Vaccine hesitancy for childhood vaccinations in urban slums of Bengaluru rural district, Karnataka

: Throughout the globe, vaccines have saved countless lives, improved health and wellbeing. Vaccine hesitancy at the individual and community level risks the public health consequences of vaccine-preventable disease outbreaks.1. To find out the proportion of vaccine hesitancy 2. To determine the factors contributing to vaccine hesitancy for childhood vaccinations in urban slums of Bengaluru Rural District, Karnataka. A community based cross sectional study was carried out in 8 urban slums of Bengaluru Rural District from August 2019 to September 2020. Children aged 0-59 months were primary subjects and mothers / primary caregivers of children 0-59 months were secondary study subjects. Data Collection was done using a predesigned, pretested questionnaire and by reviewing immunization cards. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 20. The association between Vaccine hesitancy and predictor variables was tested by using chi –square test. Vaccine hesitancy was present among 75% of the mothers / primary care givers. Main Reasons for Vaccine hesitancy reported were fear of vaccination side effects, sickness of child, unaware of availability of vaccines, felt unnecessary to get child vaccinated, The present study reported delay in vaccination for the birth dose of BCG (66%), Hepatitis B (40%); OPV (9%). Vaccine hesitancy was found to be more in nuclear families, low socio-economic class, in female children, birth order of 3 or higher, among mothers who had primary education and are homemakers. This difference was found to be statistically significant. Among the characteristics of children, the gender of the child and birth order was found to be significantly associated with vaccine hesitancy. One of the major reasons found in this study for Vaccine hesitancy was concern regarding safety. Therefore vaccination programmes and policies have to feature strong community engagement strategies to increase awareness about the vaccines and remove fears.

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Likelihood of COVID-19 Vaccination Among Individuals Living With Psoriatic Disease: Results From a Large Real-World Survey

Journal of Psoriasis and Psoriatic Arthritis ◽

10.1177/24755303211067822 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 247553032110678

Author(s):

George C. Gondo ◽

Megan H. Noe ◽

Stacie J. Bell ◽

Christopher T. Ritchlin

Keyword(s):

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Individual Characteristics ◽

Vaccine Uptake ◽

Vaccine Hesitancy ◽

Annual Household Income ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Psoriatic Disease ◽

Flu Vaccine ◽

To Receive

Introduction: Development and dissemination of novel COVID-19 vaccines represent an opportunity to end the COVID-19 pandemic by vaccinating an estimated 80% of the population. Objectives: This study examines perceptions, and demographic and clinical factors influencing the likelihood of adults with psoriasis receiving a novel COVID-19 vaccine. Methods: A cross sectional study conducted from October–November 2020 of 1405 adults with psoriatic disease with prior contact to a patient advocacy organization. The main outcome of interest was the likelihood of receiving a COVID-19 vaccine. Chi-square tests and logistic regression examined the relationship between individual characteristics and likelihood of receiving a COVID-19 vaccine. Results: Most participants (65%) received a flu vaccination in the last 12 months and were (64.2%) likely to receive a COVID-19 vaccine, while 35.9% reported being unlikely receive a vaccine. Likelihood of COVID-19 vaccination was associated with receiving the flu vaccine, race, ethnicity, sex, BMI, age, income, severity of PsO and PsA. When controlling for ethnicity, race, male sex, overweight/obese status, age, biologic use, disease type, comorbidities linked with worse COVID-19 outcomes, PsA symptoms, and skin disease severity, individuals who received the flu vaccine and those with annual household income over $75,000 were most likely to receive a COVID-19 vaccine. Conclusions: Vaccine hesitancy among individuals with psoriatic disease is considerable. Dermatologists and rheumatologists can increase COVID-19 vaccine uptake by actively engaging their patients on this topic using guidance published by the National Psoriasis Foundation on the management of psoriatic disease during the COVID-19 pandemic.

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The visual outcomes after cataract surgery in urban slums of Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India: a cross sectional study

International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health ◽

10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20190183 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 638

Author(s):

Anjana Tiwari ◽

Indu Padmey

Keyword(s):

Cataract Surgery ◽

Visual Outcome ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Urban Slums ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Visual Outcomes ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Poor Outcomes

Background: Poor outcomes of cataract surgery are a major problem in developing countries, including India which affects the demand and uptake of cataract surgical services. The present study was aimed to assess the visual outcomes after cataract surgery and identify factors associated with it, among persons aged 50 year and above in urban slums of Raipur.Methods: A community-based, cross-sectional study was conducted in15 randomly selected clusters (urban slums) of Raipur from June 2012 to March 2013. Interviews, Visual Acuity measurements and ocular examinations were performed on all persons aged 50 year and above through house to house visits. Details about surgical intervention i.e. date, setting, type of cataract surgery were obtained from cataract operated persons, for each eye that had cataract surgery. Collected data were analyzed by using both descriptive and inferential statistics. The chi- square test was used to determine the associations of different cataract related parameters with visual outcomes in cataract operated eyes.Results: Of the 870 participants, 203 persons (329 eyes) had undergone cataract surgery. Among all operated eyes, visual outcome was good (VA ≥6/18) in 84.5%, borderline (VA <6/18 and ≥6/60) in 12.5%, and poor (VA <6/60) in 3% of eyes with available correction. Visual outcome of cataract surgery was significantly associated with age at time of surgery, literacy, type of surgery, place of surgery and time since surgery.Conclusions: The visual outcomes of cataract surgery were excellent in study area; it can be further improved by appropriate refractive correction, provision of glasses and adequate follow up after cataract surgery.

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COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in people with migratory backgrounds: a cross-sectional study among Turkish- and German-speaking citizens in Munich

BMC Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1186/s12879-021-06940-9 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Zekeriya Aktürk ◽

Klaus Linde ◽

Alexander Hapfelmeier ◽

Raphael Kunisch ◽

Antonius Schneider

Keyword(s):

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Vaccine Hesitancy ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Or Groups ◽

Migratory Background ◽

German Speaking ◽

The Mean ◽

High Attitude ◽

And Behavior

Abstract Background This study aimed to investigate the knowledge, attitudes, behaviors, and COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy of people with migratory backgrounds among Turkish- and German-speaking patients in Munich. Methods Primary outcomes were the intention to get vaccinated for COVID-19 and COVID-19 knowledge levels (25 true/false items). Other variables included demographics, attitudes to COVID-19 and vaccination (7 items), and behaviors regarding COVID-19 (7 items). The attitude and behavior questions had 5-point Likert scales. Of the 10 Turkish-speaking family physicians in Munich, six agreed to administer Turkish or German questionnaires to consecutive patients in February 2021. Furthermore, participants with either citizenship, country of origin, native language, or place of birth being non-German were categorized as “Having a migratory background.” Data from 420 respondents were analyzed. Results Women constituted 41.4% (n = 174), the mean age was 42.2 ± 15.5 years, 245 (58.3%) preferred the Turkish questionnaire, 348 (82.9%) had a migratory background, and 197 (47.9%) intended to be vaccinated. The mean knowledge, attitude, and behavioral scores were 21.5 ± 3.2 (max = 25), 3.7 ± 0.8 (max = 5), and 4.0 ± 0.5 (max = 5). While 42.3% (n = 145) of the participants with a migratory background considered getting vaccinated, this proportion was 76.5% (n = 52) for non-immigrant Germans (Chi-square = 26.818, p < 0.001). Non-migratory background (odds ratio (OR): 3.082), high attitude scores (OR: 2.877), male sex (OR: 2.185), years of schooling (OR: 1.064), and age (OR: 1.022) were positively associated with vaccination intention. Conclusions We suggest initiating or supporting projects run by persons or groups with immigrant backgrounds to attempt to elaborate and change their vaccination attitudes.

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COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy in People With Migratory Backgrounds: A Cross-Sectional Study Among Turkish- and German-Speaking Citizens in Munich

10.21203/rs.3.rs-493056/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Zekeriya Aktürk ◽

Klaus Linde ◽

Alexander Hapfelmeier ◽

Raphael Kunisch ◽

Antonius Schneider

Keyword(s):

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Vaccine Hesitancy ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Or Groups ◽

Migratory Background ◽

German Speaking ◽

The Mean ◽

High Attitude ◽

And Behavior

Abstract BackgroundThis study aimed to investigate the knowledge, attitudes, behaviors, and vaccine hesitancy of people with migratory backgrounds among Turkish- and German-speaking patients in Munich regarding the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsPrimary outcomes were the intention to get vaccinated for COVID-19 and COVID-19 knowledge levels (25 true/false items). Other variables included demographics, attitudes to COVID-19 and vaccination (7 items), and behaviors regarding COVID-19 (7 items). The attitude and behavior questions had 5-point Likert scales. Of the 10 Turkish-speaking family physicians in Munich, 6 agreed to administer Turkish or German questionnaires to consecutive patients during February 2021. Participants with either citizenship, country of origin, native language, or place of birth being non-German were categorized as “Having a migratory background.” Data from 420 respondents were analyzed.ResultsWomen constituted 41.4% (n=174), the mean age was 42.2±15.5 years, 245 (58.3%) preferred the Turkish questionnaire, 348 (82.9%) had a migratory background, and 197 (47.9%) intended to be vaccinated. The mean knowledge, attitude, and behavior scores were 21.5±3.2 (max=25), 3.7±0.8 (max=5), and 4.0±0.5 (max=5). While 42.3% (n=145) of the participants with a migratory background considered getting vaccinated, this proportion was 76.5% (n=52) for non-immigrant Germans (Chi-square=26.818, p<0.001). Non-migratory background (Odds Ratio (OR): 3.082), high attitude scores (OR: 2.877), male sex (OR: 2.185), years of schooling (OR: 1.064), and age (OR: 1.022) were positively associated with vaccination intention.ConclusionsWe suggest initiating or supporting projects run by persons or groups from inside the immigrants targeting to elaborate and change their vaccination attitudes.

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Prevalence of vaccine hesitancy and its associated factors in an urban area of West Bengal, India

International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health ◽

10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20203905 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (9) ◽

pp. 3443

Author(s):

Rajib Sikder ◽

Dipankar Mukherjee ◽

Ujjwal Pattanayak ◽

Kunal Kanti Majumdar ◽

Subha Sankha Kundu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

West Bengal ◽

Simple Random Sampling ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Childhood Vaccination ◽

World Health ◽

Vaccine Hesitancy ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Care Givers ◽

Health Organization

Background: Vaccine hesitancy is delay in acceptance or refusal of vaccines despite availability of vaccine services. This study was conducted to find out the prevalence and factors associated and contributing to vaccine hesitancy for childhood vaccinations in Rajpur-Sonarpur municipalty of south 24 parganas, India.Methods: A cross‑sectional study was done among 352 children aged 0-59 months. Hesitancy to all childhood vaccination including the birth doses were observed. By simple random sampling ward no 8 was selected among the 37 wards of Rajpur-Sonarpur municipalty. All the vaccination center of ward no 8 on various vaccination days were covered from July 2019- December 2019. Data were collected at these vaccination centers by interviewing parents /associates of the children. Validated version of vaccine hesitancy survey questionnaire by the World Health Organization was used.Results: Vaccine hesitancy was present among 103 (29%) parents/relatives /associates of children. Delay was more common for measles and the booster doses of other vaccines. Reluctance to vaccinate was the most common reason (26.2%) for vaccine hesitancy. About 15(15.4%) parents reported to be unaware or confused of when to vaccinate their children. Improper counselling by health care givers, illness or irritability of the child were other causes.Conclusions: To avoid delay in vaccination weekly vaccination days were recommended. Community level campaigning and home visit of those eligible children to generate awareness about vaccination and to avoid reluctance in parents/associates of children were suggested.

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Prevalence of self-medication practices among the residents of urban slums located near govt. medical college, Jabalpur

International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health ◽

10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20180274 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 811

Author(s):

Shubham Jain ◽

Aditya Thakur ◽

Kunal Peepre ◽

Shivika Kaushal ◽

Pradeep Kasar

Keyword(s):

Economic Status ◽

Educational Interventions ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Urban Slums ◽

Common Source ◽

Self Medication ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Medical College ◽

Chi Square Test

Background: Self-medication is defined as medication taken on the patient’s own initiative or on the advice of pharmacist or any other lay person. Self-medication can be described as a double edged sword for its users, because it has both beneficial and harmful effects. According to recent community based study in 2016 prevalence of self-medication in developing countries varies from 12% to as high as 73% in different communities. The objectives of the study were to assess the prevalence of self-medication among the residents of urban slums located near Govt. medical college, Jabalpur and to identify the factors associated with the practice of self-medication.Methods: It was a descriptive cross sectional study conducted in 412 families residing in slum areas around the medical college for duration of 2 months [1st July to 31st august 2017]. One participant from each family was interviewed. Data on socio demographic details (age, gender, education, occupation, and income), practice of self-medication, and reasons for use of self-medication were collected.Results: Among the total 412 participants, 176 (42.7%) practiced self-medication out of which 43.6% were Females. Highest prevalence of 58.1% amongst 18-40 years of age group, 69.3% was literates. Major reason for self-medication being disease is simple (56.5%). Majority took self-medication occasionally (72.5%) and most common source were Pharmacists (87.42%) through OTC (81.14%). Most widely used drugs were Analgesics (66.28%) and main indications were headache, body ache and other pains (25.2%). Associations were compared with chi-square test Socio economic status of participants and Vicinity distance from hospital revealed statistically significant result. Socio-economically upper class (p꞊0.018) and participants living more than 500 m away from hospital (p=0.010) tends to take more self medication.Conclusions: There was a heterogeneous spread in the practices. Easy availability of over the counter (OTC) drugs is a major factor responsible for irrational drug use. Community awareness programme, educational interventions should be conducted about side effects of self-medication.

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ASSESSMENT OF CAREGIVER BURDEN OF MENTALLY ILL PATIENTS: A CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY

10.36106/ijsr/3130187 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 15-16

Author(s):

Sreekala K N ◽

K R Leela Itty Amma

Keyword(s):

Caregiver Burden ◽

Mentally Ill ◽

Community Care ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

High Burden ◽

Care Givers ◽

Emotional Burnout

One of the main aspects of community care of mentally ill patient is family support. Caregiver Burden is the Physical, Emotional & Financial toll of providing care. A caregiver may go into depression, anxiety, physical burnout or emotional burnout due to stress of giving care to the patient. By assessing the burden and nding out the factors related to high burden we can nd out the coping strategies. This cross-sectional study was planned to assess Caregiver burden of mentally ill patients and also to nd out the factors associated with high caregiver burden among the study subjects. This study was conducted in tertiary mental health care centres of Thiruvananthapuram among 80 primary care givers using Burden Assessment Schedule (BAS) developed by Schizophrenia Research Foundation (SCARF), Chennai and data was analysed to get Proportions and Chi Square. We found that majority of caregivers had high burden and caregiver's relationship with patient is signicantly associated with high burden.

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AN ASSESSMENT OF XEROPTHALMIA PROBLEM AMONG SCHOOL GOING CHILDREN IN URBAN SLUMS OF RAIPUR

10.36106/gjra/6700136 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1-2

Author(s):

Vinod Gedam

Keyword(s):

Urban Health ◽

School Children ◽

Primary Schools ◽

Health Centre ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Urban Slums ◽

Primary School Children ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Urban Health Centre

Introduction: Present study was carried out in school children (6-15 years age) from slum areas of Raipur city near its Urban Health Centre to see the Magnitude of Xerophthalmia. Very few studies have been done to clinically assess the extent of Ocular manifestations of Vitamin A deciency in primary school children Method: Study was designed as a cross sectional study conducted in primary schools of urban slums of Raipur city near its Urban Health Centre . 1000 children were randomly selected from 10 schools and examined . From each school 100 children were randomly selected from standard I-VII. Xerophthalmia was diagnosed if there was a history of night blindness, or on examination, there were signs of conjunctival xerosis, Bitot's spots, corneal xerosis or keratomalacia. Information was analysed by using the Microsoft Excel and SPSS . Chi square test was used for analysis. Results: 0.5% cases of nightblindness, 1.4% cases of conjunctival xerosisand2.1% cases ofBitot's spot were found. Types offamily, lower social class (class IV&V)andpoorintakesofgreenvegetablesweresignicantlyassociatedwiththevitaminAdeciency. Conclusion: Study showed that this preventable cause of ocular morbidity is still prevalent in fair magnitude. Studies are needed on this issue to highlight the importance

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COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in people with migratory backgrounds: A cross- sectional study among Turkish- and German-speaking citizens in Munich

10.21203/rs.3.rs-493056/v2 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Zekeriya Aktürk ◽

Klaus Linde ◽

Alexander Hapfelmeier ◽

Raphael Kunisch ◽

Antonius Schneider

Keyword(s):

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Vaccine Hesitancy ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Or Groups ◽

Migratory Background ◽

German Speaking ◽

The Mean ◽

High Attitude ◽

And Behavior

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Vaccination Hesitancy: The Case of Cervical Cancer Vaccination in Fako Division, Cameroon

International Journal of TROPICAL DISEASE & Health ◽

10.9734/ijtdh/2021/v42i830476 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 32-43

Author(s):

C. Neh Fru ◽

Tassang Andrew ◽

David Greenspan ◽

F. Nchang Cho ◽

Mokake Martin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cervical Cancer ◽

Low Socioeconomic Status ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Vaccine Hesitancy ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

And Gender ◽

High Level ◽

Vaccination Hesitancy

Introduction: The fight against cervical cancer stumbles against resistance to accepting vaccines. Vaccination hesitancy is a worldwide phenomenon. It seems this phenomenon is more amplified in Africa. With the advent of COVID 19, many conspiracy theories against all the vaccines have emanated from various quarters. Vaccination against Human Papilloma Virus is no exception to the current dynamics. A study on this topic was carried out in the Fako Division-Cameroon. Structural and individual reasons could explain vaccination hesitancy. Objective: The objective of this study is to attempt an explanation of why vaccination hesitancy has to do with poor uptake of cervical cancer vaccines. Methodology: a community-based cross-sectional study was carried out in some towns of the Fako Division – Cameroon from 5 to January 20, 2021. Paper-based questionnaires were administered only to those who consented to participate in this study. And chi-square test was estimated to establish the association between participant socioeconomic characteristics and cervical cancer vaccine hesitancy Results: A total of 250 consecutively enrolled participants were included in the study. Women with a high level of education will readily accept vaccination against cervical cancer. About 71% of our sample does not trust government decisions regarding judgments against cervical cancer. If given a choice between medical treatment and prayers, 62% of our studied population will prefer prayers. There is some degree of bias against female children in our community. Conclusion: Many components constitute vaccination hesitancy. The corruption of political elites, brainwashing of masses by the new type of churches, self-convictions, ignorance, lack of knowledge on CC, and gender bias are some. They all increase on structural causes: the colonial background and the low socioeconomic status of these countries.

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