scholarly journals Acanthosis nigricans: a clinical marker of insulin resistance

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 161
Author(s):  
Sanjiv V. Choudhary ◽  
Vikrant Saoji ◽  
Adarshlata Singh ◽  
Shivani Mane
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Blood Sugar ◽  
Acanthosis Nigricans ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Fasting Blood Sugar ◽  
P Value ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Fasting Insulin ◽  
Positive Correlation

<p><strong>Background:</strong> Very little information is available regarding the association of acanthosis nigricans with insulin resistance from rural areas of India. Therefore this study was carried out with the aim and objectives to study the association between acanthosis nigricans and insulin resistance and to evaluate correlation of acanthosis nigricans severity, neck severity and neck texture severity with fasting blood sugar &amp; serum insulin especially in this rural part of central India.</p><p><strong>Methods:</strong> In this cross sectional study with comparative group, total 162 age and sex matched subjects were divided into two groups of cases (81) with acanthosis nigricans and comparative subjects (81) without acanthosis nigricans. The severity acanthosis nigricans was assessed using the Burke’s quantitative scale. Fasting blood sugar and fasting insulin levels were estimated to know the Homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) values. Data was analyzed by using appropriate statistical tests.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong> The age range was 20 to 55 years with the mean of 32.82 ± 10.19 years for cases and 33.67 ± 8.09 for comparative subjects. Univariate analysis which showed significant association of acanthosis nigricans with fasting insulin and HOMA-IR with significant odds ratios and p value (p =0.0001) respectively. Fasting blood sugar showed greater risk of association in cases but it was statistically insignificant with p-value of (p =0.32). Spearman rank coefficient correlation showed weak correlation of HOMA-IR with acanthosis nigricans severity, neck severity and neck texture severity, but showed positive correlation of fasting insulin with acanthosis nigricans severity, neck severity and neck texture severity, with statistically significant P-value (p &lt;0.05).</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Acanthosis nigricans was strongly associated with insulin resistance with significant odds ratio and statistical significant p value (P &lt; 0.05). Acanthosis nigricans severity, neck severity and neck texture severity showed positive correlation with fasting serum insulin with statistically significant p value (P &lt;0.05). </p>

scholarly journals Association of Osteocalcin with Metabolic Syndrome and its Correlation with Insulin Resistance

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nehali Pattanayak ◽  
Anuva Mishra ◽  
Sucharita Mohanty ◽  
Pramila Kumari Mishra ◽  
Putul Bara
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Blood Sugar ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Fasting Blood Sugar ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Serum Osteocalcin ◽  
Public Health Burden ◽  
Cardio Vascular

Introduction: Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) is an important public health burden associated with five-fold risk of developing Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) and two fold risk of Cardio Vascular Disease (CVD). Recent studies described that osteoblasts produce osteocalcin which increases insulin secretion and adiponectin production resulting in insulin sensitivity. Aim: To determine the association of serum osteocalcin with MetS and to assess the correlation of insulin resistance Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) with osteocalcin. Materials and Methods: This case-control study was carried out in the Department of Biochemistry at MKCG Medical College, Brahmapur, Odisha, India. By observing the mean and standard deviation from previous studies, with 95% Confidence Interval (CI) and 80% power of study, the sample size was calculated to be 45. Forty eight cases between 20-45 years of age meeting the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP ATP III) criteria of MetS and 50 age and sex matched healthy individuals were taken as controls. Individuals with any systemic illness or on any kind of medications were excluded from the study. Fasting blood sugar, lipid profile were measured by standard procedures. Serum osteocalcin and serum insulin was estimated by Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) LISA SCAN READER and ROCHE e COBAS 411 electrochemiluminiscence, respectively. Statistical analysis was done in Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) 22.0 version software. Results: Serum osteocalcin was found to be lower in cases as compared to controls (7.74±4.62 ng/mL and 23.24±9.74 ng/mL) respectively. Osteocalcin was also found to be significantly negatively correlated with HOMA-IR, Waist Circumference (WC), triglyceride and fasting blood sugar in cases with (r=-0.322, p=0.025), (r=-0.519, p<0.001), (r=-0.401, p=0.005), (r=-0.539, p<0.001), respectively and also in controls with (r=-0.494, p<0.001), (r=-0.176, p=0.245), (r=-0.398, p<0.05), (r=-0.141, p<0.05), respectively. Conclusion: Serum osteocalcin being negatively correlated with insulin resistance may have therapeutic role in prevention of MetS which may be substantiated with further study.

Sa1062 Effect of 12 Weeks of Oral Betaine on Homeostasic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (Homa-IR) in Non-Diabetic Subjects With Mildly Elevated Fasting Blood Sugar

2014 ◽  
Vol 146 (5) ◽  
pp. S-950 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Nolan ◽  
Timothy R. Morgan ◽  
Elango Kathirvel ◽  
Kengathevy Morgan ◽  
Rachel Gonzalez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Blood Sugar ◽  
Fasting Blood Sugar ◽  
Model Assessment

scholarly journals High-Circulating Leptin Levels Are Associated with Greater Risk of Hypertension in Men Independently of Body Mass and Insulin Resistance: Results of an Eight-Year Follow-Up Study

2008 ◽  
Vol 93 (10) ◽  
pp. 3922-3926 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Galletti ◽  
L. D'Elia ◽  
G. Barba ◽  
A. Siani ◽  
F. P. Cappuccio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Assessment Model ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Male Population ◽  
Baseline Serum ◽  
Assessment Index

Background: We previously reported a significant association between plasma leptin (LPT) concentration and blood pressure (BP), which was partly independent of serum insulin levels and insulin resistance. The aims of this study were to detect whether serum LPT levels predict the development of hypertension (HPT) in the 8-yr follow-up investigation of a sample of an adult male population (the Olivetti Heart Study), and to evaluate the role of body mass index (BMI) and insulin resistance in this putative association. Patients and Methods: The study population was made up of 489 untreated normotensive subjects examined in 1994–1995 (age: 50.1 ± 6.7 yr; BMI: 26.3 ± 2.8 kg/m2; BP: 120 ± 10/78 ± 6 mm Hg; and homeostatic model assessment index: 2.1 ± 1.6). Results: The HPT incidence over 8 yr was 35%. The participants with incident HPT had similar age but higher BMI (P &lt; 0.001), serum LPT (P &lt; 0.001), and BP (P &lt; 0.01) at baseline. One sd positive difference in baseline serum LPT log was associated at univariate analysis with a 49% higher rate of HPT [95% confidence interval (CI) 22–83; P &lt; 0.001]). In three different models of multivariable logistical regression analysis, LPT was respectively associated with a 41% greater risk to develop HPT (95% CI 15–74; P &lt; 0.001) upon adjustment for age and baseline BP, with a 48% (95% CI 20–81) greater risk when adding the homeostatic assessment model index to the model, and with 33% greater risk (95% CI 6–67; P &lt; 0.02) upon adjustment for BMI. Conclusions: In this sample of originally normotensive men, circulating LPT level was a significant predictor of the risk to develop HPT over 8 yr, independently of BMI and insulin resistance.

scholarly journals Occurrence of Acanthosis Nigricans, A Benign Condition or Associated with Systemic Disease. A Case-Control Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-43
Author(s):  
R. Acharya ◽  
A. Rijal
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Blood Sugar ◽  
Acanthosis Nigricans ◽  
Systemic Disease ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Underlying Disease ◽  
Abdominal Circumference ◽  
P Value ◽  
Benign Condition

Background: Acanthosis nigricans (AN), a common cutaneous finding, characterized by hyperpigmentation and velvety hyperplasia of the epidermis affecting flexures. Its exact prevalence varies according to age, race, degree of obesity and endocrinopathy.Objectives: Though previous studies have identified AN as marker of hyperinsulinemia and its common association with obesity, this study was done to see if AN occurs as benign condition or has any underlying disease and also to identify the possible risk factors associated with it.Material and methods: Clinically diagnosed cases of AN (n=55) were included with equal number of healthy control. Height, weight, abdominal circumference, body mass index (BMI), level of Blood Sugar and Lipids were measured. Comorbidities were defined as hypertension: Blood pressure ≥ 140/90 mmHg; Diabetes mellitus: Fasting Blood sugar (FBS) >125mg/dl, Post prandial >160mg/dl, Obesity grading as per WHO criteria and Metabolic Syndrome: ATP III criteria. Data were assessed using univariate analysis with crude odds ratio and 95% confidence intervals. Variables with p-value ≤ 0.05 were tested in multivariate model.Results: Of 55 cases of AN, 94.5% had one or more underlying disease. Obesity (89.09%) was the most common associated condition followed by dyslipidemia (87.2%), metabolic syndrome (56%), hypertension (38.18%), diabetes (18.8%) and hypothyroidism (14.54%). There was a strong association of AN with increased waist circumferences (OR 7.93), BMI (OR 6.8), metabolic syndrome (OR 6.79), family history (OR 4.6) and FBS (OR 3.98). High densitiy lipid (HDL) was found to have protective role (OR 0.36) in AN.Conclusion: Findings strongly support that patients with AN are at higher risk for having metabolic syndrome with all components than those without AN.Nepal Journal of Dermatology, Venereology & Leprology, Vol.14(1) 2016, pp.37-43

scholarly journals Insulin Resistance in firstborn offspring of mother who developed diabetes later in fourth decade: Are both related to possible maternal malnutrition?

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 56-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.R. Bajracharya ◽  
M.D. Bhattarai ◽  
B.B. Karki ◽  
S. Prajapati ◽  
D. Karmacharya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Insulin Level ◽  
Maternal Diabetes ◽  
P Value ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Maternal Malnutrition ◽  
Fourth Decade

Back grounds and Aims: Diabetes mellitus is increasing each day. We aimed to study the insulin resistance (IR) in the offspring of people with diabetes and its relation with lifestyle and clinical factors.Methods: This is a cross sectional study of IR in offspring over the age of 18 years and having parents with diabetes. Participants already diagnosed as having diabetes, suffering from any illness or using drugs that may have altered blood sugar levels were excluded. A fasting blood sample was taken for blood glucose and serum insulin level and IR was calculated using homeostatic model assessment for IR (HOMA –IR).Results: Forty nine participants volunteered for the study of which 24.5% were found to have IR, the cut off value of HOMA –IR being 2.48. As compared to the later born offspring, the firstborn were six times more at risk for IR (Odds ratio 6.25, P value 0.015) and after adjustment for BMI, it was seven times (Odds ratio 7.29 , P value 0.011). IR was more in offspring with maternal diabetes than with paternal one. The mean age of diagnosis of diabetes in mothers having firstborn offspring with IR was 38.5 years as compared to 48.2 years of those having firstborn offspring without IR.Conclusion: Higher risk of IR seen in the firstborn offspring whose mother later developed diabetes at fourth decade indicate the probability of relation of both conditions with possible maternal malnutrition during the first pregnancy. Further larger studies are required focusing on these aspects.Journal of Advances in Internal Medicine 2014;3(2):56-61

Obesity, Dyslipidemia and Insulin Resistance in Survivors of Childhood Cancer

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soundarya Mahalingam MD ◽  
Kamalakshi G Bhat MD ◽  
Anita Dhulipalli MBBS ◽  
Saravanan Ramaswamy MD
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Childhood Cancer ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
P Value ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Survivors Of Childhood Cancer

Abstract Background: With the increased survival rates following the treatment of childhood cancer, it becomes equally important that the need for evidence based surveillance of long term effects of cancer therapy is addressed. This includes the risk of development of metabolic syndrome features like obesity, altered lipid and sugar profile, which was attempted in the present study. Materials and Methods: In this cross sectional case study, 50 survivors of childhood cancer aged between 5 – 18 years were recruited. Positive history of obesity, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, and stroke in family were recorded and their anthropometry was noted with calculation of their Body Mass Index (BMI). Fasting lipid profile, blood sugar, and serum insulin levels were tested; the Homeostatic model assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA IR) value and the Fasting Glucose to Insulin Ratio(FGIR) were derived as markers of insulin sensitivity.  The data were analyzed using SPSS (version 17.0). Results: In these fifty children, the risk factors studied for dyslipidemia and insulin resistance due to chemotherapy were: age at diagnosis, sex, radiation exposure, steroid, and L-asparaginase use during the treatment for cancer. Among the fifty survivors, 7 were found obese, 32 normal, and 11 underweight as per the age specific BMI charts. Their metabolic parameters showed that 12 had raised cholesterol levels, 8 had raised triglyceride levels, and 4 had lowered HDL-C levels. Nine survivors also had raised HOMA-IR levels. However, these metabolic derangements were not found to be statistically significant (p value>0.05) and no correlation was found between the risk factors and obesity, dyslipidemia, or insulin resistance. Conclusion: As against the prior evidence, there was no risk of developing obesity, dyslipidemia, and insulin resistance in survivors of childhood cancers.  Keywords: Dyslipidemias, Insulin Resistance, Obesity, Survivors of childhood cancer

scholarly journals Association between Triglyceride Glucose Index and Insulin Resistance among Thai Obese Adolescents

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thidarat Somdee ◽  
Udomsak Mahaweerawat ◽  
Chatchada Mahaweerawat ◽  
Suneerat Yangyuen
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Blood Sugar ◽  
Multiple Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Surrogate Marker ◽  
Fasting Blood Sugar ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Obese Adolescents ◽  
Tyg Index

Introduction: Global adolescence obesity is considered as the risk factor associated with the development of Insulin Resistance (IR). And, Triglyceride Glucose (TyG) index has been used as an alternative tool to estimate IR. Thailand has also encountered the same trend especially the adolescence obesity risk is increasing because of malconsumption behaviour. Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the association between the TyG index and IR among Thai adolescents. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out on 300 obese adolescents selected from the Obesity Outpatient Clinic of Mahasarakham Provincial Public Health Office during 2009 to 2013. Anthropometric and IR risk factors were measured. The TyG index was calculated as in {fasting Triglycerides (TG) (mg/dL)×fasting blood sugar (mg/dL)}/2, while IR was estimated by Homeostasis Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR). Data were analysed by using a multiple logistics regression at 0.05 level of significance running with STATA version 13.0 software. Results: All subjects were divided into tertile groups based on the TyG index to analyse statistically significant differences (p<0.05). ANOVA revealed that there were significant differences in IR risk factors (Basal Metabolic Index, Fasting Blood Sugar level, and Triglyceride level) among the groups. Both TyG index and HOMA-IR level were statistically highly significant among the tertiles (p<0.001). Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that TyG index can be used as an association factor for IR, in a fully adjusted model after adjusting BMI and Tricep thickness (3.06; 95% CI 1.780, 5.170; p<0.001). Conclusion: The results of the TyG index were significantly associated with IR in thai obese adolescents hence, supporting the use of TyG index as a surrogate marker for IR.

scholarly journals Incidence of Insulin Resistance in Obese Adolescent of Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A17-A17
Author(s):  
Farrukh Javaid ◽  
Rukhshan Khurshid ◽  
Huma Ashraf ◽  
Abeera Mazhar ◽  
Lubna Amir
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Blood Sugar ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Fasting Blood Sugar ◽  
Obese Adolescent ◽  
First Degree Relatives

Abstract Background: Insulin resistance is a reduced response of tissue to insulin-mediated action on cells. It may be due to many reasons, including the surplus of adipose tissue, which cause a resistance of insulin. Aims and Objectives: To find the incidence of insulin resistance in obese adolescent of type-2 diabetes mellitus patients. Material and Methods: The study involved 50 adolescents aged 14–20 years old. Adolescents with BMI &gt; 26.0 Kg/m2 were included in the study. Levels of fasting blood sugar, Hb A1c and serum insulin were estimated. The index of Homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance or HOMA-IR was calculated. The cut-off value of HOMA-IR was &gt; 3.16 for both genders. Results: It was observed that the values of BMI and level of fasting blood sugar of first degree relatives of diabetics was significantly higher as compared to their controls. Levels of both blood HbA1c and serum insulin were increased but significant difference was observed only in case of serum insulin when compared with their controls. Conclusion: Obesity in adolescents of first degree relatives of diabetics shows a major reason of insulin resistance. The incidence of insulin resistance in obese adolescents signals a perturbing trend for the burden of type 2 diabetes in our country.

Therapeutic Effect of Metformin and Vitamin E Versus Prescriptive Diet in Obese Adolescents with Fatty Liver

2011 ◽  
Vol 81 (6) ◽  
pp. 398-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akcam ◽  
Boyaci ◽  
Pirgon ◽  
Kaya ◽  
Uysal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Liver Steatosis ◽  
Tnf Alpha ◽  
Dietary Advice ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Fasting Insulin ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Obese Adolescents

Objective: The aim of the study was to determine whether metformin or vitamin E treatment for six months is effective in reducing body weight, blood pressure, and also ameliorating insulin resistance, adiponectin, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha in obese adolescents with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Methods: Sixty-seven obese adolescents with liver steatosis (age range, 9 - 17 years) were included in the study. The metformin group received an 850-mg dose of metformin daily and the vitamin E group received 400 U vitamin E /daily, in capsule form for 6 months, plus an individually tailored diet, exercise, and behavioral therapy. Results: After 6 months later, there was a significant decline in body mass index, and fasting insulin and homeostatic model assessment (HOMA) values in all three groups. Moreover, in comparingson of changes in HOMA among the groups, the metformin- treated group showed significantly improved metabolic control and insulin sensitivity (HOMA) at the end of the study. There were no significant differences for changes of adiponectin, TNF-alpha, in all three groups after 6 months study. Conclusion: These data suggest that metformin treatment is more effective than dietary advice and vitamin E treatment in reducing insulin resistance, and also in ameliorating metabolic parameters such as fasting insulin and lipid levels, in obese adolescents having NAFLD.

Investigating the relationship between insulin resistance and adipose tissue in a randomized Tehrani population

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jalaledin Mirzay Razzaz ◽  
Hossein Moameri ◽  
Zahra Akbarzadeh ◽  
Mohammad Ariya ◽  
Seyed ali Hosseini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Fasting Insulin ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Body Fat Percent ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Objectives Insulin resistance is the most common metabolic change associated with obesity. The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between insulin resistance and body composition especially adipose tissue in a randomized Tehrani population. Methods This study used data of 2,160 individuals registered in a cross-sectional study on were randomly selected from among subjects who were referred to nutrition counseling clinic in Tehran, from April 2016 to September 2017. Insulin resistance was calculated by homeostasis model assessment formula. The odds ratio (95% CI) was calculated using logistic regression models. Results The mean age of the men was 39 (±10) and women were 41 (±11) (the age ranged from 20 to 50 years). The risk of increased HOMA-IR was 1.03 (95% CI: 1.01–1.04) for an increase in one percent of Body fat, and 1.03 (95% CI: 1.00–1.05) for an increase in one percent of Trunk fat. Moreover, the odds ratio of FBS for an increase in one unit of Body fat percent and Trunk fat percent increased by 1.05 (adjusted odds ratio [95% CI: 1.03, 1.06]) and 1.05 (95% CI: 1.02, 1.08). Also, the risk of increased Fasting Insulin was 1.05 (95% CI: 1.03–1.07) for an increase in one unit of Body fat percent, and 1.05 (95% CI: 1.02–1.08) for an increase in one unit of Trunk fat percent. Conclusions The findings of the present study showed that there was a significant relationship between HOMA-IR, Fasting blood sugar, Fasting Insulin, and 2 h Insulin with percent of Body fat, percent of Trunk fat.

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