relevant information in a timely manner” (64.5% vs 83.9%) and “staff follow a standardized method of sharing information when handing off patients” (67.7% vs 90.3%) under communication domain and for characteristic—“staff within my practice share information that enables timely decision making” (74.2% vs 90.3%). However, there was no statistical significant difference observed in the scores for the overall TPQ at the 2 time points. Conclusion: Despite the statistical insignificance, the observations in PCMHs across the spectrum of practices participating in the Maryland Multi-Payer Program demonstrated enhanced teamwork specifically in communication and in leadership. This we believe will continue to result in enhanced patient access to care and safety.

A Comparison between Intermittent Peritoneal Dialysis and Automatic Peritoneal Dialysis on Urgent Peritoneal Dialysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 540-548 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chang Wang ◽  
Xiao Fu ◽  
Yuan Yang ◽  
Jun Deng ◽  
Hong-qing Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
First Year ◽  
Mechanical Complication ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Technique Survival ◽  
Mechanical Complications ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Feasible Alternative

Background: Urgent-start dialysis is a major problem for incident dialysis population. Urgent start on hemodialysis is associated with an increased risk of infectious or mechanical complications, and its mortality is equal to or higher than that of urgent start on peritoneal dialysis (PD). However, compared to patients starting PD in a planned setting, those on urgent-started PD have an increased risk of mechanical complications and lower technique survival. Methods: In this study, 101 adult incident dialysis patients (≥18 years old) who underwent Tenckhoff catheter implantation were enrolled. All of the patients were grouped according to the urgent PD mode: the intermittent PD (IPD) or automatic PD (APD) group, and patients were followed for 1 year. The paired or independent t test was used to analyze the change of laboratory variables. Pearson chi-square test was applied to compare the short outcome between the 2 groups. Results: When PD was treated for 7 days and 1 month, the APD group has the lower serum potassium and phosphorus levels than the IPD group. The incidence of catheter dysfunction was significantly lower in the APD group. The morbidity of infection associated with PD in the first year was lower in the APD group despite no significant difference existing. The technique survival and patient survival rate have no evident difference between the 2 groups. Conclusion: Compared to IPD, urgent start on APD could reduce the risk of mechanical complication, which could be considered a gentle, safe, and feasible alternative to urgent start on IPD.

scholarly journals Effect of COVID-19 Pandemic on the Levels of Empathy among Undergraduate Dental Students in Pakistan

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (S 01) ◽  
pp. S110-S115
Author(s):  
Sundas Ghaus ◽  
Madiha Abdul Waheed ◽  
Shahreen Zahid Khan ◽  
Laila Mustafa ◽  
Sohaib Siddique ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dental Students ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
The Impact ◽  
One Way Anova

Abstract Objective The purpose of our study is to determine the effect of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on the levels of empathy toward patients among undergraduate dental students in Pakistan. Materials and Methods A cross-sectional, survey-based study was conducted at Islamic International Dental College, Islamabad, Pakistan. After taking an informed consent, a validated and pretested Toronto Empathy Questionnaire (TEQ) was distributed amongst the undergraduate dental students at two points, one before the COVID-19 existed, and the other after August 7th, 2020, when the COVID-19 cases dropped in Pakistan. Responses were indicated on a five point Likert Scale. Statistical Analysis A one-way ANOVA (analysis of variance) was used to compare the TEQ scores between the different years of education at the dental school. Difference within the groups was analyzed using the post-hoc Tukey test. Pre- and post-COVID-19 comparison was done using the Chi-square test (significance level p < 0.05). Results A total of 221 out of 260 students in the pre-COVID-19 group, while 210 out of 260 students in the post-COVID-19 group enrolled in the dentistry program participated in the study. Significant difference in the empathy levels was observed in the pre- and post-COVID-19 groups of the same population, i.e., (p < 0.05). The response rate was 85%. Conclusions This study showed an increase in mean empathy scores among the undergraduate dental students after COVID-19, indicating a significant improvement in their empathy levels during the time of COVID-19. It highlights the impact of the pandemic, whereby death and chaos seem to have brought about an improvement in interpersonal harmony.

scholarly journals The impact of the 2013 rule changes on gripping configuration in high-level judo athletes

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-13
Author(s):  
Nemanja Stanković ◽  
Nikola Milošević ◽  
Mladen Živković
Keyword(s):  
Chi Square ◽  
Partial Difference ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Rule Changes ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Judo Athletes ◽  
The Difference ◽  
High Level ◽  
Short Time ◽  
The Impact

Purpose: International Judo Federation introduced a set of new rules in a short time period (2009 − 2013). The aim of this research is to determine how the rule modification influences the gripping configurations used by elite male judo athletes. Methods: The sample contained 280 combats from the 2011 and 2014 World Championships. All the effective and ineffective throw attempts with related gripping configurations were registered. The Chi-square test was used to determine the difference between frequencies, along with Z-test for calculating the partial difference. Results: A total of 1707 actions and gripping configurations were registered. The Chi-square test showed that there is a significant difference in the usage of gripping configurations between the two championships (χ2=32,8; sig<0,001). The Z-test showed a significant increase in the usage of kenka-yotsu and ai-yotsu, and a significant decrease in the usage of central grip, cross grip and situations where only tori has established a grip. The difference in the usage of the same side grip was not detected. Conclusion: The recommendation for coaches is to reduce the use of all other gripping configurations except kenka-yotsu and ai-yotsu when practicing techniques, especially unorthodox gripping like the cross grip and the same side grip.

scholarly journals Disparities among pediatric hospital admissions according to gender

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (7) ◽  
pp. 269
Author(s):  
Asim Hassan Mehdi ◽  
Kinza Riaz ◽  
Nimra Ghazal ◽  
Nighat Seema Kamran ◽  
Erum Saboohi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Pediatric Hospital ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Pediatric Ward ◽  
Paediatric Hospital ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Male Patients

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> The objective of the study was to determine the pattern of disparities among paediatric hospital admissions according to gender.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> This retrospective observational study was done at pediatric ward of Al-Tibri Medical College and Hospital Karachi from June 2018 to May 2019. Pediatric patients below 12 years of age admitted to the pediatric ward of the hospital were included while patients who were admitted for less than 24 hours, refused for consent by parent/guardian, surgical or ICU pediatric patients were excluded. SPSS was used for data analysis. Quantitative data included age, gender, diagnosis and seasonal variation, expressed as frequency in percentages and chi-square test was applied to test for significance.  </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Among 734 pediatric hospital admissions, 423 (58%) were males and 311 (42%) females. Highest percentages of pediatric admission in both genders were infants after which second most patients were from the 1-4 years group in both genders (p=0.01). 215 patients of acute gastroenteritis were male while 142 females. Among patients admitted with respiratory disease, 56 were males while 48 were females. 52 male patients were admitted with viral fever while 34 patients admitted were females (p=0.01).</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Our study reported a significant difference among gender variances in pediatric hospital admissions. Overall, not only males were predominant in admission to pediatric wards, they were also found to be predominant in disease categorization. Further studies set to determine the reasons behind such gender differences would help in determining plans accordingly to improve outcome of diseases.</p>

scholarly journals Analytical Study of Conjunctival Bacterial Flora in Diabetic and Non Diabetic Patients

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamojit Chatterjee ◽  
Shrutakirti Ghosh ◽  
Rinki Saha ◽  
Sandip Samaddar
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Analytical Study ◽  
Bacterial Flora ◽  
Microbial Flora ◽  
P Value ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Square Test

Introduction: Conjunctiva is a transparent mucous membrane that lines inside of the eyelids and covers the sclera. It is composed of non keratinised, stratified columnar epithelium with goblet cells. Normal microbial flora constitutes organisms which are present in eyelids and conjunctiva without causing any disease. At birth eyes are sterile but they are later infected by various organisms. Gram positive organisms are mostly prevalent in ocular flora. Diabetes mellitus is a multifactorial disease that can affect all ocular structures. Aim: To compare the microbial flora between diabetic and non diabetic patients and to study there sensitivity to antibiotics. Materials and Methods: This was an analytical study conducted on a total of 100 patients attending Department of Opthalmology of Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata, India between June 2019 to July 2019. They were not using any topical ocular preparation. Conjunctival swab was taken from upper fornix of the patients and cultured and the results obtained were analysed using Chi-Square test. Results: Conjunctival flora of a total of 100 patients, 30 diabetic and 70 non diabetic, were screened. Among the 30 diabetic patients, there were 15 (50%) male and 15 (50%) female. The most common isolated bacteria in diabetic and non diabetic groups were staphylococcus aureus (diabetic 70%, non diabetic 85.7%). There was a statistically significant difference in microbial flora pattern between the diabetic and non diabetic group. There was higher proportion of staphylococcus epidermidis among diabetic patients compared to non diabetic patients (p-value<0.01) and there was a higher proportion of staphylococcus aureus among non diabetics (p-value<0.01). Conclusion: Present study found statistically significant difference in the microbial flora between diabetics and non diabetics. This will help the clinician to plan for the antibiotic prophylaxis before surgery for patients attending the Out Patient Department (OPD).

scholarly journals The Impact of Writing Area Forecast Discussions on Student Forecaster Performance

2006 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 104-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick S. Market
Keyword(s):  
Student Performance ◽  
Weather Forecast ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
University Of Missouri ◽  
Forecast Performance ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
The University ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Local Weather

Abstract A brief study is provided on the forecast performance of students who write a mock area forecast discussion (AFD) on a weekly basis. Student performance was tracked for one semester (11 weeks) during the University of Missouri—Columbia's local weather forecast game. The hypothesis posed is that student performance is no better on days when they compose an AFD. A nonparametric Mann–Whitney test cannot reject that hypothesis. However, the same test employed on precipitation forecasts (for days when precipitation actually fell) shows that there is a statistically significant difference (p = 0.02) between the scores of those students writing an AFD and those who do not. Similar results are found with a chi-square test. Thus, AFD writers improve their precipitation score on days when significant weather occurred. Forecaster confidence is also enhanced by AFD composition.

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