scholarly journals COVID-19 An update on oral symptoms, newer variants, second wave and vaccination drive in India — A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 155-160
Author(s):  
Srilekha Jayakumar ◽  
Chakravarthy Srinivas Vineetha ◽  
Bindu Meera John ◽  
Karthikeyan Arumugam ◽  
Dinesh Sridhar
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
World Health ◽  
Virus Diseases ◽  
Corona Virus ◽  
The World ◽  
Oral Symptoms ◽  
Second Wave

A serious threat to world now is the emergence of COVID-19 (Corona Virus Diseases-2019). When compared to its precursor virus, SARS (Severe acute respiratory syndrome – now called as SARS-CoV-1) and MERS (Middle East respiratory syndrome), this virus spreads more rapidly. The emergence of this virus happened in december 2019 in Wuhan. World Health Organisation announced this virus outbreak as a pandemic on March 202020. The current threat to the world is the emergence of second wave of COVID -19 that has shaken many countries in world and its peak in India was in the month of may 2021 which had drastically affected the country. Hence this review gives a comprehensive update on corona virus and its newer oral symptoms and about treatment approaches and vaccines currently available in India.

Corona Virus: Endemic To Pandemic

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takshil D Shah
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
Emerging Pathogen ◽  
Corona Virus ◽  
The World

Coronaviruses (CoVs) are imperative pathogens for human and vertebrates which can affect primarily respiratory, gastrointestinal, hepatic and central nervous system of human, domestic animals, birds, bat, mouse and many other wild animals. According to the literature, the epidemiology reported the outburst evidence of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) in 2002-2003 and the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) in 2012 have established the infectious transmission from animal‐to‐human and human‐to‐human and now the emerging pathogen is CoVs which was found anonymously in a patient suffering from pneumonia in Wuhan in December 2019 has drawn incredible care around the world.

scholarly journals Does the novel coronavirus 2019 like heart more than the other family members of coronaviruses?

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 156-157
Author(s):  
Mohammad Mostafa Ansari Ramandi ◽  
Mohammadreza Baay ◽  
Nasim Naderi
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Novel ◽  
The World ◽  
Future Challenges ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Coronavirus Infections

The disaster due to the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) around the world has made investigators enthusiastic about working on different aspects of COVID-19. However, although the pandemic of COVID-19 has not yet ended, it seems that COVID-19 compared to the other coronavirus infections (the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome [MERS] and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome [SARS]) is more likely to target the heart. Comparing the previous presentations of the coronavirus family and the recent cardiovascular manifestations of COVID-19 can also help in predicting possible future challenges and taking measures to tackle these issues.

scholarly journals Underlying trend, seasonality, prediction, forecasting and the contribution of risk factors: an analysis of globally reported cases of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus

2018 ◽  
Vol 146 (11) ◽  
pp. 1343-1349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omar B. Da'ar ◽  
Anwar E. Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Moving Average ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
World Health ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Predictive Capacity ◽  
Underlying Trend ◽  
Over Time

AbstractThis study set out to identify and analyse trends and seasonal variations of monthly global reported cases of the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV). It also made a prediction based on the reported and extrapolated into the future by forecasting the trend. Finally, the study assessed contributions of various risk factors in the reported cases. The motivation for this study is that MERS-CoV remains among the list of blueprint priority and potential pandemic diseases globally. Yet, there is a paucity of empirical literature examining trends and seasonality as the available evidence is generally descriptive and anecdotal. The study is a time series analysis using monthly global reported cases of MERS-CoV by the World Health Organisation between January 2015 and January 2018. We decomposed the series into seasonal, irregular and trend components and identified patterns, smoothened series, generated predictions and employed forecasting techniques based on linear regression. We assessed contributions of various risk factors in MERS-CoV cases over time. Successive months of the MERS-CoV cases suggest a significant decreasing trend (P = 0.026 for monthly series and P = 0.047 for Quarterly series). The MERS-CoV cases are forecast to wane by end 2018. Seasonality component of the cases oscillated below or above the baseline (the centred moving average), but no association with the series over time was noted. The results revealed contributions of risk factors such as camel contact, male, old age and being from Saudi Arabia and Middle East regions to the overall reported cases of MERS-CoV. The trend component and several risk factors for global MERS-CoV cases, including camel contact, male, age and geography/region significantly affected the series. Our statistical models appear to suggest significant predictive capacity and the findings may well inform healthcare practitioners and policymakers about the underlying dynamics that produced the globally reported MERS-CoV cases.

scholarly journals Covid-19: The Wuhan Pandemic

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 251-253
Author(s):  
Tooba Masood
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Large Family ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
The World ◽  
Novel Virus ◽  
Prevention Guidelines

Coronavirus belongs to a large family of viruses that usually cause respiratory illness in human beings that can be mild and severe depending upon the strain. In 2002, the outbreak of SARS (severe acute respiratory syndrome) reported more than 8000 infected cases with 774 mortalities. In 2012, the outbreak of MERS (middle east respiratory syndrome) infected around 2494 people and 858 deaths were reported according to the WHO. In January 2020, a new strain of coronavirus named 2019-nCoV has been identified in China. The number of confirmed cases has been increasing reaching 5,593,631 cases worldwide with 353,334 deaths up till 28th May 2020 according to WHO situation report-129. Concerned authorities are working on minimizing its spread. Prevention guidelines have been released by WHO, hoping to control the transmission and save the world from the effects of this novel virus.

scholarly journals FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI PERILAKU MASYARAKAT DALAM PENCEGAHAN PENULARAN COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 21-25
Author(s):  
Erika Untari Dewi
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Sars Coronavirus ◽  
Corona Virus

Corona virus adalah keluarga besar virus yang menyebabkan penyakit mulai dari gejala ringan sampai berat. Ada setidaknya dua jenis coronavirus yang diketahui menyebabkan penyakit yang dapat menimbulkan gejala berat seperti Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) dan Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS). Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) adalah penyakit jenis baru yang belum pernah diidentifikasi sebelumnya pada manusia. Virus penyebab COVID-19 ini dinamakan Sars-CoV-2. (Kemenkes, 2020). Pencegahan dan penanggulangan penyakit yang penting adalah dengan cara memutus rantai penularan, yaitu dengan menghentikan agen masuk ke pejamu dan pencegahan yang mengarah pada upaya penanggulangan faktor risiko penyakit, seperti perilaku yang merupakan akumulasi dari pengetahuan dan sikap terhadap kesehatan seseorang untuk terbebas dari penyakit. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi perilaku masyarakat dalam pencegahan penularan Covid-19. Desain yang digunakan pada penelitian ini deskriptif korelasi. Dalam penelitian ini menggunakan variabel independen dan dependen. Populasi dari Penelitian ini adalah masyarakat binaan Ners Stikes William Booth. Sampel yang digunakan 70 orang dengan menggunakan teknik total sampling. Pengambilan data dengan kuisioner. Data diperoleh dari hasil kuisoner, data yang terkumpul ditabulasi dengan tabel dan dikonfirmasikan dalam bentuk tabel. Dari hasil penelitian ini didapatkan hasil dari empat faktor yang mempengaruhi perilaku pencegahan penularan Covid-19 yakni factor usia, tingkat Pendidikan, pekerjaan, sosial ekonomi dan tingkat pengetahuan, ternyata faktor tingkat pengetahuan yang mempengaruhi perilaku pencegahan penularan Covid-19. Berdasarakan hasil penelitian ini sehingga untuk meningkatkan perilaku pencegahan penularan Covid-19 diperlukan Pendidikan kesehatan kepada masyarakat secara terus-menerus dan berkesinambungan.

scholarly journals Middle East Respiratory Syndrome

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Novie H. Rampengan
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Middle East ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Antiviral Agents ◽  
Supportive Therapy ◽  
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
World Health ◽  
Infected People ◽  
Corona Virus ◽  
Health Organization

Abstract: Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) is a respiratory disease caused by Corona virus (MERS-CoV). This virus was first reported in 2012 in Saudi Arabia. World Health Organization (WHO) reported that until June 2015 there were 26 countries infected by MERS-CoV with a total of 1,334 laboratory confirmed cases of MERS-CoV infection and 471 deaths. According to WHO as many as 75% of MERS-CoV cases are secondary cases, obtained from other infected people. In mid 2015 it is reported that MERS-CoV attacked South Korea with 172 confirmed cases of MERS-CoV and 27 deaths. There are no approved antiviral agents for the treatment of MERS-CoV infection or vaccine available for the prevention of MERS-CoV. MERS cases are treated with supportive therapy such as hydration, antipyretics, analgesics, respiratory support, and antibiotics in case of secondary infectionKeywords: Middle East Respiratory Syndrome, Corona virus, treatmentAbstrak: Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) merupakan penyakit saluran napas yang disebabkan oleh Corona virus (MERS-CoV). Virus ini pertama kali dilaporkan pada tahun 2012 di Arab Saudi. WHO melaporkan bahwa sampai Juni 2015 terdapat 26 negara terinfeksi MERS-CoV dengan total 1.334 kasus yang dikonfirmasi laboratorium terinfeksi MERS-CoV dan 471 kematian. Menurut WHO sebanyak 75% dari kasus MERS-CoV merupakan kasus sekunder, yaitu diperoleh dari orang lain yang terinfeksi. Pada pertengahan tahun 2015 dilaporkan MERS-CoV menyerang Korea Selatan dengan 172 kasus yang dikonfirmasi laboratorium terinfeksi MERS-CoV dan 27 kematian. Belum ada antivirus yang disetujui untuk pengobatan infeksi MERS-CoV atau vaksin yang tersedia untuk pencegahan MERS-CoV. Penanganan MERS-CoV dengan terapi suportif berupa hidrasi, antipiretik, analgetik, bantuan pernapasan, dan antibiotik bila terjadi infeksi sekunder.Kata kunci: Middle East Respiratory Syndrome, Corona virus, penanganan

scholarly journals The history and epidemiology of Middle East respiratory syndrome corona virus

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aisha M. Al-Osail ◽  
Marwan J. Al-Wazzah
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
World Health ◽  
Corona Virus ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Novel Virus ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Corona Viruses

Corona viruses cause common cold, and infections caused by corona viruses are generally self-resolving. During the last 4 years, corona viruses have become the most important viruses worldwide because of the occurrence of several recent deaths caused by corona viruses in Saudi Arabia. Spread of the infection occurred worldwide; however, most cases of mortality have occurred in the Middle East. Owing to the predominance of outbreaks in the Middle Eastern countries, the virus was renamed a Middle East respiratory syndrome corona virus (MERS-CoV) by the Corona virus Study Group. The Center for Diseases Control and Prevention and World Health Organization maintain a website that is updated frequently with new cases of MERS-CoV infection. In this review, we describe the history and epidemiology of this novel virus. Studies of the genetics and molecular mechanisms of this virus are expected to facilitate the development of vaccines in the future.

scholarly journals The Covid-19 Between State of Emergency and Exception in Italy and Its Consequences on Human Rights

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 139
Author(s):  
Pina Sodano Omizzolo
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
World Health ◽  
Wuhan City ◽  
State Of Emergency ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

In mid-December 2019, several atypical cases of pneumonia were detected in hospitals in Wuhan City – Hubei Province – in Inner China. It turns out that the first patients had already fallen ill in early December or even mid-November. However, only on the last day of the year 2019, Chinese doctors were able to officially identify a new virus in a 41-year-old patient admitted 5 days earlier. The virus belongs to the class of “coronavirus”, the same to which the SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome) and MERS (Middle East Respiratory Syndrome) viruses belong. It is initially baptized 2019-nCov, or “new 2019 coronavirus”. In February, the official name assigned to the virus is Sars-COV-2 and the associated disease is named COVID-19. The outbreak took on considerable proportions in China and then spread to the rest of the world, leading the World Health Organization to declare the infection a “pandemic” on 11 March 2020. The containment strategies applied in the most affected countries have proved to be very different in effectiveness, to the point that the lethality of the virus appears very different from country to country. This difference in impact has led to different legal, economic and social consequences.

scholarly journals Peran Orang Tua dalam Pembelajaran Anak di Masa Pandemi

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayu Sutrah
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Corona Virus

Saat ini bumi sedang sedang ditimpa musibah besar, yaitu wabah atau virusyang biasa dikenal dengan Covid-19 atau virus korona. Virus ini menyerangmanusia di seluruh dunia, sehingga menyebabkan negara-negara di dunia sangatwaspada, dan menetapkan untuk melakukan kegiatan dari rumah saja, serta harussocial distancing untuk menjaga agar memperlambat penyebaran virus koronatersebut. Menurut WHO (2019), Corona virus merupakan keluarga besar virus yangmenyebabkan penyakit pada manusia dan hewan. Pada manusia biasanyamenyebabkan penyakit infeksi saluran pernapasan, mulai flu biasa hingga penyakityang serius seperti Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) dan SindromPernafasan Akut Berat/ Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) (Nahdi et al.,2020; Wax & Christian, 2020). Corona virus merupakan jenis baru yang ditemukanpada manusia sejak kejadian luar biasa muncul di Wuhan, Cina, pada Desember2019, kemudian diberi nama Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2(SARS-COV2), dan menyebabkan penyakit Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID- 19).Pandemi Covid-19 membuat beberapa sarana umum mati atau ditutupsementara, termasuk sekolah yang membuat kegiatan belajar mengajar dialihkanmenjadi kegiatan pembelajaran jarak jauh demi keamanan dan kesehatan. Hal initentunya berdampak untuk orang tua, dimana orang tua harus memberikanpembelajaran pada anaknya di rumah.Sun, Tang, dan Zou (2020) menyebutkan bahwa dampak covid ini membuatkegiatan belajar dilakukan dengan jarak jauh bagi semua elemen khususnyapeserta didik dan pendidik, hingga orang tua. Tentu hal ini menuai pro dan kontra,banyak orang tua yang mengungkapkan bahwa mereka merasa keberatan ketikaanak belajar di rumah, karena di rumah anak merasa bukan waktunya belajarnamun mereka cenderung menyukai bermain saat di rumah, walaupun di situasipandemi seperti ini. Namun, tidak sedikit juga orang tua yang setuju dengandiberlakukannya sekolah daring ini, karena tentu saja keamanan dan kesehatanpara siswa terjamin karena tidak bertemu dengan orang banyak setiap harinya,dimana resiko tertular virus sedikit. Maka disini akan terlihat bagaimana pola asuhorang tua saat belajar di rumah.

scholarly journals Year of the Mask; COVID-19 Challenges for Orthopaedic Surgery

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evert Smith
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Orthopaedic Surgery ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
World Health ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Virus Spread ◽  
Central Hospital ◽  
The World ◽  
Respiratory Physician ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

As a response to the viral pneumonias and severe illnesses that were emerging in patients, an ophthalmologist November 2019 a novel coronavirus emerged in Wuhan, Hubei, China Dr Li Wenliang, working at Wuhan Central Hospital, voiced his concerns only to be severely admonished by the authorities. The accelerated spread of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) in Wuhan, and then globally, as a result of the novel coronavirus was acute and pronounced. China alerted the World Health Organisation to several pneumonia cases at the end of December 2019 and the first death was recorded in early January 2020. The respiratory physician Dr Nanshan Zhong, announced human-to-human spread and a few days later on the 23 January 2020, Wuhan was placed under quarantine. The virus spread outside China and the WHO declared the outbreak a global health emergency on 30 January 2020. Tragically Dr Li Wenliang died on 7 February 2020 as a result of exposure to the virus, leaving a five-year-old son and a pregnant wife.

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