scholarly journals Research platform for the study of argumentation in popular science discourse

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 489-502
Author(s):  
E.A. Sidorova ◽  
◽  
I.R. Akhmadeeva ◽  
Yu.A. Zagorulko ◽  
A.S. Sery ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Popular Science ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
The Body ◽  
Science Texts ◽  
Science Discourse ◽  
Text Corpora ◽  
Research Platform ◽  
Analytical Tools ◽  
Web Platform ◽  
Selection Of

The paper discusses a software system designed to support the study of argumentation in Russian-language popular science texts. This system is based on an ontology built on modern principles of argumentation modeling. In particular, this ontology contains formal descriptions of typical reasoning schemes that are used for annotating texts, analyzing the arguments presented in them, and assessment of its persuasiveness relative to a given audience. A method of argumentative marking of a text is proposed, which provides the allocation of statements and the construction on their basis of an argumentation graph using knowledge about typical reasoning schemes. The paper also describes a set of web tools that provide the creation of thematic corpora, visualization of the argumentation ontology used, the construction of the argumentation graph, the selection of argumentation indicators in the texts, as well as the search for various entities in the text corpora in ontology terms. Analytical tools are presented by means of collecting statistical information on the occurrence of typical elements of argumentation in the body of texts, by means of researching indicators of argumentation and by means of analyzing the persuasiveness of argumentation. The novelty of the work consists in the development of an original methodology for studying argumentation in popular science discourse, based on the ontology of argumentation and supported by a specialized web platform.

scholarly journals Speech methods of representation of scientific knowledge as a tool for increasing reader interest to popular science texts (based on the material of online versions of journals)

2021 ◽  
Vol 273 ◽  
pp. 11029
Author(s):  
Yana Kosyakova
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Popular Science ◽  
Science Texts ◽  
Continuous Sampling ◽  
Science Discourse ◽  
Modern Media ◽  
Speech Patterns ◽  
Selection Of

The purpose of this work is to: 1) identify, study and analyze speech methods of updating scientific knowledge as a tool for influencing the reader's consciousness; 2) identify potential criteria for increasing the audience's interest in the presented scientific knowledge in the aspect of popular science discourse on the example of popular science articles from selected journals for analysis; 3) describe the influencing potential of these speech methods of presenting knowledge to the addressee. Methodology. The influencing potential of media sources that increase the interest of the readership is revealed through a series of studies describing the factors and methods of popularizing scientific knowledge in modern media on the basis of intersecting discourses (social-political, pedagogical, medical, etc.). The research is also based on the method of continuous sampling in the selection of practical material, the method of quantitative and qualitative analysis. The article substantiates the most effective and frequent speech patterns.

scholarly journals Rhetorical argumentation in popular science discourse: Features and prospects

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 426-440
Author(s):  
Marina N. Volf ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Popular Science ◽  
Target Audience ◽  
Science Literature ◽  
Science Text ◽  
Science Texts ◽  
Science Discourse ◽  
Basic Model ◽  
Dialectical Approach ◽  
Rhetorical Argumentation ◽  
And Function

The nature of popular science discourse in recent decades has acquired a convincing function, while it is addressed to an audience that is not always loyal to science. There are new requirements for writing argumentative popular science texts and they must contain arguments that depend on the target audience. The need for a broad mastery of the skill of writing well-reasoned popular science texts is associated with the issues of understanding how successfully their function has been implemented to convince the audience and thе explication of technologies that help make these texts convincing, including the creation of a database of typical basic arguments. It is believed that the methods of computer analysis used in computational rhetoric can be used to study the argumentative specifics of popular science literature, and rhetorical argumentation should be the most productive approach to argumentation in a popular science text because only it provides ways of interacting with the audience. However, there are constraints for the development of this direction that make it difficult to find and annotate arguments in a popular science text, namely: an ambiguity in understanding the argument and argumentation, modeling various arguments depending on the understanding of their structure and function, and finally, the target audience modeling. Explication of arguments in the text is possible through linguistic markers, but there is a problem of establishing the boundaries of the argument. Identifying the internal structure of text segment relationships solves this problem, however, annotating the text is sensitive to certain methods of modeling argumentation. Based on the basic model of Toulmin’s argument, the special aspects of modeling rhetorical argumentation and its dependence on the target audience are illustrated. It is proposed that the concept of a universal audience can hardly be adapted to practical tasks, and criteria that are consistent with the format of truths and the format of audience values, the implementation of which could bring the target audience closer to an universal one. The author demonstrates the features in the pragma-dialectical approach, which, despite its popularity in computational rhetoric, do not allow it to be fully adapted to popular science discourse.

scholarly journals The status and methodological interpretation of terminological phraseological units in scientific technical texts

2021 ◽  
Vol 273 ◽  
pp. 11005
Author(s):  
Оlga Nikolenko ◽  
Elena Shapovalova
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Information ◽  
Popular Science ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Scientific Texts ◽  
Science Texts ◽  
Functional Capabilities ◽  
Key Points ◽  
The Status ◽  
Scientific Technical

The article reveals the problem of the status of terminological phraseological units as meaning-forming units of popular science texts of mechanical engineering, which is relevant for the modern methodology of the Russian language as a foreign language, their functional capabilities are being determined that let them to participate in the structuring of speech images and transmit subjective intentions through speech impact. The authors develop the idea that phraseological units are conventional means of creating imagery with a certain amount of preserving their internal form, and they prove that scientific phraseological units, increasing the speech emotionality, play a special role in the implementation of suggestions and pragmatic goals of communication, because they contain the amount of scientific information, much more rather than in options without them. All this explains the using of phraseological units in both spoken language and written scientific texts: thanks to these formal shells, the authors focus the attention of their recipients on the key points of the study. Due to intentionality, phraseological units are the means of worldview objectification of their addressee.

scholarly journals The preposition of Comparasion vrode in various types of discourse in the modern Russian language: history, morphological status, functioning

2021 ◽  
pp. 246-255
Author(s):  
Maria N. Krylova
Keyword(s):  
Native Speaker ◽  
Popular Science ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Language History ◽  
Linguistic Unit ◽  
Representative Selection ◽  
Linguistic Units ◽  
The Given ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Modern Russian

The study raises the issue of the preposition of comparasion vrode functioning in various types of discourse in the modern Russian language. The goal was to identify various ways of introducing a unit into a text, both separately and in combination with other linguistic units, and expanding the possibilities of its use in different discourses. The research was carried out on a representative selection of language material with the employment of the resources of the Russian National Corpus. The preposition vrode, actively used by a native speaker, who with its help makes the comparison more convincing, creates an atmosphere of intimate conversation. The comparative preposition vrode is used in various discourses: colloquial discourse, media discourse, fiction discourse, popular science discourse, etc. The colloquial coloring of the preposition determines its wide use in the fictional discourse, if the author needs to depict the direct communication of the characters or convey his attitude to the described subject, character. Also considered are language units derived from a preposition vrode – phraseological combinations nechto vrode, chto-to vrode, kto-to vrode, comparative conjunctions vrode kak and vrode togo kak. It is noted that the semantics of constructions with the preposition vrode in Russian is influenced by the modal particle homonymous to it, but the comparative meaning of the given linguistic unit in most cases prevails over the modal one and combined with it. The author concludes that the preposition vrode is important in the system of operators, which express comparative semantics in various types of discourse of the modern Russian language.

scholarly journals LINGUISTIC ASPECTS OF ONTOLOGY-BASED ARGUMENTATION STUDY

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
И.С. Кононенко ◽  
И.Р. Ахмадеева ◽  
Е.А. Сидорова
Keyword(s):  
Popular Science ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Annotation Scheme ◽  
Science Texts ◽  
Argumentation Study

Обсуждаются вопросы аннотирования корпуса русскоязычных научно-популярных текстов. Особое внимание уделяется схеме разметки, в которой предметом аннотирования являются не только прагматические и семантические аспекты аргументации, но и лингвистические индикаторы аргументации. Предлагается представление индикаторов в виде лексических и лексико-грамматических шаблонов, которые автоматически формируются по размеченному фрагменту текста, а затем при необходимости уточняются экспертом вручную по результатам поиска в корпусе текстов и анализа всех соответствующих фрагментов. Полученный словарь индикаторов используется для поиска и автоматического выделения индикаторов аргументации в неразмеченном тексте. Annotation of the corpus of Russian-language popular science texts is discussed. Particular attention is paid to the annotation scheme, in which the objects of annotation are not only pragmatic and semantic aspects of argumentation, but also their linguistic indicators. The presentation of argumentation indicators in the form of lexical and lexical-grammatical patterns is proposed, which are automatically generated from a marked-up fragment of text, and then, if necessary, are manually specified by an expert based on the results of a search in the corpus and analysis of all relevant fragments. The resulting dictionary of indicators is used to search and automatically highlight indicators of argumentation in unannotated text.

scholarly journals Identification of argumentative sentences in Russian scientific and popular science texts

2021 ◽  
Vol 2099 (1) ◽  
pp. 012025
Author(s):  
N V Salomatina ◽  
I S Pimenov ◽  
E A Sidorova
Keyword(s):  
Popular Science ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
Russian Text ◽  
Training Set ◽  
Science Texts ◽  
Feature Sets ◽  
Russian Scientific ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract In this study we analyze the applicability of specific machine learning algorithms to the task of detecting sentences containing argumentation in Russian text. We employ a collection of scientific and popular science texts with manually annotated argumentation to evaluate the quality of identifying argumentative sentences in terms of precision, recall, and F-measure. The experiment involves three algorithms: MNB, SVM, and MLP. The bag of words model is used for representing texts. Lemmas of words in analyzed sentences serve as features for the classification. We perform the automatic selection of informative features in accordance with Variance and χ2 criteria combined with the weight-based filtration of lemmas (via TF*IDF and EMI). The training set includes around 800 sentences, while the test set contains 180. The MNB algorithm demonstrates the highest F-measure and recall scores on almost all feature sets (maximal values reached equal 68.7% and 89% respectively), while the MLP algorithm shows the best precision for about half of feature selection variations (the maximal value is 72.5%).

PENGEMBANGAN BAHAN AJAR IPA SMP PADA TEMA ENERGI DALAM TUBUH MENGGUNAKAN METODE 4STMD

EDUSAINS ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 166-175
Author(s):  
Gia Juniar Nur Wahidah ◽  
Sjaeful Anwar
Keyword(s):  
Concept Maps ◽  
The Body ◽  
Instructional Materials ◽  
Teaching Material ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Teaching Materials ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Material Development ◽  
Selection Step ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract This research aims to produce science teaching materials in junior level with Energy in The Body as the theme using Four Steps Teaching Material Development  (4STMD). The material is presented in an integrated way so that students can  think holistically and contextually. The method used in this study is Research and Development. In this R&D methods is used 4STMD. There are four steps done on the development of teaching materials, the selection step, structuring step, characterization, and didactic reduction. Selection step includes the selection of indicators in accordance with the demands of the curriculum which is then developed with the selection of concepts and values that are integrated with the concept of science. Structuring step includes make macro structures, concept maps, and multiple representations. Characterization's step includes preparation instruments, then  trial to students to identify difficult concepts. The last, didactic reduction was done by neglect and the annotations in the form of sketches.The test results readability aspect instructional materials lead to the conclusion that by determining the main idea, the legibility of teaching materials reached 67%, with moderate readability criteria. Test results of feasibility aspects based on the results of questionnaires to the 11 teachers lead to the conclusion that the overall, level of eligibility teaching materials reached 91% with the eligibility criteria well. Keywords: teaching materials; energy; 4STMD Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan bahan ajar IPA SMP pada tema Energi dalam Tubuh menggunakan metode Four Steps Teaching Material Development (4STMD). Materi disajikan secara terpadu sehingga memacu siswa untuk berpikir secara holistik dan kontekstual. Metode penelitian yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah metode penelitian dan pengembangan. Dalam penelitian dan pengembangan yang ini, digunakan metode Four Steps Teaching Material Development (4STMD). Terdapat empat tahap yang dilakukan pada pengembangan bahan ajar, yakni tahap seleksi, strukturisasi, karakterisasi, dan reduksi didaktik. Tahap seleksi meliputi pemilihan indikator yang sesuai dengan tuntutan kurikulum yang kemudian dikembangkan dengan pemilihan konsep dan nilai yang diintegrasikan dengan konsep IPA. Tahap strukturisasi meliputi pembuatan struktur makro, peta konsep, dan multipel representasi dari materi. Tahap karakterisasi meliputi penyusunan instrumen karakterisasi, kemudian uji coba kepada siswa untuk mengidentifikasi konsep sulit. Tahap terakhir, yaitu reduksi didaktik konsep terhadap konsep sulit. Reduksi didaktik yang dilakukan berupa pengabaian dan penggunaan penjelasan berupa sketsa. Hasil uji aspek keterbacaan bahan ajar menghasilkan kesimpulan bahwa berdasarkan penentuan ide pokok, keterbacaan bahan ajar mencapai 67%, dengan kriteria keterbacaan tinggi. Hasil uji aspek kelayakan berdasarkan hasil angket terhadap 11 orang guru menghasilkan kesimpulan bahwa secara keseluruhan tingkat kelayakan bahan ajar mencapai 91% dengan kriteria kelayakan baik sekali. Kata Kunci: bahan ajar; energi; 4STMD  Permalink/DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/es.v8i2.2039  

The Research Project «Names of Modern Professions» in Extracurricular Work with 6-th Grade Russian Students

2020 ◽  
Vol 81 (6) ◽  
pp. 23-31
Author(s):  
M. I. Vasileva
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Analysis ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Research Process ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Research Project ◽  
Educational Activities ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
The Russian Language ◽  
Selection Of

The aim of the study was to investigate approaches to the formation of general educational skills. A survey examining the design and research process was carried out by 6th-grade Russian students over the course of an extracurricular project entitled «Names of Modern Professions». In the paper, the selection of the «Lexicology» section for such activities carried out by school pupils is substantiated and stages of work on the project are described. The applied methodology involves theoretical analysis of scientific literature, formative experimentation, analysis of products of educational activities, observation and description. It is concluded that the design of extracurricular research activities in the Russian language contributes to the formation of general educational competencies in conducting surveys and searching for information on the basis of subject skills.

scholarly journals The dynamic of body and brain co-evolution

2021 ◽  
pp. 105971232199468
Author(s):  
Paolo Pagliuca ◽  
Stefano Nolfi
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Traits ◽  
The Body ◽  
Morphological Variations ◽  
And Control ◽  
Selection Of

We introduce a method that permits to co-evolve the body and the control properties of robots. It can be used to adapt the morphological traits of robots with a hand-designed morphological bauplan or to evolve the morphological bauplan as well. Our results indicate that robots with co-adapted body and control traits outperform robots with fixed hand-designed morphologies. Interestingly, the advantage is not due to the selection of better morphologies but rather to the mutual scaffolding process that results from the possibility to co-adapt the morphological traits to the control traits and vice versa. Our results also demonstrate that morphological variations do not necessarily have destructive effects on robots’ skills.

scholarly journals Substrate Selection of Ascidian Larva: Wettability and Nano-Structures

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 634
Author(s):  
Euichi Hirose ◽  
Noburu Sensui
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Substrate Selection ◽  
Artificial Structures ◽  
Substrate Preferences ◽  
Nano Structures ◽  
Hydrophobic Materials ◽  
Faunal Communities ◽  
Adhesive Organs ◽  
Fouling Organisms ◽  
Selection Of

Ascidians are marine sessile chordates that comprise one of the major benthic animal groups in marine ecosystems. They sometimes cause biofouling problems on artificial structures underwater, and non-indigenous, invasive ascidian species can potentially and seriously alter native faunal communities. Ascidian larvae are usually tadpole-shaped, negatively phototactic, and adhere on substrates by secreting a glue from their adhesive organs. Although larvae often prefer hydrophobic surfaces, such as a silicone rubber, for settlement, hydrophobic materials are often used to reduce occurrence of fouling organisms on artificial structures. This inconsistency may indicate that an attractive surface for larvae is not always suitable for settlement. Micro-scale structures or roughness may enhance the settlement of ascidian larvae, but settlement is significantly reduced by a nano-scale nipple array (or moth-eye structure), suggesting functional properties of similar structures found on the body surfaces of various invertebrates. The substrate preferences of larvae should be one of the important bases in considering measures against biofouling, and this review also discusses the potential uses of materials to safely reduce the impacts of invasive species.

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