scholarly journals Pragmatic abilities of children with severe to profound hearing loss

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 736
Author(s):  
Hemangi Vaidya ◽  
Aarti P. Waknis ◽  
Shweta Deshpande
Keyword(s):  
Expressive Language ◽  
Chronological Age ◽  
Typically Developing ◽  
Profound Hearing Loss ◽  
Group I ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Hearing Devices ◽  
Pragmatic Skills ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Delayed Language Development

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Western studies indicate that children with hearing impairment (CHI) are at risk of pragmatic delay due to their delayed language development. Pragmatics is influenced by culture. Hence the objective of the study was to compare the pragmatic skills of Marathi speaking CHI using hearing devices and typically developing children (TDC) matched according to their expressive language age, chronological age, and hearing age.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> Group I included 40 CHI using a hearing device having a chronological age range of 24 to 68 months, with an expressive language age of 6 to 48 months on receptive-expressive emergent language scale (REELS) and with a hearing age in the range of 12 to 36 months. Group II consisted of 40 TDC in the age range of 6 to 48 months. Checklist for assessment of pragmatics of pre-schoolerswas administered for assessment of pragmatics to children in both the groups.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Statistical analysis using unpaired t test indicated that there was a significant difference in pragmatic skills of the two groups when they were matched on the basis of their chronological and expressive language age (p&lt;0.01), but there was no significant difference between the two groups when they were matched on the basis of their hearing age (p&gt;0.01).</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Pragmatic ability is delayed in CHI and is more a function of hearing age than chronological age or expressive language age. Thus, pragmatic abilities should be assessed and intervention provided if required for CHI even if they have good expressive ability.</p>

scholarly journals Estimation Of Dental Age Using Coronal Pulp Cavity Index (CPCI) On Lower Second Premolar And First Molar With Periapical Radiographic Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 2205-2209
Author(s):  
Trelia Boel ◽  
Dewi Kartika ◽  
Ervina Sofyanti ◽  
Dennis ◽  
Navanitha Naidu
Keyword(s):  
Forensic Odontology ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Chronological Age ◽  
Radiographic Analysis ◽  
Dental Age ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pulp Cavity ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Digital Caliper

Estimation of dental age in forensic odontology is crucial in biological dentistry Coronal Pulp Cavity Index (CPCI) as one method to check the correlation between the reduction of the coronal pulp cavity and chronological age. The present study aims to find out whether CPCI method can be used to estimate the dental age on lower second premolar and first molar with periapical radiographic analysis. The cross sectional study was conducted on 60 patients (30 males and 30 females) in the age range of 21 and 30 years. They were subjected to periapical radiographs on lower second premolar and first molar. The Coronal Pulp Cavity Height (CPCH) and Coronal Length (CL) was measured using vision measuring scope DC 3000 and electronic digital caliper. The values obtained were subjected into the formula of TCI = [CPCL × 100]/CL. The mean of TCI score and average chronological age were analyzed using paired T test to find out the correlation between the chronological age and the estimated dental age, P > 0.05 is considered as significant. There was no significant difference between the estimated dental age and chronological age in both lower second premolars (p=0.119) and first molars (p=0.224). CPCI method can be used to estimate the dental age on healthy lower second premolar and first molar.

scholarly journals Prakiraan Usia Gigi Menggunakan Standar Blenkin (Modifikasi Metode Demirjian) pada Anak-Anak Etnik Jawa di Kabupaten Jember

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 60
Author(s):  
Dwi Kartika Apriyono
Keyword(s):  
Age Estimation ◽  
Accurate Estimate ◽  
Permanent Teeth ◽  
Chronological Age ◽  
Age Difference ◽  
Dental Age ◽  
Dental Age Estimation ◽  
Panoramic Radiographs ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Age Range

Chronological and dental age are necessary aspects of dental age estimation. Both have a close relationship. Chronological age reflects the age of the tooth, and vice versa. Dental age estimation aims to provide the data in the field of dentistry with an accurate dental age range. In order to get the value of an accurate estimate of dental age, needed a method of estimation that has a standard deviation as low as possible and validated in a specific population groups of an individual. Demirjian method is a method frequently used in the dental age estimation. It uses the classification stages of the seven permanent teeth of mandibular left side using panoramic radiographs. Application of its method in some countries showed vary results so it needed adjustment. Blenkin standard is an adjustment of its method that changes the score of maturity stages 0-H to 1-8 and calculate the dental age by regression formula. The study aimed to assess the dental age estimation using Blenkin standard on children of Javanese ethnic in Jember region. This was an analytic descriptive study design. The samples were panoramic radiographs. The subjects were 70 samples consisting of 29 boys and 41 girls with an age range 6-12 years, and they were divided into 7 groups based on chronological age. Each tooth of the sample was calculated using Blenkin standard. The Blenkin standard showed non-significant difference with the age difference in the amount of approximately -0.22 years for boys and -0.03 years for girls (underestimation).

scholarly journals DETERMINATION OF DENTAL AGE OF 10-13 YEAR-OLD CHILDREN OF THE CARPATHIAN REGION OF UKRAINE BY THE CAMERIERE METHOD IN COMPARISON WITH THEIR CHRONOLOGICAL AGE

2019 ◽  
pp. 63-70
Author(s):  
V.F. Makieyev ◽  
O.O. Isakova
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
High Accuracy ◽  
Permanent Teeth ◽  
Chronological Age ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Dental Age ◽  
Ray Method ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Age Range

Purpose:  to evaluate the chronological and dental age of children in Lviv and the Lviv region aged 10-13 years with the help of the modified formula Cameriere.  Methods. Оrthopantomograms  46 children (26 boys and 20 girls) aged 10-13 years from Lviv and Lviv region have been used for this study. A questionnaire was developed for the submission of individual patient data and a standardized format for making their indicators derived from orthopantomograms (OPG). The examination of the area of the lower seven teeth on the left was done using the Cameriere method and the age of the child was evaluated, which was further compared with the chronological age.  Results.The obtained results of the study showed a high accuracy and reliability of the estimation of dental age in children up to 10-13 years with the help of the Cameriere formula modified by us. The research is based on the detection of physiological changes (the rate of formation of the roots) in the permanent teeth of children using the X-ray method.  Evaluating the results obtained by two methods, among girls and boys of the selected age group, a statistically significant strong correlation between the chronological age and the age calculated by the Cameriere method was revealed. Cameriere research has been carried out in many countries around the world and, in particular, in European countries, by implementing the general formula. Children in the period of occlusive bite remain the most critical in terms of age and, therefore, the determination of the correct time for dental interventions. In this age group, the development of permanent teeth passes through different stages and depends on many factors of the environment, genetic, geographical and food factors. The process of teething also affects many local factors, such as space and space for a permanent tooth in the dental artery and the loss of temporary precursors. Even with a large number of factors affecting the eruption and formation of permanent teeth in children, this method showed high accuracy and independence. In order to assess the Cameriere method among the children under study and its further practical application, a comparison was made between the age obtained using this methodology and the chronological age of the children under study in different age groups, both among boys and girls. Analyzing the obtained data, it was found that the mean of chronological age among the studied boys aged 10-11 (n = 14) was 11.02 ± 0.59 years, and the Cameriere method was 10.63 ± 1.03 years.  Student's assessment did not reveal a significant difference between the data (p = 0.22) for the age group of 10-11 years.  Further analysis among the studied boys revealed that in the age group 12-13 years the average chronological age was 12.94 ± 0.49 years, and the age was determined by the Cameriere method 12.59 ± 0.63 years, and no significant difference was established between them  (p = 0.14). The results of the studies have shown the suitability of the Cameriere formula modified during the process, based on the assessment of open tops and the number of teeth with completed root formation as a marker for the physiological development of the child and one that can be used to determine the child's age.Since studies had a limited age range on a particular sample of dental patients, further studies should evaluate the utility of this method in a larger sample of children in the extended age range of the given region of Ukraine and, if possible, adjust the formula we modified for the stability of the averaged indicators in different samples by age and sex. 

Progesterone concentrations in samples of saliva from adolescent girls living in Britain and Thailand, two countries where women are at widely differing risk of breast cancer

1989 ◽  
Vol 121 (2) ◽  
pp. 375-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Danutra ◽  
A. Turkes ◽  
G. F. Read ◽  
D. W. Wilson ◽  
V. Griffiths ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Premenopausal Woman ◽  
Chronological Age ◽  
Progesterone Concentration ◽  
Progesterone Secretion ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Age Range

ABSTRACT Menstrual-cycle patterns of salivary progesterone concentration were obtained for 131 and 245 adolescent girls up to 4 years postmenarche living in Britain and Thailand respectively. These patterns were graded on a scale of 1 (little or no activity) to 5 (activity similar to that exhibited by the mature premenopausal woman) and the frequency of these grades within groups of girls from each centre was analysed. The major finding was that British girls exhibited a predominance of higher grades of progesterone activity when compared with their Thai counterparts (n = 2 × 58) when matched for chronological and gynaecological ages (P ∼ 0·002). This was particularly so for the girls from these two matched groups in the gynaecological age range 2–4 years (P ∼ 0·03). The major contribution to this significant difference between the two groups is attributed to the greater effect of chronological age on progesterone secretion in the British girls (P ∼ 0·03) compared with the Thai girls (P ∼ 0·29). These findings may have implications for facilitating our understanding of the reason for the differing risk of breast cancer in women in both countries. Journal of Endocrinology (1989) 121, 375–381

scholarly journals Mean Length of Utterance in Cypriot Greek-speaking Children

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louiza Voniati
Keyword(s):  
Language Development ◽  
Child Language ◽  
Language Assessment ◽  
Typically Developing ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Mean Length Of Utterance ◽  
Age Range

While research undertaken worldwide indicates that mean length of utterance (MLU) is a valuable index in investigations of child language development, to date there have been no studies exploring MLU in pre-primary Cypriot Greek (CYG)-speaking children. The participants in this study were 36 monolingual CYG-speaking children at ages 36, 40, 44 and 48 months, with a typical course of language development. The findings demonstrated that MLU counted in words (MLU-w) of typically developing CYG-speaking children had a positive correlation with age (from 36 to 48 months) and a non-significant difference in MLU-w by gender at each age point, and that typically developing CYG-speaking children, for the age range studied, tended to produce more multiword utterance types. An outcome of this study is an MLU-w database which could be used, with some caution, in the language assessment of a similar population or as the basis for future studies. Areas for further research are identified.

scholarly journals Listening skill progress in children with cochlear implants in the first three months after implantation

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 632 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aparna Nandurkar ◽  
Susmitha C. G.
Keyword(s):  
Cochlear Implants ◽  
Cochlear Implantation ◽  
Listening Skills ◽  
Profound Hearing Loss ◽  
Listening Skill ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
One Year ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Auditory Skills

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Development of auditory skills is triggered as soon as cochlear implantation is done. Very few studies have reported development of listening skills in cochlear implanted children in the immediate period following the implantation. The present study aims to<strong> </strong>profile the development of auditory skills in children with cochlear implants during the first three months following implantation<span lang="EN-IN">. </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> The tool used is Listening Progress Profile (LiP) which was used to collect information about listening skills one week prior to cochlear implantation, within a week of switch on and once every two weeks till the end of three months after implantation.  Twelve children in the age range of one year to five years with congenital bilateral profound hearing loss, who were scheduled for unilateral cochlear implantation were included as participants<span lang="EN-IN">.  </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Results indicate a statistically significant improvement in LiP scores at each test interval.  No significant difference was found in the listening skill progress for children implanted before and after three years of age. Younger male participants performed consistently better than older males and younger and older females<span lang="EN-IN">. </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> LiP can be used as a major tool for assessing the development of listening skills in young children during the immediate post implantation period as it provides detailed information regarding the auditory performance towards a variety of stimuli<span lang="EN-IN">.</span></p>

scholarly journals Histological and immunohistochemical evaluation of mandibular bone tissue regeneration

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 205873841879824 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Di Carlo ◽  
F De Angelis ◽  
E Brauner ◽  
D Rosella ◽  
P Papi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Biopsy ◽  
Immunohistochemical Analysis ◽  
Bone Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Histological Evaluation ◽  
Mandibular Bone ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Autologous Bone ◽  
Age Range

The purpose of the study was to perform an immunohistochemical and histological evaluation of samples taken from different bone regeneration procedures in atrophic human mandible. 30 patients (15 men and 15 women, age range of 35–60 years), non-smokers, with good general and oral health were recruited in this study and divided into three groups. The first group included patients who were treated with blood Concentration Growth Factors (bCGF), the second group included patients who were treated with a mixture of bCGF and autologous bone, while the third group of patients was treated with bCGF and tricalcium phosphate/hydroxyapatite (TCP-HA). Six months after the regenerative procedures, all patients undergone implant surgery, and a bone biopsy was carried out in the site of implant insertion. Each sample was histologically and immunohistochemically examined. Histological evaluation showed a complete bone formation for group II, partial ossification for group I, and moderate ossification for group III. Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated a statistically significant difference between the three groups, and the best clinical result was obtained with a mixture of bCGF and autologous bone.

scholarly journals FREQUENCY CHARACTERISTICS OF BENGALI AND TAMIL VOWELS IN VARYING SPEAKING RATE

2021 ◽  
pp. 199-208
Author(s):  
Dr.Kala Samayan ◽  
Elanthendral C ◽  
Dr.Anamika Hui
Keyword(s):  
Acoustic Analysis ◽  
Native Language ◽  
Speaking Rate ◽  
Formant Frequency ◽  
Physiological Constraints ◽  
Group I ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Primary Means ◽  
Rate Of Speech ◽  
Age Range

Speech has its unique importance as the primary means by which language is expressed in all human cultures. It is a fluid phenomenon, characterized by rapid changes in articulation and its acoustic product. Vowels can differ in acoustic analysis in various aspects because the speech code varies with language, dialect, age and sex and specific physiological constraints of the speaker. Keeping in view that rate brings changes in speech and vowels being more acoustically approachable, it is assumed that there would be changes in vowel acoustics with change in rate of speech. The present study is aimed at understanding the influence of rate of speech on formant frequency of vowel acoustics in two different languages - Bengali (Indo-Aryan) and Tamil (Dravidian). The subjects for the study were grouped based on languages - Group I consisted of 10 males with native language as Bengali, Group II consisted of 10 males with native language as Tamil in the age range of 18 to 28 years. The results shows that the formant frequency of three similar vowels of /a/, /i/ and /u/ in both languages and non-similar/different vowel of /ɔ/ in Bengali and /Ʌ/ in Tamil indicates significant difference in varying speaking rate. The differences in vowel acoustics in varying speaking rate in Tamil and Bengali showed higher duration to read the passage in normal than fast rate. KEYWORDS: Formant frequency, vowel acoustics, Tamil and Bengali

scholarly journals Comparison of TW2 and TW3 skeletal age differences in a Brazilian population

2006 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 142-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Isabel Ortega ◽  
Francisco Haiter-Neto ◽  
Gláucia Maria Bovi Ambrosano ◽  
Frab Norberto Bóscolo ◽  
Solange Maria Almeida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Age Differences ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Brazilian Population ◽  
Skeletal Age ◽  
Chronological Age ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Brazilian Children

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine the differences between the skeletal ages estimated by TW2 and TW3 methods through their RUS and Carpal systems. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A sample of two hundred and forty hand and wrist radiographs of male and female Brazilian children aged 84-199 months was evaluated by five observers. The Dunnet test was performed for statistical analysis. RESULTS: Results showed higher skeletal ages estimated by TW2RUS than TW3RUS and Carpal for both genders. For girls a statistically significant difference (p<0.05) was observed between TW2RUS and TW3RUS over the entire age range. For boys this difference was observed from 108 months onwards. In general RUS skeletal ages were higher than the chronological age and Carpal skeletal ages for both genders. The overestimation of chronological age was smaller for TW3RUS than for TW2RUS, and this last system showed a statistically significant difference regarding chronological age over the entire age range for girls, whereas for boys this difference was seen from 132 months onwards. For girls TW3 RUS and Carpal showed a significant difference regarding chronological age in the oldest age groups; in boys TW3RUS did not show a significant difference regarding chronological age. For Carpal, these results were more variable. CONCLUSION: It seems reasonable to recommend the use of the TW3 system for the studied Brazilian population.

scholarly journals Diabetic Ketoacidosis in Children - An Experience in a Tertiary Hospital

1970 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bedowra Zabeen ◽  
Jebun Nahar ◽  
Fauzia Mohsin ◽  
Kishwar Azad ◽  
Nazmun Nahar
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Ketoacidosis ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type I ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Precipitating Factors ◽  
Group I ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Age Range

A retrospective study was done in the in-patient department of paediatrics, BIRDEM from January 2002 to November 2006 to determine the clinico-laboratory features, precipitating factors and outcome of diabetic ketoacidosis. Over the five year period, 344 diabetic patients were hospitalized. Among them, 54 (15.6%) had diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). Among those, 50 were Type I, one was Fibrocalculous Pancreatic Diabetes (FCPD) and 3 were of other specific types. More than half (51.9%) of the patients were newly diagnosed. Amongst the precipitating factors, 28% had missed insulin and 48% had overt infection. Infections, particularly those of the respiratory tract, were the main precipitating cause for the DKA. There was h/o both infection and missed insulin injections in 11.5% patients. The mean age of patients with DKA was 11.2 ± 4.4 years. Those in the age range 10-14 yrs suffered most frequently (p<0.0001) from ketoacidosis (n= 38, 70.4%) compared with those aged 0-4 yrs (9%) and 5-9 yrs. (20%). There was a significant difference between those newly diagnosed (group I) and known diabetics (group II) (p<.029). The frequency of DKA was higher in girls than in boys (66.7% vs. 33.3%; p =.0001). The median duration of polyuria and/or polydipsia was variable between newly diagnosed and known diabetics (3.2 - 25d) (p<.001). All patients presented with altered levels of consciousness and 35 (67.3%) were unconscious of different grades. Mean random blood glucose (RBG) and HbA1c were 27.6mmol/L and 13.4%. Complications noted were acute renal failure (n=2, 3.7%) and cerebral edema (n = 4, 7.5%). The outcome of treatment in the whole group was good, 46 (86.7%) patients recovered without complications, but 7 (13.4%) patients died. Ibrahim Med. Coll. J. 2008; 2(1): 17-20 Key words: Ketosis, children, diabetes, BIRDEM doi: 10.3329/imcj.v2i1.2926

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