Changing foreign trade patterns in post-reform czech industry (1989-1995) - empirical evidence

1997 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Stolze
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Trade Flows ◽  
Trade Patterns ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Factor Endowments ◽  
Energy Inputs ◽  
Correlation Tests ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
The Eu

Summarizing our analysis we must acknowledge that it is still difficult to get a precise picture of the role which different factors play in determining international competitiveness of industrial branches. The most limits of the analysis are as follows: comprehensive data on input intensities of industrial branches were only available for West European countries; the assumptions necessary for a precise forecast of competitiveness positions through RCA-indicators are not been fulfilled; trade patterns are still distorted by production structures and capacities inherited from the planned economy. Although it may be premature to seriously address the question to what extent factor endowments determine trade flows between the Czech Republic and the EU, we have found a number of interesting tendencies. For the year 1989 correlation tests and an analysis of the most 10, 20 and 30 factor-intensive industries revealed a certain positive effect of capital, labour and energy inputs.

scholarly journals Entry Into the Common Market of the European Union in Terms of Czech Republic’s Foreign Trade with Dairy Products

2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 605-616 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivo Zdráhal ◽  
Věra Bečvářová
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Common Market ◽  
Milk Product ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
The Eu

The aim of the paper is to evaluate the development of the Czech foreign trade in milk and milk products and specify the typical features and consequences within its territorial and commodity structure using a specific system of indicators intended to show a relevant image on the topic. The analysis covers the period between 1999 and 2015 and are interpreted in the context of changes of the business environment that have occurred in the last two decades, particularly in relation to the Czech Republic’s entry into the European Union. Throughout the studied period, the Czech Republic revealed a positive balance of trade in milk and dairy products, as well as favourable values of TC index (value of coverage of import by export). The dynamics of the territorial structure of export and import is embodied in the overall trade dynamics between the Czech Republic and countries of EU-28. The Czech Republic’s entry into the EU common market, however, led to a change in the trading milk product structure. As a negative is regarded the fact that the structure of Czech export to the EU countries has changed and that is mainly concentrated on basic raw milk or dairy products of the first phase of processing with relatively low added value.

scholarly journals Development of agricultural foreign trade in the countries of Central Europe

2010 ◽  
Vol 56 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 163-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Svatoš ◽  
L. Smutka
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Agricultural Trade ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Central European ◽  
Eu Membership ◽  
Territorial Structure ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Eu

This paper analyses the development of agricultural foreign trade in Austria, Hungary and the Czech Republic with the aim of uncovering the changes that have impacted the Central European agricultural trade over the ten year period (1999–2008). It issues from the results of the analysis of agricultural trade in the aforementioned countries, which has changed dramatically in terms of the commodity structure, the territorial structure and primarily the value structure. The main changes to have caused most of the changes to the individual characteristics of agricultural foreign trade in the particular countries under analysis are the process of the EU enlargementy, the adoption of obligations to ensue from the EU membership and the concentration in the internal market of the EU countries. We can see the actual changes in the commodity and territorial structure of the trade carried out in the individual countries under analysis. The changes which have occurred resulted in a dominant share of the member countries of the EU 27 in the agricultural trade of the individual countries under analysis.

Impact of foreign trade on market concentration (czech manufacturing industries in 1993 - 1997)

2000 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alena Zemplinerová
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Economies Of Scale ◽  
International Markets ◽  
Market Concentration ◽  
Manufacturing Industries ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Eu

The paper presents an empirical analysis of the relationship between international trade and market concentration. Market concentration is measured with and without adjustment for foreign trade and results are compared. On most markets the adjustment of domestic supply for exports and imports reduces market concentration. Most concentrated industries as a rule further concentrated and the least concentrated industries further de-concentrated during the period 1993 - 1997. <p>Comparison of market concentration with the EU showed that manufacturing product markets that are in the EU very concentrated and for which economies of scale are typical, are not concentrated in the Czech Republic. This fact can imply a performance that is below the optimal scale and low competitiveness on the international markets. On the other hand, the least concentrated markets in the EU continue to be relatively more concentrated in the Czech Republic. These are often local markets on which foreign trade cannot create competition and should be therefore closely monitored by antimopoly authority.

scholarly journals Effect of the 2008–2009 economic crisis on the results of agricultural foreign trade of the Czech Republic

2011 ◽  
Vol 57 (No. 5) ◽  
pp. 226-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Burianová
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Comparative Advantage ◽  
Foreign Markets ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
The Past ◽  
European Area ◽  
Net Exports ◽  
The Eu

After accession of the Czech Republic to the EU in 2004, the volume of agricultural foreign trade (AFT) in the CR increased significantly. In the past two years, the trend has changed under the influence of the global economic crisis affecting the European area. The first part of the paper is focused on the overall development in the period of 2004&ndash;2009. To assess the competitiveness of agrarian commodities in foreign markets in 2008&ndash;2009, an analysis was carried out with the use of the Balassa RCA Indicator (Revealed Comparative Advantage) and also Michaely Index, which indicates a certain degree of specialization in exports. A logarithmic method, which allows determining the influence of prices and quantities on the change in net exports during these years, has also been used. &nbsp;

scholarly journals Importance of intrastat in EU intra-Community trade

2008 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 175-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Radmila Presová ◽  
Oldřich Tvrdoň ◽  
Andrea Živělová
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Mutual Trade ◽  
Important Trade Partner ◽  
The Eu

The paper deals with the importance of Intrastat and Eurostat for mutual trade with goods between EU countries and third countries. It informs about the importance of statistical data for all legal forms of trade companies, multinational companies, public administration institutions and service businesses. It points out that accepting the Czech Republic as a member of EU changed the use of terminology in foreign trade. For goods transactions between EU member states the terms sending and receiving are used, whereas the traditional terminology export – import is used for foreign trade with the third countries.Paper describes legal regulations including the instructions for statistical data records, specifically the Directive of the European parliament and Council No. 638/2004, appended by the Commission directive No. 1980/2004 and Public notice of the Czech statistical office from 18th May, 2005. Based on the retrospective view it shows the development of legal regulation and the importance of quo­ted directive for determining and recording statistical data. It notifies that statistical data are necessary for recognition of the course of integration of the internal market, formation of agricultural policy and adopting anti-dumping measures. Paper acquaints with organisation of statistics within the Euro­pean Union. It also notifies that statistical system includes also the countries of Iceland, Norway, and Liechtenstein.Results of foreign trade in 2007 show the involvement of the Czech Republic in mutual trade with the EU countries, to which 85.22 % of the total value of exported goods was sent, which represents the amount of CZK 194 056 per inhabitant of the Czech Republic. In the same year, goods of the total share of 69.90 % was received from the EU countries, which represents the amount of CZK 162 021 per inhabitant. Our most important trade partner is Germany, with which we have reached the turnover of CZK 1 429 986. According to the goods nomenclature, the highest share was exported in the case of motor vehicles (18.25 %), and machines and equipment (11.90 %).Calculation was done using the method of vertical and horizontal analysis. Authors got to the conclusion, that the use of these methods only is insufficient for evaluation of the mutual trade relations’ dynamics. Total values have to be recalculated to a comparable indicator, which is one inhabitant of a particular country.

scholarly journals Food Self Sufficiency in Selected Crops in the Czech Republic and Poland

2014 ◽  
Vol 62 (6) ◽  
pp. 1329-1341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavel Kotyza ◽  
Josef Slaboch
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
National Security ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
The Self ◽  
Critical Limit ◽  
Internal Factors ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Domestic Production ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
The Eu

Being a member of the EU, today the Czech Republic is not entirely dependent on domestic production of food and farming commodities. Since borders inside the EU are open, particular commodities can flow without any tariff measures. But food self-sufficiency belongs to internal factors of national security and therefore it deserves sufficient attention. The aim of this article is to evaluate, based on an analysis, the self-sufficiency rate of the Czech Republic and Poland in selected commodities of crop production between marketing years 2000/2001–2009/2010, with special attention to the most important and cultivated commodities – basic cereals, oilseeds, corn and potatoes. Based on analyses of self-sufficiency rate it can be concluded, that both countries can be considered as stabilised with restpect to rate of self-sufficency of selected crops – none of the presented groups falls under 80%. For most described commodities the trend of self-sufficiency rate in the Czech Republic and Poland is stabilised or growing. Only production of potatoes is coming close to critical treshhold in CZ, therefore national strategies should be put in place to maintain the self-sufficiency rate above the critical limit. After an analysis of internation trade it can be concluded that the Czech Republic is specialised exporter of not-processed commodities but country significantly falls behind Poland in competitiveness of processing of commodities.

scholarly journals Strategic development of varietal vineyards in the Czech Republic

2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 325-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiří Sedlo ◽  
Pavel Tomšík
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Future Development ◽  
Production Potential ◽  
Strategic Development ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Current Production ◽  
External Sources ◽  
Being There ◽  
The Eu

The paper describes strategic changes in the structure of grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) varieties grown in the Czech Republic. In 2004–2005, (i.e. after the admission of the Czech Republic into the EU) expenditures associated with restructuralisation and transformation of vineyards amounted for CZK 25,423 thous. The authors examine the development taking place in this domain within the last 50 years (i.e. from 1960 to 2010) and pay detailed attention to the period of 1989 to 2010. The paper analyses reasons of these changes and tries to describe the future development expected after 2010. The current production potential of the Czech Republic are 19,633.45 hectares of vineyards. For the time being, there are in average 1.07 wine growers per hectare of vineyards. As compared with 1960, the acreage of vineyards has doubled up and the number of the most frequent varieties has also increased. Within the period of 1989–1990, four varieties (i.e. Müller Thurgau, Green Veltliner, Italian Riesling and Sankt Laurent) occupied more than 60 % of the total vineyards area in the Czech Republic, whereas at present there are altogether 8 varieties (Müller Thurgau, Green Veltliner, Italian Riesling, Rhein Riesling, Sauvignon, Sankt Laurent, Blaufrankish, and Zweigeltrebe) at the nearly the same acreage.As far as the percentages of Müller Thurgau, Green Veltliner, Italian Riesling and Sankt Laurent varieties is concerned, it is anticipated that their acreages will further decrease, whereas those of Rhein Riesling, Sauvignon, Blaufrankish and Zweigeltrebe are expected to grow. The industry is under pressure of all Porter’s five forces of competition from external sources.

How the Hard Right “Europeanized” Homosexuality

2018 ◽  
pp. 57-83
Author(s):  
Conor O'Dwyer
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Eu Accession ◽  
Quantitative Content Analysis ◽  
Lgbt Rights ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Electoral Success ◽  
Lgbt Issues ◽  
Accession Process ◽  
The Eu

This chapter presents a framework for understanding the consequences of hard-right electoral breakthrough for the framing of homosexuality and LGBT rights. It begins by describing the extant framings of homosexuality under late communism in Poland and the Czech Republic. It then compares how the differing electoral success of hard-right political parties over the course of the EU accession process led to differing degrees of reframing homosexuality in both countries. In Poland, hard-right mobilization transformed the framing of LGBT rights by linking them with EU accession, which it portrayed as a threat to national identity. Because the Czech Republic did not experience hard-right backlash, the predominant framing of LGBT rights did not become as closely identified with the EU. The final part of the chapter moves from framing contests to frame resonance by presenting a quantitative content analysis of LGBT issues in both countries’ press from 1990 through 2012.

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