Bacteriological and antibiotic susceptibility study of pyodermas at a tertiary care center in central Karnataka

Background: Pyoderma is defined as a skin infection mainly caused by Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes or both. Pyoderma is a common skin infection in India and constitutes major portion of patients in dermatological clinics. Many cases nowadays do not respond to the antibiotics that were previously sensitive. In order to successfully treat cases of pyodermas, sound knowledge is necessary regarding the etiology and their sensitivity patterns. Objectives of this study were to determine clinico-epidemiological and etiological factors associated in patients with pyoderma and to find sensitivity pattern of isolated organisms to various antibiotics commonly used.Methods: A hospital based cross sectional study was performed on 100 patients presenting with bacterial skin infections to the Dermatology out-patient department of a tertiary care centre in Central Karnataka. Clinical and epidemiological features were recorded on a predefined proforma. Sterile swabs were used to collect the pus from the lesions under aseptic precaution. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of the isolated strains to different groups of drugs was tested on Muller Hinton agar by the Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method.Results: Primary pyodermas was seen more in the age group of 21-30 years (21%), followed by 31-40 years (19%). Folliculitis (32%) was the commonest clinical type followed by furuncles (28%). Among the gram positive isolates, Vancomycin (88.24%), Linezolid (86.67%) and Cefoxitin (71%) were the most susceptible drugs, whereas Amoxicillin (92.86%) and penicillin G (88.37%) were the most resistant drugs. Conclusions: Pyodermas have been the major cause of morbidity since long. Even though pyoderma is a common condition, emerging multidrug resistant strains is of major concern to treat these conditions. Suitable and judicious selection of antibiotics by using antibiotic sensitivity data would limit the emerging drug resistant strains in the future to treat these clinical conditions successfully.

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Antibiotic susceptibility of wound isolates in plastic surgery patients at a tertiary care centre

Indian Journal of Plastic Surgery ◽

10.4103/0970-0358.191324 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 49 (02) ◽

pp. 198-205 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Surendra B. Patil ◽

Amit Paramne ◽

Shree Harsh

Keyword(s):

Tertiary Care ◽

Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽

Control Policy ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Wound Management ◽

Tertiary Care Centre ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Sensitivity Pattern ◽

Hospital Infection Control

ABSTRACT Context: Wound infection increases the hospital stay and adversely affects the recovery of patients. Culture and sensitivity of wound isolates help in proper diagnosis and management of these patients. Aim: To identify common bacteria causing wound infections and their antibiotic sensitivity pattern. Study Design: A cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Government Medical College and Hospital, Nagpur from October 2013 to October 2015. Materials and Methods: Pus samples were collected by doctors in ward using Sterile Swab Sticks. Bacterial isolates were identified and cultured, and antibiotic culture sensitivity tests were performed. Statistical Analysis Used: Chi-square test. Results: There were a total of 150 patients with infected wounds. Most common organism isolated was Pseudomonas followed by Klebsiella and Staphylococcus aureus. All of these organisms were resistant to most routine antibiotics. Conclusion: We suggest a multidisciplinary approach to wound management, rational drug use, routine microbiological surveillance of wounds and institution of hospital infection control policy.

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Profile and Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern of Bacterial Isolates from Mobile Phones of Healthcare Workers in a Tertiary Care Centre of Nepal

Journal of Institute of Medicine ◽

10.3126/jiom.v42i2.37532 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 42 (2) ◽

pp. 29-32

Author(s):

Jyotshna Sapkota ◽

Beena Jha ◽

Bhavesh Mishra ◽

Deepti Shrestha ◽

Achut Barakoti ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Mobile Phones ◽

Healthcare Workers ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽

Clinical Microbiology Laboratory ◽

Bacterial Isolates ◽

Tertiary Care Centre ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Sensitivity Pattern

Introduction Nosocomial infection is a serious problem worldwide. Healthcare workers mobile phones may act as vehicle for nosocomial infections. Mobile phones are rarely cleaned and healthcare workers frequently use them thorough out their time in hospitals. The objective of this study is to determine the rate of contamination of mobile phones, prevalent microorganisms and their antibiotic sensitivity pattern. MethodsThe descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out in Clinical Microbiology laboratory from July 2019 to September 2019 after ethical approval. Samples were collected aseptically by rolling sterile swabs over the exposed surfaces of the mobile phones and inoculated on the agar plates and incubated aerobically. After incubation, plates were examined for growth. Bacteria were identified by standard microbiological procedure and antibiotic sensitivity test of isolated pathogens was done using Muller Hinton Agar by Kirby-Bauer method. Statistical analysis was done by Excel 2018. ResultsOf the 198 mobile phones sample cultures, 112 (56.6%) samples showed 7 different types of bacteria. Mixed growth was observed in 3 mobile phones and total of 115 bacterial isolates were identified. Staphylococcus species (74.7%) were predominant organism followed by Acinetobacter spp, Klebsiella pneumoniae, E. coli, Citrobacter and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Total 37.5% of Staphylococcus aureus were methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). ConclusionMobile phones may have potential pathogenic microorganisms on their surface and can act as vector in spread of infectious agents in hospital settings. It is recommended to disinfect mobile phones regularly and to implement hand washing practices and regulations around the use of mobile phones in hospital settings.

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TO STUDY ANTIBIOTIC SENSITIVITY PATTERN OF NONFERMENTATIVE GRAM NEGATIVE BACILLI FROM VARIOUS CLINICAL SAMPLES IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL, JAIPUR.

International Journal of Medical and Biomedical Studies ◽

10.32553/ijmbs.v4i5.1132 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (5) ◽

Author(s):

Kirti Hemwani ◽

P. S. Nirwan ◽

Preeti Shrivastava ◽

Abhiraj Ramchandani

Keyword(s):

Tertiary Care ◽

Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽

Polymyxin B ◽

Hospital Environment ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Clinical Samples ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Pathogenic Potential ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Sensitivity Pattern

Background: Nonfermentative gram negative bacilli (NFGNB) frequently considered as commensals or contaminants but the pathogenic potential of nonfermenters has been proved beyond doubt. They are resistant to commonly used antimicrobials. Aim: This study was undertaken to identify the nonfermenters isolated from various clinical samples and to know their Antibiotic sensitivity pattern. Materials and Methods: The present study was carried out on 150 strains of Nonfermenters isolated from 1200 various non repetitive clinical samples received in Department of Microbiology, NIMS Jaipur. Nonfermenters were identified using a standard protocol and their antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed with the help of the modified Bauer disc diffusion method. Results: Out of 150 nonfermenters isolated, Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the most common isolate 134 (89.33%) followed by Acinetobacter baumannii 16 (10.67%). Among all clinical samples Pus and Wound Discharge yield maximum isolates of NFGNB i.e. 54 (36%) % followed by sputum (39.0%). Most sensitive drug against NFGNB was Polymyxin-B (100%) followed by Imipenem (86 %) and Amikacin (71.33 %). Conclusion: Nonfermenters have a great potential to survive in a hospital environment so implementation of antibiotic stewardship programs and strict infection control practices will be required to prevent or slow down their emergence and spread. Keywords: Nonfermenters, Polymyxin-B, Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter.

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Prevalence of non-infectious dermatoses in patients attending a tertiary care center in Rajasthan

International Journal of Research in Dermatology ◽

10.18203/issn.2455-4529.intjresdermatol20190244 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 192

Author(s):

Bhagirath Singh ◽

Indira Subhadarshini Paul

Keyword(s):

Clinical Evidence ◽

Clinical Presentation ◽

Skin Diseases ◽

Genetic Disorders ◽

Care Center ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Tertiary Care Centre ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Pigmentary Disorders ◽

Protozoal Infection

Background: Pediatric dermatoses require a separate view from adult dermatoses as there are important differences in clinical presentation, treatment and prognosis. There is very little epidemiological study available on non-infectious childhood dermatoses in India. The aims of the study were to find the prevalence, clinical profile and various etiological factors associated with childhood non-infectious dermatoses and to determine the prevalence of most common non-infectious childhood dermatoses.Methods: This cross-sectional observational study conducted at tertiary care centre in Rajasthan, India. Children with age 13 years and below with clinical evidence of cutaneous disorders were studied. Parents who have not given consent for the study, acutely ill children, Children having infectious dermatoses (bacterial, fungal, viral, arthropods, parasitic and protozoal infection) were excluded from the study.Results: A total of 232 cases were studied which showed a female preponderance of 55.60%. Most of the skin diseases were seen in the 5 to 13 years (school children) age group. The most common dermatoses was eczematous (36.63%), among eczema atopic diathesis was the commonest (17;20%) followed by hypersensitivity dermatoses (21.12%), genetic disorders (13.36%), disorders of genetic disorders (7.4%), sweat gland disorders (8.18%), pigmentary disorders (4.31%), papulo squamous disorders (4.74%), Nevi (6.46%).Conclusions: Eczematous dermatoses were the most commonly noted in the study, followed by hypersensitivity dermatoses. Atopic diathesis was the commonest endogenous eczemas. Acne, insect bite reaction and miliaria were the other common dermatoses. There was no significant association of various dermatoses with systemic diseases in the study.

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Bacterial Etiology of Wound Exudates in Tertiary Care Cancer Patients and Antibiogram of the Isolates

Infectious Diseases Research and Treatment ◽

10.1177/1178633720952077 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 ◽

pp. 117863372095207

Author(s):

Kiran Duwadi ◽

Sujan Khadka ◽

Sanjib Adhikari ◽

Sanjeep Sapkota ◽

Pabitra Shrestha

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Methicillin Resistance ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Disc Diffusion ◽

Biochemical Tests ◽

Cross Sectional

Introduction: Patients with malignancies frequently develop infections as a result of surgical procedures and fungating wounds leading to pus formation. This cross-sectional study was conducted to explore the bacteriological spectra of infections of various cancer sites and their antibiotic sensitivity patterns among the patients visiting minor operation theatre (OT) of B.P. Koirala Memorial Cancer Hospital (BPKMCH), Chitwan, Nepal. Methods: Over a period of 3 months from September to November 2018, a total of 183 wound exudates and pus samples were collected and analyzed by standard microbiological procedures. Isolates were identified based on the colony characters, Gram staining and an array of biochemical tests. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion technique according to criteria set by CLSI, 2016. Methicillin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus was tested with the help of cefoxitin using disc diffusion method. Results: Out of the 183 samples, 149 (81.4%) were culture positive. Among 13 different isolates identified, S. aureus (43.0%) was predominant followed by E. coli (14.0%). Higher incidence of bacteria was seen among the males (52.3%), in the age group 51 to 60 years (26.8%) and among the patients undergoing surgical intervention to deal with cancer (34.2%). The prevalence of wound infection was significantly affected by gender, age, and treatment regimen ( P < .01). Out of the total 68 S. aureus isolates, 38 (44.1%) were deemed as Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Among the 158 isolates, 85 (53.8%) were multi-drug resistant (MDR). Cefepime was the most effective antibiotic for Gram positive isolates whereas both imipenem and meropenem were found to be equally more effective for Gram negative isolates. Conclusion: This study suggests that patients with malignancies harbor pathogenic bacteria; therefore, prudent use of antibiotics is essential to prevent the emergence of MDR pathogens.

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A study on the bacterial isolates from blood cultures of a tertiary care hospital

IP International Journal of Medical Microbiology and Tropical Diseases ◽

10.18231/j.ijmmtd.2021.036 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (3) ◽

pp. 171-174

Author(s):

KMS Mohamed Ali ◽

K Girija

Keyword(s):

Tertiary Care ◽

Bloodstream Infections ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Resistance Pattern ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Bacterial Isolates ◽

Tertiary Care Centre ◽

Sensitivity Testing ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Blood Samples

Blood stream infections are the most important and common cause of morbidity and mortality in tertiary care hospitals. Since the results are usually not available promptly a knowledge of epidemiologic and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of blood pathogens is life saving and very useful for early treatment and recovery of patients. The aim of this study is to describe the epidemiological, bacterial profile and antimicrobial resistance pattern of bloodstream infections in a tertiary care centre.A prospective cross-sectional study was done on seven hundred and eight blood samples collected over a period of six months in the Microbiology laboratory. Blood samples collected under aseptic conditions were cultured by aerobic culture method. Identification of bacterial isolates were done using standard bacteriologic and biochemical testing methods and antibiotic sensitivity testing done by Kirby - Bauer disc diffusion method.Bacteria was isolated in 201 (28.3%) samples with highest rates among newborns 84(41.8%). The most frequent isolates were 111 (55.2%) followed by 49 (24.4%). Results showed high susceptibilities of CoNS 111 (100%) to Vancomycin, Linezolid and 51 (98%) to Meropenem. This study highlights the common prevalent bacteriological agents in bacteremia, their antibiotic susceptibility & resistance patterns. and multi drug resistant were the leading causes of septicaemia in our hospital with Vancomycin, Linezolid and Carbapenems the effective antibiotics against these pathogens respectively.

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Frequency and Sensitivity Pattern of Neisseria gonorrhoae Isolated from Women at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Dhaka City

Bangladesh Journal of Infectious Diseases ◽

10.3329/bjid.v1i1.21473 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 3-7

Author(s):

Fatema Nusrat ◽

K.M. Shahidul Islam ◽

S.M. Shamsuzzaman ◽

Md. Abdullah Yusuf ◽

Aleya Farzana ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tertiary Care ◽

Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Carbohydrate Utilization ◽

Medical College ◽

Gram Staining ◽

Child Bearing ◽

Sensitivity Pattern ◽

Presumptive Identification

Background: Antibiotic sensitivity pattern of Neisseria gonorrhoae is changing frequently. Objective: The purpose of the present study was to see the antibiotic sensitivity pattern of Neisseria gonorrhoae isolated from women presented with cervicitis.Methodology: This cross sectional study.carried out in the Department of Microbiology at Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka from July 2011 to December 2012 for a period of one and half year. All the women presented with or without the clinical features of cervicitis at child bearing age (15 to 49 yrs) with or without pregnancy were enrolled as study population. Endocervical swabs were collected for Gram staining, culture, biochemical test from clinically diagnosed patients of cervicitis for presumptive identification of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. The isolates with presumptive identification were confirmed by rapid carbohydrate utilization test (RCUT), which differentiates N.gonorrhoeae from other Neisseria. Antimicrobial susceptibility test was done according CLSI guideline. Result: A total 245 females were recruited of which N. gonorrhoeae were detected from 39(15.9%) cases. Among 39 positive cases of gonococcal cervicitis, 19 (48.71%) were detected in the age group of 21-30 years. 56.41% were sensitive and 30.76% were resistant to ceftriaxone. Similarly 51.28% were sensitive and 23.07% were resistant to cefuroxime; 23.07% sensitive, 30.76% moderately sensitive and 46.15% resistant to ciprofloxacin. Conclusion: Gonococcal cervicitis is found in a high frequency rate with a reduced sensitivity to antibiotics especially ciprofloxacin, second and third generation cephalosporins.Bangladesh J Infect Dis 2014;1(1):3-7

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Bacteriological Profile and Antibiotic Sensitivity Pattern in Patients with Urinary Tract Infection in Janakpurdham, Nepal

International Journal Of Medical Science And Clinical Invention ◽

10.18535/ijmsci/v8i010.04 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (10) ◽

pp. 5692-5697

Author(s):

Dr. Digbijay Kumar Thakur ◽

Dr. Rameshwar Mahaseth ◽

Dr. Shambhu Kumar Sah

Keyword(s):

Urinary Tract ◽

Urinary Tract Infections ◽

Urine Culture ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Bacteriological Culture ◽

Sensitivity Pattern ◽

Culture And Sensitivity ◽

Tract Infections

Background: Urinary tract infections are most common bacterial infection in routine clinical practice. It is also most common nosocomial infection in many hospitals. Antibiotics are usually given empirically before urine culture reports available and treatment failure rate used to be significantly high. Study of causative agents and their antimicrobial sensitivity pattern are important factors helping formulating antibiotic policy. Generally, most common uropathogene is Escherichia Coli. Tertiary care hospitals, catering of already partially treated or mal treated patients as major chunk, may have varying etiologies and different sensitivity patterns. Objective: To study the culture and sensitivity patterns of urinary tract infections in patients presenting with urinary symptoms in local hospitals. Study design: A cross sectional study Materials and methods: Study was conducted at Madanta Research Clinic Private Limited from 12th march 021 to 12th September 021. Urine from cases suspected to have symptoms suggestive of UTI were send for bacteriological culture and sensitivity. Demographic profiles of each participant along with pathogen isolated, culture sensitivity pattern was documented. Data analysis was done in IBM spss 25. Results: A total 200 samples were selected for bacteriological culture and sensitivity out of which 32% were male and 68% were female. Around 50% of participants were in age group 20-40. There was no growth in 64% sample. Among positive samples (36%), E. coli (most common) was detected in 91.66%, Klebsiella was detected in 6.94%. Gentamicin, Amikacin and Nitrofurantoin were most common antibiotics sensitive to organisms in culture and Cephalosporins group of antibiotics are commonly resistant. Conclusions: coli is the most common organism isolated in urine culture in our region Janakpur. Cephalosporins are resistant in majority of cases where as Aminoglycosides like Amikacin, Gentamicin and Nitrofurantoin are found to be highly sensitive in most of positive cases.

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Prevalence of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA) in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Northern India

Journal of Laboratory Physicians ◽

10.4103/0974-2727.72154 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 2 (02) ◽

pp. 078-081 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Shilpa Arora ◽

Pushpa Devi ◽

Usha Arora ◽

Bimla Devi

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽

Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Methicillin Resistance ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Methicillin Resistant ◽

Sensitivity Pattern

ABSTRACT Aim: The emergence of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has posed a serious therapeutic challenge. We report the prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of MRSA in the hospitals attached to GMC, Amritsar, Punjab. Materials and Methods: The study comprised of 250 coagulase-positive staphylococci (COPS) isolated from a total of 6743 clinical specimens (like pus, blood, urine, high vaginal swab, sputum, etc.) of patients admitted in hospitals attached to Government Medical College, Amritsar from January 2008−February 2009. Routine antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed and interpreted as per standard guidelines. Methicillin resistance was detected using oxacillin and cefoxitin disc diffusion method, oxacillin screen agar method, and minimum inhibitory concentration using broth macrodilution method. Results: A total of 115 (46%) strains were found to be methicillin resistant. Multidrug resistance was observed in 73% MRSA strains. However, no strain was resistant to vancomycin. Conclusion: Regular surveillance of hospital-associated infection and monitoring of antibiotic sensitivity pattern is required to reduce MRSA prevalence.

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Pattern of Antibiotic Sensitivity in Enteric Fever: A Tertiary Care Hospital Experience

Journal of Medicine ◽

10.3329/jom.v15i2.20684 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 15 (2) ◽

pp. 122-124 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Samira Rahat Afroze ◽

Muhammad Abdur Rahim ◽

Md. Mehedi Hasan ◽

Farhana Afroz ◽

Hasna Fahmima Haque ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Culture ◽

Nalidixic Acid ◽

Enteric Fever ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Sensitivity Pattern ◽

Drug Resistant Strains

Objectives: To describe the antibiotic sensitivity pattern ofSalmonella typhi and Salmonella paratyphi from blood culture specimens. Methods: This cross-sectional study was done in the Department of Medicine, BIRDEM from July 2009 to June 2012. Standard laboratory and microbiological procedures were followed for blood culture and antibiotic sensitivity tests. Results: Among the 97 blood culture positive samples, S. typhi was 71 (73.2%) and S. paratyphi was 26 (26.8%). Multi-drug resistant strains of S. typhi and S. paratyphi were 23 (32.4%) and 3 (11.5%) cases respectively. Azithromycin, nalidixic acid, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin and amoxicillin resistance was also found in a good number of cases (S. typhi and S. paratyphi: 71.8% and 57.7%, 42.3% and 30.8%, 38% and 34.6%, 38% and 26.9% and 38% and 26.9% cases respectively). Nineteen (31.1%) of the 61ciprofloxacin sensitive organisms were resistant to nalidixic acid. Ceftriaxone was sensitive in 100% of S. typhi and S. paratyphi. Cefixim, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, imipenem were among the most common sensitive antibiotics (S. typhi and S. paratyphi: 83.1% and 73.1%, 62% and 65.4%, 53.5% and 65.4%, 76.1% and 65.4% cases respectively). Conclusion: Ceftriaxone was the most sensitive antibiotic for treating enteric fever followed by cefixim, imipenem and ciprofloxacin. However, in suspected cases of enteric fever, blood culture should be requested before prescribing antibiotic.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jom.v15i2.20684 J MEDICINE 2014; 15 : 122-124

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