scholarly journals Vaccination Hesitancy: The Case of Cervical Cancer Vaccination in Fako Division, Cameroon

2021 ◽  
pp. 32-43
Author(s):  
C. Neh Fru ◽  
Tassang Andrew ◽  
David Greenspan ◽  
F. Nchang Cho ◽  
Mokake Martin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Vaccine Hesitancy ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
And Gender ◽  
High Level ◽  
Vaccination Hesitancy

Introduction: The fight against cervical cancer stumbles against resistance to accepting vaccines. Vaccination hesitancy is a worldwide phenomenon. It seems this phenomenon is more amplified in Africa. With the advent of COVID 19, many conspiracy theories against all the vaccines have emanated from various quarters. Vaccination against Human Papilloma Virus is no exception to the current dynamics. A study on this topic was carried out in the Fako Division-Cameroon. Structural and individual reasons could explain vaccination hesitancy. Objective: The objective of this study is to attempt an explanation of why vaccination hesitancy has to do with poor uptake of cervical cancer vaccines. Methodology: a community-based cross-sectional study was carried out in some towns of the Fako Division – Cameroon from 5 to January 20, 2021. Paper-based questionnaires were administered only to those who consented to participate in this study. And chi-square test was estimated to establish the association between participant socioeconomic characteristics and cervical cancer vaccine hesitancy Results: A total of 250 consecutively enrolled participants were included in the study. Women with a high level of education will readily accept vaccination against cervical cancer. About 71% of our sample does not trust government decisions regarding judgments against cervical cancer. If given a choice between medical treatment and prayers, 62% of our studied population will prefer prayers. There is some degree of bias against female children in our community. Conclusion: Many components constitute vaccination hesitancy. The corruption of political elites, brainwashing of masses by the new type of churches, self-convictions, ignorance, lack of knowledge on CC, and gender bias are some. They all increase on structural causes: the colonial background and the low socioeconomic status of these countries.

scholarly journals HANDLING DISTRUST ON RISK COMMUNICATION IN NIGERIA: A STRATEGY TO STRENGTHENING THE COVID-19 OUTBREAK RESPONSE

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Olayinka Stephen Ilesanmi ◽  
Priscilla Onaopemipo Akosile ◽  
Aanuoluwapo Adeyimika Afolabi ◽  
Victor Okoliko Ukwenya
Keyword(s):  
Risk Communication ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Outbreak Response ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
High Level

Abstract Background This study aimed to assess the level of trust in the COVID-19 risk communication efforts in Nigeria. Methods We conducted a descriptive cross-sectional study among community members aged 15 years and above in Ondo state in October, 2020. Data were collected using an interviewer-administered questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 22. Descriptive statistics were summarized using frequencies. Trust was ranked from “1” implying “Low level of trust” to “7” denoting “High level of trust”. We conducted bivariate Chi-square test on respondents’ level of trust in the Nigeria Centre for Disease Control (NCDC) and socio-demographic characteristics. The level of significance was set at p<0.05. Results Among the 691 respondents, 244 (35.3%) were aged 21 to 29 years, and 304 (51.4%) used the NCDC to obtain COVID-19 knowledge. Overall, 205 (41.8%) had high level of trust in the NCDC. Furthermore, 51 (51.5%) individuals aged 30-39 years had high level of trust in the NCDC (ᵡ2=17.455, p= 0.001). Also, 114 (48.5%) persons who lived with children below 18 years had high level of trust in the NCDC (ᵡ2= 8.266, p= 0.004). Conclusion Policy makers should prioritize the involvement of young and educated persons in COVID-19 risk communication strategies.

scholarly journals Nutritional status of 1-5 years children in the urban slum area of Jagdalpur city, Bastar region, Chhattisgarh

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 1172
Author(s):  
Q. H. Khan ◽  
Garima Arora ◽  
Susheel Kumar Nalli
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Immunization Coverage ◽  
Urban Slum ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Present Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Nutritional Status Of Children ◽  
High Level

Background: Nutritional status is the best indicator of the child health. Malnutrition has both short and long term adverse ramifications. As per NFHS III 47% children are stunted in the state of Chhattisgarh. However still many communities in the tribal dominated and naxal affected state may remain affected, hence the study was planned to identify the nutritional status of children and find out its determinant.Methods: Present cross-sectional study was conducted among 12-59 months children in the urban slum of Jagdalpur city, Bastar region of Chhattisgarh. Predesigned and pretested questionnaire was administered to the caregiver of the child, information on socio-demographic characteristics was obtained and anthropometric measurements were taken. Statistical Analysis: all frequencies were derived for completeness of data. WHO Anthro Software version 3.1.0 was used to classify the malnutrition status. Chi-square test was applied to find association between dependent variables.Results: Out of 225 children 53.3% were boys and 46.7% were girls. The overall prevalence of underweight stunting and wasting was 28.4%, 41.3%, and 19.1% respectively.Conclusions: Prevalence of underweight has reduced in the district over a period of years. However high level of stunting, a sign of chronic hunger points towards the pivotal role of socio-demographic and behavioral practices prevalent in the district. Interaction with health system in the form of ANC, institutional delivery and safeguarding effective 100% immunization coverage has shown preventive effect.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Microdontia among Patients Undergoing Orthodontic Treatment

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Single Tooth ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Relationship

Objective: This study was carried out to determine the prevalence of microdontia among patients undergoing orthodontic treatment. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted at Sindh Institute of Oral Health Sciences, (JSMU) from January-2020 to May-2020. Pre-treatment casts were taken of 140 subjects. The mesiodistal dimension of each tooth was recorded through the vernier caliper. Frequency and percentage were calculated for the presence of microdontia. The test applied was Pearson’s Chi-square test to assess the relationship between microdontia and variables like age and gender. P-value <0.05 was taken as statistically significant. Data analysis was performed on SPSS version 22. Results: A total of 140 subjects were selected i.e. 105 (75%) females and 35 (25%) males aged range 13 -30 years with mean age 18.29 ± 3.88. Out of 42, single tooth microdontia was found in 3 (7.1%), more than one tooth microdontia, and generalized microdontia was present in 36 (85.7%) and 3 (7.1%) respectively. Microdontia was found to be more common in the maxilla (n=42, 100%) than the mandible (n=14, 33.3%). It was found more common in females (n=37, 35.2%) as compared to males (n=5, 14.3%). Statistically significant relationship was found among gender and prevalence of microdontia (p=0.019) with a statistically insignificant relationship between age and presence of microdontia (p=0.228). Conclusions: Microdontia was found to be a frequent dental anomaly, was more common in maxilla and females with a significant association with gender.

scholarly journals A Comparative Analysis of Determinants of Household Knowledge of Split and Grouped Mosquito Larval Source Management for Malaria Prevention and Control in Rural Malawi

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dumisani Mfipa ◽  
Mphatso Kamndaya ◽  
Kingsley Lungu
Keyword(s):  
Malaria Prevention ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Stagnant Water ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Larval Source Management ◽  
Clean Environment ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
High Level ◽  
Source Management

Abstract BackgroundLimited studies have compared determinants of household knowledge of split and grouped mosquito larval source management (LSM) methods. Thus, we compared determinants of household knowledge of split and grouped mosquito LSM methods for malaria control in Malawi. MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted among 479 households in Nthache, Mwanza district, Malawi. Household knowledge of mosquito LSM methods; draining stagnant water, larviciding, clean environment and clearing grass/bushes were assessed by using a validated structured household questionnaire administered to an adult household member. Chi-square test was used to compare the distribution of household knowledge of each of the split and grouped mosquito LSM methods. Multivariable logistic regression was used to examine factors associated with household knowledge of each of the split and grouped mosquito LSM methods. ResultsHousehold knowledge of draining stagnant water was lower than high-level knowledge of grouped mosquito LSM methods (32.9% versus 83.5%, p=0.000). Household knowledge of clearing grass/bushes was lower than high-level knowledge of grouped mosquito LSM methods (8.2% versus 77.7%, p=0.000). Household knowledge of clean environment was lower than high-level knowledge of grouped mosquito LSM methods (21.8% versus 63.8%, p=0.000). No significant differences were observed between knowledge of larviciding and high-level knowledge of grouped mosquito LSM methods (4.1% versus 5.8%, p=0.421). Respondents without education had 57% less the odds of having knowledge of draining stagnant water than those with primary education (AOR=0.43, 95% CI 0.26-0.69). Those from iron-roofed households and the widowed had three and more than four times the odds of having knowledge of larviciding than those from grass-thatched households and the married (AOR=3.03, 95% CI 1.26-7.29 and AOR=4.73, 95% CI 1.34-16.73), respectively. ConclusionsExcept for larviciding, household knowledge of grouped mosquito LSM methods was significantly higher than split methods. Policy for integrated vector management should address determinants of split mosquito LSM methods to improve household knowledge.

scholarly journals Association between socioeconomic status and the prevalence of intestinal worm infection in primary school children

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 106
Author(s):  
Sri Alemina Ginting ◽  
Isra Firmansyah ◽  
Dedi Satria Putra ◽  
Dachrul Aldy ◽  
Syahril Pasaribu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Stool Examination ◽  
Medical Problems ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Intestinal Worm

Background In Indonesia, medical problems are indicated bydiseases associated with low socioeconomic status. The preva-lence of intestinal worm is still high in Indonesia.Objective The purpose of this study was to find the associationbetween socioeconomic status and the prevalence of intestinalworm infection.Methods A cross sectional study was done on 120 primary schoolchildren in Suka Village, Karo District, North Sumatra Province.Subjects were selected by means of random sampling. Kato Katzmethod was used in stool examination. Socioeconomic status wasreferred from the Survey Keluarga Sejahtera (Wealth Family Sur-vey) 1998 by the BKKBN (the National Coordination Board onFamily Planning). Data of socioeconomic status were collected byinterview using a questionnaire and analyzed by chi square test; pvalue of <0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.Results Eighty-four subjects (70%) suffered from intestinal worminfection. There was no significant association between either age(p=0.811) or nutritional status (p=0.792) and intestinal worm infec-tion, but there was significant association between sex and intes-tinal worm infection (p=0.028). There was also association betweenintestinal worm infection and father’s education (p=0.044). Mother’soccupation had a significant association with intestinal worm in-fection (p=0.001), but father’s occupation (p=0.474) did not. Nei-ther parents’ income (p=0.429) nor socioeconomic status (p=0.098)was associated with intestinal worm infection.Conclusion There was significant association between intestinalworm infection and sex, father’s education or mother’s occupation

scholarly journals Snacking Behaviour and Its Determinants among College-Going Students in Coastal South India

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prasanna Mithra ◽  
Bhaskaran Unnikrishnan ◽  
Rekha Thapar ◽  
Nithin Kumar ◽  
Sharana Hegde ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Random Effect ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Established Risk Factor ◽  
College Going ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
The Government ◽  
High Level

Background. Consumption of snacks in between the regular meals is a poor snacking behaviour. It is an established risk factor for several lifestyle-related disorders and has long-term effects among the younger individuals. Objectives. To study the snacking behaviour and to assess their determinants among college-going students. Methods. This cross-sectional study was conducted among 865 college-going students in Mangaluru. Data were collected using a pretested pro forma that was coded and analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 11.5. The chi-square test and random-effect logistic regression analyses were used. Results. Overall, there were 52.4% females and 47.6% males, and 76.8% of them were aged <20 years. More than half of the participants (54.3%) had the habit of snacking in between regular meals. Among them, a large proportion (78.7%) did not have any specific timings for snacking. Also, 51.1% of the students were snacking while watching TV, and 31.9% of them snacked while studying. Breakfast was the most commonly skipped meal (26.2%); of those missing the breakfast regularly, 123 (71.9%) had poor snacking behaviour. A significantly larger proportion of males had a higher frequency of snacking per day (69.3% versus 57.2%, p<0.0001) and consumed aerated drinks more frequently (22.6% versus 15.8%, p=0.011), skipped meals more often (58.6% versus 50.6%, p=0.022), and preferred adding fruits in snacks (78.1% versus 69.4%, p=0.005). Snacking frequency was proportionately higher among students of private colleges (73.6%) than that in the government colleges (55.1%). Participants from nonscience stream, nonvegetarians, and those with a tendency to skip the regular meals had significantly higher levels of poor snacking behaviour. Conclusions. The study population had a high level of poor snacking behaviour. Appropriate measures are needed among younger people to follow fixed eating patterns and avoid skipping of regular meals.

scholarly journals Prescription pattern in public specialized dental care centers in Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. e554101220732
Author(s):  
Gabriela Luiza Hochscheidt ◽  
Mateus Müller da Silva ◽  
Maria Beatriz Cardoso Ferreira ◽  
Alexandre Silva de Quevedo ◽  
Deise Ponzoni
Keyword(s):  
Prescription Drugs ◽  
Dental Care ◽  
Dosage Regimen ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Rational Drug ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
And Gender

The aim of this study was to evaluate the most common drugs prescribed by dentists and the indicators related to rational drug use. A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted in which 189 interviews were carried out from August 2015 to June 2016 with patients who received drug prescriptions at specialized dental care centers in a city in southern Brazil. A specific data sheet was used, with questions regarding: age and gender of the patient, dental specialty in which the care occurred, and prescription drugs and their respective dosage regimen. Statistical analysis was performed using the chi-square test or Fisher's exact test (p <0.05). From the total of interviews, it was observed that 92.1% of patients received written medication prescriptions. Of these prescriptions, 38.5% had some type of antibiotic for systemic use. Acetaminophen was the most prescribed drug (33.4%), followed by amoxicillin (19.7%). The mean number of medications per prescription was 1.75, and 17.4% of the prescriptions did not indicate the dosage regimen. Our findings indicate a high incidence of prescribed antibiotics and non-compliance with regulatory agency guidance in prescriptions at the centers evaluated.

scholarly journals Assessment of gadgets addiction and its impact on health among undergraduates

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (8) ◽  
pp. 3624 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aravind K. Kumar ◽  
Mayur S. Sherkhane
Keyword(s):  
Work Performance ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Social Infrastructure ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Professional Performance ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Area Of Concern ◽  
High Level

Background: Technology has made our youth the most vulnerable group among today’s population, because of their accessibility and addiction to newer gadgets, which are cheap and easily available. Society has always been worrying about the term ‘Drug Addiction’ of our youth but ‘Gadget Addiction’ is a more critical area of concern in the present era and is a threat to the social infrastructure in the future. Addiction is an irrepressible urge which is accompanied by loss of control leading to lower emotional intelligence indirectly deteriorating the academic and professional performance as well as hampering their family life leading to life threatening problems in future.Methods: Cross sectional study was done among 200 undergraduates using predesigned and pretested questionnaire. Gadget dependency was analysed using 5-point Likert-scale. Descriptive statistics and chi-square test was used for analysing the data collected.Results: 71% belonged to 21-24 years age group. 73.5% were males and 43.5% belonged to class I socio-economic status and 70% had normal BMI. 72.5% of subjects had first gadget at 16-20 years and 90.5% were using smart-phones as a common gadget, of them, 50.2% were using for more than 7 hours a day. 61% had difficulty in day to day work performance. Females were more prone compared to males (p=0.008).Conclusions: High level of dependency was present with gadget addiction. Health action to be taken in form of counselling about the pros and cons in the early phase can prevent future complications. 

scholarly journals Presentation of invasive cervical cancer in Bangladesh

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jannatul Ferdous ◽  
Shirin Akter Begum ◽  
Noor-E- Ferdous ◽  
Qamrun Nahar ◽  
Sayeda Fatema Khatun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Invasive Cervical Cancer ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Frequency Distributions ◽  
The Status ◽  
Chi Square Test

<p><strong>Background:</strong> Cervical cancer is a disease of significant worldwide morbidity and mortality. More than 85% of the disease occurs in developing countries. Bangladesh, like other developing countries faces a burden of the disease. <strong></strong></p><p><strong>ObJec­tive:</strong> To find out the different way of presentation of invasive cervical cancer patients. <strong></strong></p><p><strong>Methods:</strong> This cross-sectional study was carried out in the Gynaecologic Oncology wing of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of Bang­abandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU) during 1st January 2007 to 30th April 2008. One hundred and four patients with invasive cervical cancer admitted in hospital were enrolled in the study by purposive sampling. All the infor­mation were collected in a pre-designed structured questionnaire. Data were analyzed using statistical program SPSS version: 17.0. Frequency distributions were used to present the characteristics of the patients. Chi-square test was calcu­lated and the significant level was set at P&lt;0.05. <strong></strong></p><p><strong>Results:</strong> Maximum patients (60.6%) were in stage II. Majority of the patients (61.5%) presented with abnormal bleeding. Exophytic growth was found in the majority of the patients (71.2%). Squamous cell carcinoma was more (92.3%) in the majority of patients and adenocarcinoma was more in younger age group. <strong></strong></p><p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> The status of the patients irJ this study reflects advanced stage of the disease at presentation and the peak incidence was observed in 36-45 years age group.</p>

The Incidence Rate of Temporomandibular Joint Dysfunction in Patients with Earache

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shamsoulmolouk Najafi ◽  
Nafiseh Sheykhbahaei ◽  
Maryam-Sadat Sadrzadeh-Afshar ◽  
Shahin Asadi-Ghalhari ◽  
Narges Gholizadeh
Keyword(s):  
Temporomandibular Joint ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Temporomandibular Joint Dysfunction ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Axis I ◽  
And Gender

Background and Objectives: Temporomandibular joint dysfunction (TMD) is known as a chronic pain in the earsmanifested in the form of tinnitus, earache, hearingloss, vertigo, and other impairments. Although patients affected with this disorderundergo long-term treatmentsusing various medicines without significant pain relief,medical care is still possible with a correct diagnosis. This study investigated the incidencerate of TMD in patients suffering from earache. Materials and Methods:This cross-sectional study investigate theincidencerate of TMDin patients with earache referring todental clinics affiliated toTehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Iran, including patients with over six months of earache or those having pain despite using medicines. The Diagnostic Criteria for TMD (DC/TMD) Axis I and II Protocol was used for examining TMD and stress, and also independent t-test and Chi-square test were employedto compare TMD patientsin terms of age and gender. Results:A total number of 100 individuals aged between 18 and 65 years, including 40 males and 60 females were examined in this study. The incidence rate of TMD in patients with earache was also reported by 76.5%. Conclusion:The results indicated a highincidence rate ofTMDin patients having earache. Accordingly, patients complaining about TMD required specialized earache evaluationsby dentists and medics.

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