scholarly journals The preposition of Comparasion vrode in various types of discourse in the modern Russian language: history, morphological status, functioning

2021 ◽  
pp. 246-255
Author(s):  
Maria N. Krylova
Keyword(s):  
Native Speaker ◽  
Popular Science ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Language History ◽  
Linguistic Unit ◽  
Representative Selection ◽  
Linguistic Units ◽  
The Given ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Modern Russian

The study raises the issue of the preposition of comparasion vrode functioning in various types of discourse in the modern Russian language. The goal was to identify various ways of introducing a unit into a text, both separately and in combination with other linguistic units, and expanding the possibilities of its use in different discourses. The research was carried out on a representative selection of language material with the employment of the resources of the Russian National Corpus. The preposition vrode, actively used by a native speaker, who with its help makes the comparison more convincing, creates an atmosphere of intimate conversation. The comparative preposition vrode is used in various discourses: colloquial discourse, media discourse, fiction discourse, popular science discourse, etc. The colloquial coloring of the preposition determines its wide use in the fictional discourse, if the author needs to depict the direct communication of the characters or convey his attitude to the described subject, character. Also considered are language units derived from a preposition vrode – phraseological combinations nechto vrode, chto-to vrode, kto-to vrode, comparative conjunctions vrode kak and vrode togo kak. It is noted that the semantics of constructions with the preposition vrode in Russian is influenced by the modal particle homonymous to it, but the comparative meaning of the given linguistic unit in most cases prevails over the modal one and combined with it. The author concludes that the preposition vrode is important in the system of operators, which express comparative semantics in various types of discourse of the modern Russian language.

scholarly journals Verbalization of basic emotions on the material of the national corpus of the russian language: comparative analysis of the verbalization of emotions fear and horror

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 13-22
Author(s):  
Elena Nikolaevna Goots ◽  
Elena Dmitrievna Ivanova
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Native Speaker ◽  
Extensive Study ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
Basic Emotions ◽  
The Russian Language ◽  
National Corpus ◽  
Modern Russian

Modern linguistics is characterized by anthropocentrism, in the center of its research attention are questions about a person based on his integrity and exclusivity. This article is devoted to the study of the verbalization of such basic emotions as fear and horror. The subject of the research is the features of the basic emotions of fear and horror in the modern Russian language. The work was carried out on the basis of the material of the National Corpus of the Russian Language. The purpose of the work is to identify and define the features of the verbalization of emotions fear and horror in the modern Russian language. The relevance of the study is due to the inevitable dependence of every sphere of a person's life on his emotional state. Despite the extensive study of emotions by psychology, psycholinguistics, linguistics, a number of questions remain in this problem. The materials of the Russian National Corpus provide great opportunities for studying the verbalization of the emotions of a native speaker of the Russian language in various genres and styles, which allows reaching a new level of research. The peculiarity of the study of emotions is found in the variety of linguistic means of their expression, which include the appropriate vocabulary, phraseological constructions and a certain compatibility. The novelty of the research lies in the fact that the comparative analysis of the verbalization of the basic emotions of fear and horror is carried out on the basis of the material of the National Corpus of the Russian language. In the course of the work, the following methods were used: descriptive, involving the analysis of both theoretical and empirical material, generalization and interpretation of the results obtained; component analysis; introspection method; comparative and comparative and statistical methods. The practical significance of the study is due to the fact that its materials and conclusions can be used in university courses in lexicology, lexicography, psycholinguistics.

The Results of the Regional and Final Stages of the All-Russian Olympiad of Schoolchildren in the Russian Language in 2019

2020 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-35
Author(s):  
A. V. Grigoriev ◽  
I. N. Dobrotina ◽  
I. V. Osipova
Keyword(s):  
Literacy Skills ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Literary Language ◽  
Ability To Work ◽  
Russian Literary ◽  
Test Materials ◽  
The Russian Language ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Modern Russian

The article describes main directions in the selection of test materials for the All-Russian Olympiad (hereinafter Olympiad) for schoolchildren in the Russian language, as well as forms of their presentation. An analysis of some tests in the regional and final stages of the Olympiad was carried out. It is shown that the process of selecting test materials for the Olympiad is influenced by such problems of teaching the Russian language at school as formation of normative literacy skills, ability to work with various types of linguistic dictionaries and reference books, ability to evaluate the processes occurring in the modern Russian literary language.

scholarly journals PAIN: the Word, the Image and the Concept in the Dostoevsky’s Thought and Speech Space

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 436-453
Author(s):  
Alexey V. Varzin
Keyword(s):  
Native Speaker ◽  
General Structure ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Language And Culture ◽  
Continuous Sampling ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Linguistic Methods ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Selection Of

The article is devoted to the study of the linguistic expression of the phenomenon of pain in the texts of F.M. Dostoevsky. The material of the analysis is the texts of works of fiction, journalism and letters of the Great Russian writer. The study of Dostoevskys texts is preceded by an analysis of entries in explanatory and specialized dictionaries and encyclopedias, including articles in the Dictionary of Dostoevskys Language. The relevance of the study is determined by the approaching bicentennial of F.M. Dostoevsky, in whose works the phenomenon of pain has become one of the important subjects of the image. The specificity of this work lies in the reliance on linguistic methods of studying the phenomenon of pain while maintaining the interdisciplinary focus of the research as a whole. Various associative connections of the word pain and its derivatives in the contexts of the writers works of different genres are being studied. At the initial stage, the selection of material is carried out by the method of continuous sampling using the DiaWin software system of the Department of Experimental Lexicography of the V.V. Vinogradov Russian Language Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The material thus obtained, is subjected to a multilevel analysis, in course of which the specificity of the conceptualization of pain in language and culture is revealed and the features of the depiction and interpretation of the phenomenon of pain in the discourse of Dostoevsky and his characters are revealed. Conclusions are formulated about the stable associative connections of the lexeme pain, the specificity of the linguistic depiction of various states of pain in the writers texts is revealed, the original interpretations of the concept of pain in the discourses of heroes-ideologists are analyzed. As a result, the analyzed phenomenon appears in multidimensional illumination. The general structure of the frame is established. The relationship between external symptoms and internal sensations of physical and mental pain is revealed. It is postulated that the explication of the concept of pain by a native speaker is fraught with significant difficulties, since pain is introspective and subjectively experienced. This special state is experienced and lived on. The contextual combinations of meanings of the word pain in Dostoevskys texts are highlighted. The specificity of the figurative representation of pain situations in the writers works is revealed. The increments of meaning characteristic of Dostoevskys contexts are analyzed. As a result, pain is interpreted as a complex phenomenon of language and culture and an important concept in the discourse of F.M. Dostoevsky.

scholarly journals Research platform for the study of argumentation in popular science discourse

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 489-502
Author(s):  
E.A. Sidorova ◽  
◽  
I.R. Akhmadeeva ◽  
Yu.A. Zagorulko ◽  
A.S. Sery ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Popular Science ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
The Body ◽  
Science Texts ◽  
Science Discourse ◽  
Text Corpora ◽  
Research Platform ◽  
Analytical Tools ◽  
Web Platform ◽  
Selection Of

The paper discusses a software system designed to support the study of argumentation in Russian-language popular science texts. This system is based on an ontology built on modern principles of argumentation modeling. In particular, this ontology contains formal descriptions of typical reasoning schemes that are used for annotating texts, analyzing the arguments presented in them, and assessment of its persuasiveness relative to a given audience. A method of argumentative marking of a text is proposed, which provides the allocation of statements and the construction on their basis of an argumentation graph using knowledge about typical reasoning schemes. The paper also describes a set of web tools that provide the creation of thematic corpora, visualization of the argumentation ontology used, the construction of the argumentation graph, the selection of argumentation indicators in the texts, as well as the search for various entities in the text corpora in ontology terms. Analytical tools are presented by means of collecting statistical information on the occurrence of typical elements of argumentation in the body of texts, by means of researching indicators of argumentation and by means of analyzing the persuasiveness of argumentation. The novelty of the work consists in the development of an original methodology for studying argumentation in popular science discourse, based on the ontology of argumentation and supported by a specialized web platform.

scholarly journals Lexical and Grammatical Environment and Its Influence on the Noun Case Form in Russian Language

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-151
Author(s):  
I. E. Kim
Keyword(s):  
Native Speaker ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Linguistic Expression ◽  
Choice Problem ◽  
Modern Russian

This article is devoted to a new phenomenon in modern Russian language. Earlier, a native speaker of Russian chose a noun case form depending on the “requirements” of the grammatically dominant word. Nowadays, more and more often, a native speaker chooses a noun case taking into account the influence of several words included in its lexical and grammatical environment. The article discusses in detail all the potential elements of the lexical and grammatical environment of a noun that can influence on the choice of its case form, and provides facts of their consolidated or contradictory influence, which creates a choice problem. The lexical and grammatical environment of a noun potentially includes a controlling word, homogeneous terms of a sentence and generalizing word for them, a preposition that can be combined with several case forms, an adjective, participle or number dependent on the noun, as well as other nouns nearby. Each of the elements of the environment influences the choice of case in its own way, so the speaker often chooses a case form incorrectly. The phenomenon illustrates the antinomy of language: 1) being singled out as part of a syntagm, a linguistic expression seeks to expand its existence at the expense of other linguistic expressions; 2) being singled out as part of a syntagm, a linguistic expression is subjected to pressure from neighboring linguistic expressions.

scholarly journals Lexicographic portrait of the noun “age”

2021 ◽  
pp. 17-28
Author(s):  
Yumi Chun'
Keyword(s):  
Word Formation ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Historical Change ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Linguistic Unit ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Russian Language ◽  
National Corpus ◽  
Modern Russian

Lexicography actively studies the integral description of words in order to understand not only the historical change in definition of the work, but also the functionality of certain words. This article describes the lexicographic portrait of the noun “age”, as well as examines the use of co-occurrence denoting the age of a person in the modern Russian language. Working with different types of dictionaries (historical, explanatory, word-forming, associative, and synonym), the author analyzes the changes in the semantics, development of word-formation and co-occurrence capacity of the linguistic unit based on the integral description. The noun “age” has numerous co-occurrence as it has appeared in the Russian language long ago, which also entailed changes in its definition. This author examines co-occurrence of the noun “age” used in dictionaries, as well as conducts their classification by biological, social, psychological, and mixed characteristics. Leaning on the Russian National Corpus, the article examines the use of the noun “age” in the modern Russian language, and its classification by the aforementioned characteristics. The conclusion is made on the frequency of the use of these characteristics.

scholarly journals Russian Paremias and the Mechanisms of Human Thinking (The Expression of Generalized Value)

2020 ◽  
pp. 109-119
Author(s):  
Natalia Potapova ◽  
Daria Shchukina
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Professional Competence ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Native Speaker ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Logical Thinking ◽  
Individual Knowledge ◽  
Human Thinking ◽  
Level Of Thinking ◽  
Modern Russian

In the article proverbs and sayings reflecting the scope of human knowledge about the surrounding world are characterized as the material that allows to investigate cogitative processes of the native speaker. The structural and substantial features of paremias are considered, which makes it possible to use proverbs and sayings as a diagnostic tool in studying the thesaurus, peculiarities of person's psyche; in identification and investigation of disorders in operational side of thinking in psychology, pathopsychology and pedagogy. Russian paremias recorded in the National corpus of the Russian language, which were used in psychological tests to study the level of thinking, were analyzed. The results of the questionnaire survey of students of technical and humanitarian specialization, which reflect the thesaurus, the level of judgment, the development of logical thinking and intelligence, cultural values, individual knowledge and preferences of native speakers of modern Russian language are described. It is concluded that, on the basis of recipients' comprehension of generalized meaning of Russian paremias, which reflects the ability to perceive and highlight generalized conclusions about the typical life situation, it is possible to investigate the specificity of thinking of native speakers, caused by mental peculiarities, selectivity of memory mechanisms, the level of logical thinking and intelligence, and also the degree of formation of linguistic, cultural and professional competence of a modern Russian language native speaker.

scholarly journals Secondary Somatic Nominations in Media Texts Covering Economy, Business and Politics Spheres

2022 ◽  
pp. 153-166
Author(s):  
Viktoriya Zhura ◽  
Yuliya Rudova ◽  
Yelena Semenova
Keyword(s):  
Language Game ◽  
Semantic Content ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Evolution Of Language ◽  
Business And Politics ◽  
Linguistic Unit ◽  
Primary Meaning ◽  
Media Texts ◽  
Linguistic Units ◽  
The Russian Language

The article set out to reveal the specific features of secondary somatic nominations in media texts in the spheres of economy, business, and politics. The significance of the problem under study is implied by a need for elucidating the evolution of language consciousness by shedding light on how corporeal lexis in the Russian language is involved in verbalization of reality in the spheres in question. The study demonstrated that secondary somatic nominations evolve due to transformation of the meaning of a linguistic unit, whose primary meaning is associated with various aspects of the human body existence. This transformation of the meaning seems to be a common way of denotating reality in the texts under investigation. We specified the sources of somatic expansion, whose semantic content is most frequently redefined in the thematic fields in question. We also identified the denotation areas (conceptual fields) where corporeal lexis is used in their secondary meanings. Our research demonstrated considerable pragmatic potential of the texts including somatic linguistic units. We established that their evaluative content results from axiological connotations associated with various corporeal concepts in the Russian linguoculture. Their expressiveness is achieved due to imagery created by unusual contextualization of somatic linguistic units. The results of the current study made it possible to establish the ways of transforming the meanings of somatic linguistic units in the investigated spheres in the Russian language. Transformation of the meanings of somatic lexis occurs by using metaphors, metonymy, similes, irony, epithets, oxymoron, gradation, language game, etc.

scholarly journals Semantic Characteristic of Nouns Formed with the Suffix -ost’ in the Modern Russian Literary Language

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 101-108
Author(s):  
Zhang Shuchun
Keyword(s):  
Word Formation ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Regular Word ◽  
Semantic Features ◽  
State University ◽  
Semantic Classes ◽  
Russian Literary ◽  
Formation Type ◽  
The Given ◽  
Modern Russian

The article aims to demonstrate the semantic diversity of the nouns formed with the suffix -ost, which have been considered as one of the most regular word-formation types in the modern Russian language. In order to give a semantic portray of the given word-formation type we have analysed all the nouns with the given suffix, included in the Shvedova Dictionary and the Russian Newspapers of the End of XX Century Corpus, developed by Laboratory for General and Computational Lexicology and Lexicography, Lomonosov Moscow State University. The analysis shows that nouns formed with the given suffix, while consisting a large percentage of deadjectival nominalisations in the modern Russian language, show rather diverse semantic features. The main subtypes of meanings, which consist the semantic paradigm of the given word-formation type, are transpositional (construction of nouns that name a quality), parametric (nouns that can be used as a parameter for measuring) and subject meaning (nouns that refer to a concrete subject in the extralinguistic reality). In addition, the last subtype subject meaning is also consistent of nearly 20 semantic classes, including substance, a person, a place, a type of documents, an event, a phenomenon and so on. The analysis of the corpus data shows that a large proportion of the most frequently used words in newspaper texts are the words that have rather concrete meanings. Hence their definitions in dictionaries are ought to be updated in accordance with their usages in the corpus. The results could be applied in the future study of deadjectival nominalisation in the modern Russian language

ФОНЕТИЧЕСКИЕ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКИ ГЛАСНЫХ И ИХ ПОЗИЦИОННЫХ ИЗМЕНЕНИЙ В РУССКОМ И КЫРГЫЗСКОМ ЯЗЫКАХ

2020 ◽  
pp. 30-33
Author(s):  
Рапия Сыдыкова
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Functional Characteristics ◽  
Stressed Syllable ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Given ◽  
The Russian Language ◽  
Modern Russian

Аннотация: В данной статье даются фонетические (акустические, артикуляционные, функциональные) характеристики гласных, описываются их позиционные изменения в потоке речи. Дана подробная характеристика таких фонетических процессов, как качественная и количественная редукция в современном русском языке, и закон сингармонизма в современном кыргызском языке. На научно-теоретической плоскости рассматриваются различные точки зрения ведущих ученых-языковедов в исследовании вокализма русского и кыргызского языков. В частности, рассматриваются научные воззрения Аванесова Р.И., Щербы Л.В., Виноградова В.В., Ахматова Т.К., Исабекова М.И. и др. Подчеркивается, что при описании системы гласных необходимо учитывать следующие позиции:1) позиции по отношению к ударному слогу, 2) позиции после определенных согласных. Также в статье описаны произносительные трудности в усвоении русского безударного вокализма в различных позиционных условиях, а также даны некоторые методические рекомендации по совершенствованию произносительных навыков и умений при усвоении русского вокализма учащимися-кыргызами. Ключевые слова: вокализм, гласные, артикуляция, позиция, усвоение, звук, фонема, ударение, слог, редукция, реализация, сингармонизм. Аннотация: Бул макалада үндүү тыбыштардын фонетикалык (акустикалык, артикуляциялык, функционалдык) мүнөзү, алардын кеп акымындагы позициялык өзгөрүшү талдоого алынат. Азыркы орус тилиндеги сапаттык жан сандык редукция, кыргыз тилиндеги үндөштүк мыйзамы сыяктуу фонетикалык процесстерге толук мүнөздөмө берилет. Р.И.Аванесов, Л.В.Щерба, В.В.Виноградов, Т.К.Ахматов, М.И.Исабеков ж.б. сыяктуу орус жана кыргыз тилиндеги белгилүү тилчи-окумуштуулардын илимий-теориялык көз караштары белгиленет. Үндүүлөр системасын сыпаттоодо төмөнкү позицияларга көнүл бурулат: 1) басым түшкөн муунга карата позиция; 2) белгилүү үнсүздөрдөн кийинки позиция. Ошону менен бирге орус тилиндеги ар кандай позициялык шарттардагы басымсыз вокализмди өздөштүрүүдөгү кыйынчылыктар сыпатталып, орус тилин үйрөтүп жаткан кыргыз үйрөнүүчүлөрүнө орус тилиндеги вокализмди өздөштүрүүдө методикалык сунуштар берилет. Түйүндүү сөздөр: вокализм, үндүүлөр, артикуляция, позиция, өздөштүрүү, тыбыш, фонема, басым, муун, редукция, реализация, үндөшүү закону. Abstract: The given article deals with phonetic (acoustic, articulatory, functional) characteristics of vowels, their positional changes in speech flow. A detailed description of such phonetic processes as qualitative and quantitative reduction in modern Russian language and the law of synharmonism in modern Kyrgyz language are given. Different viewpoints of prominent researchers in the field of linguistics who deal with vocalism of the Russian and Kyrgyz languages are considered, in particular the scientific views of Avanesov R.I., Shcherba L.V., Vinigradov V.V., Ahmatov T.K., Ysabekov V.I. and others are considered. It is emphasized, that in the description of vowel system it is necessary to take into consideration the following positions: 1) position towards the stressed syllable; 2) position after definite consonants. Some pronunciation difficulties in mastering Russian unstressed vocalism in various positional conditions and also some methodical guidelines for improving pronunciation skills in the acquisition of the Russian language by Kyrgyz learners are described. Key words: vocalism, vowels, articulation, position, acquisition, sound, phoneme, stress, syllable, reduction, realization, synharmonism.

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