scholarly journals CONCERNING THE SPACE EXPERIMENT WITH SCIENTIFIC GEAR MRT ON SPACECRAFT ”FOTON-M” № 4

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (10) ◽  
pp. 140-152
Author(s):  
L.V. Kurganskaya
Keyword(s):  
External Surface ◽  
Space Vehicle ◽  
Short Description ◽  
Thermal Mode ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Scientific Equipment ◽  
Oscillatory Character ◽  
High Level ◽  
Multichannel Recorder ◽  
Solar Batteries

The short description of scientific equipment of МРТ (multichannel recorder of temperatures) is resulted and experimental results about current temperatures in local zones of containers of the scientific equipment, received in 42 daily flight of a space vehicle ”FOTON-M” № 4 are presented. It is shown, that the most essential factors defining a thermal mode in containers of scientific equipment, their position on the external surface of the spacecraft, focused almost during all flight by panels of solar batteries on the Sun and conditions on coils or, that’s the same, current deviation of a normal to a plane of orbit spacecraft from a direction on the Sun. Thus time numbers of data about values of temperatures have strongly pronounced oscillatory character with the orbital period of movement of spacecraft and with high level of correlation between them, and also dependence values of temperatures from the position of a plane of orbit of a spacecraft concerning the Sun.

scholarly journals Plasma Theory of Solar Radar Echoes after Thirty Years

2002 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 389
Author(s):  
Valentin Mel’nik
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Isotropic Turbulence ◽  
Radar Signal ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Langmuir Turbulence ◽  
Radar Echoes ◽  
Radar Scattering ◽  
Plasma Theory ◽  
High Level

In 1967 Gordon made the revolutionary assumption that reflection of radar signal from the Sun can be explained by its scattering on microturbulence (Gordon 1973). In his first model it was ion-sound turbulence. Later he considered radar scattering on Langmuir turbulence. The principal opportunity to explain frequency displacements of radar echoes observed in James’ experiments (James 1966, 1970) was shown. However, it turned out (Gerasimova 1979) that the mechanism needed an impermissible high level of isotropic turbulence for the reflection with cross-sectionsσ= 10πR2ʘ.

scholarly journals Skin Cancer Risk-Lowering Behaviors and Skincare Habits of Youth Ages 18-25 Years

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Rainous ◽  
Eli J. Herrmann ◽  
Samuel P. Abraham
Keyword(s):  
Skin Cancer ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Risky Behaviors ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cancer Risk Factors ◽  
Skin Cancer Risk ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
High Level ◽  
Study Participants

Young adults are known for feeling invincible and thus engaging in risky behaviors. One such risky behavior is not protecting themselves from the sun, which can cause skin cancer. The purpose of this study was to determine the skin cancer risk-lowering behaviors and skincare habits among youth ages 18 to 25 years. The findings indicated that a high level of knowledge does not equal regular use of risk-lowering behaviors. This study was quantitative, cross-sectional, and non-experimental. The survey, consisting of 20 Likert-type scale statements, was given in a college consisting of about 2000 students of which 120 college undergraduates participated. Orem’s self-care theory was used as a guide for the study. Participants tended to agree that the use of sunscreen would help protect them from getting skin cancer (M=2.88, SD=0.57), and that sunlight causes skin cancer (M=2.80, SD=0.70). Despite having an adequate level of knowledge on skin cancer risk factors, individuals did not follow through with correct risk-lowering behaviors. For risk-lowering behaviors, more than half of the participants regularly used sunscreen when exposed to the sun (M=2.50, SD=0.90), and most never used tanning beds (M=1.20, SD=0.60).

Observations of the Spectrum of High-Intensity Solar Radiation at Metre Wavelengths. IV. Enhanced Radiation

1951 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 36 ◽  
Author(s):  
JP Wild
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Narrow Band ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Frequency Range ◽  
Radio Frequency Radiation ◽  
Variable Level ◽  
Background Continuum ◽  
High Level ◽  
Frequency Radiation

Observations are described of the spectrum of " enhanced radiation" from the Sun (i.e. the radio-frequency radiation which maintains a high but variable level for periods of hours' or days' duration) in the frequency range 70-130 Mc/s. This radiation is known to be received from the direction of sunspots and to show circular polarization. For the purpose of presenting results, two components are recognized, viz. a background continuum which varies gradually with time and frequency, and short-lived, narrow-band bursts (" storm bursts "). The behaviour of the two components, and the relation between them during periods of high level (" noise storms ") are described. A detailed analysis is given of the properties of recorded storm bursts. The distribution of recorded bursts with frequency was found to be markedly non- uniform, e.g. a pronounced minimum at 89 Mc/s. was present. The possibility that the background continuum is due to the resultant of a large number of bursts is discussed.

scholarly journals Sun Exposure in Pediatric Age: Perspective of Caregivers

Children ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 1019
Author(s):  
Mafalda Salvado ◽  
Ana Fraga ◽  
Diogo Luís Marques ◽  
Ivan Miguel Pires ◽  
Carmo Coelho Gonçalves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
Family Health ◽  
Sun Exposure ◽  
Sun Protection ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Protection Factor ◽  
Knowledge And Attitudes ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
Self Knowledge ◽  
High Level

Excessive sun exposure during childhood increases the risk of skin cancer. This study characterized the knowledge and attitudes of caregivers regarding exposure and sun protection of children and adolescents. One hundred and ninety-eight caregivers (38.5 ± 8.0 years) who resorted to the consultations of a Pediatrics Service or a Family Health Unit answered a questionnaire. The age of children/adolescents was 6.5 ± 5.1 years. On average, caregivers presented a high level of knowledge regarding exposure and sun protection. One hundred and twenty-six caregivers indicated that they obtained more information about sun protection on social communication, and 66% considered the information provided by healthcare professionals to be enough. One-hundred and fifteen caregivers reported that the child/adolescent was more exposed to the sun after 4 a.m., and 88% reported applying sunscreen on the beach/pool and outdoor activities. Fifty-seven percent of caregivers renewed sunscreen application on the child/adolescent every 2 h, and 94% applied a sun protection factor ≥ 50 in the child/adolescent. There was a significant association (p < 0.001) between education level and caregivers’ self-knowledge about sun protection (the higher the education, the higher the knowledge), and between the knowledge of the hour of sun exposure avoidance and the time when the child/adolescent was more exposed to the sun. This study shows that caregivers are highly knowledgeable about exposure and sun protection in children/adolescents, and their attitudes follow the general recommendations.

The Calculation Method for Light Climate Parameters Based on Sun-Lighting Efficiency and the Comparative Analysis of Light Climate in Hanoi and Moscow

2019 ◽  
pp. 67-71
Author(s):  
Aleksei K. Solovyov ◽  
Thi Hanh Phuong Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Water Vapour ◽  
Calculation Method ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Light Climate ◽  
High Altitudes ◽  
Distribution Uniformity ◽  
High Level ◽  
Scattered Component

The main source of daylight is the Sun. The EarthТs atmosphere scatters its light due to the air, water vapour, ice particles (at high altitudes), dust, various gases, and other contaminants that appear in the air as a result of human activities. This forms a daylight diffuse (scattered) component, which is a data basis for calculation of daylight in buildings. This basis has its own features for a given region. This article shows a calculation of sun-lighting efficiency in Vietnam. We obtained a variation of horizontal daylight illuminance in Hanoi (21.03∞N). Comparing it with the variation of horizontal daylight illuminance in Moscow (55.70∞N), we can see a high level and a distribution uniformity of outdoor illuminance in Vietnam. The maximum levels of diffuse illuminance and total illuminance in Hanoi are 45.2 and 58.52 klx; the maximum levels of diffuse illuminance and total illuminance in Moscow are 28.3 and 53.1 klx. Besides, illuminance levels in winter months are much higher for Hanoi than for Moscow. This can be explained by different latitudes of these cities and by the Sun motion.

Thermal Design and Dynamic Analysis of Metallic Thermal Protection System

2014 ◽  
Vol 912-914 ◽  
pp. 427-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Yong Chen ◽  
Hai Bo Chen
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Protection ◽  
Thermal Contact ◽  
Space Vehicle ◽  
Fem Analysis ◽  
Optimization Method ◽  
Thermal Protection System ◽  
Thermal Design ◽  
Protection System ◽  
Thermal Mode ◽  
Conduction Model

Metallic thermal protection system (MTPS) is a key component in space vehicle design. By introducing thermal contact resistance (TCR) on the interface between different layers of MTPS, an one dimensional (1D) thermal conduction model for MTPS with multiple functions is established for thermal design. An optimization method is proposed to determine the thermal parameter by comparing the results of 1D finite differential simulation with the test ones. The thermal mode is analyzed by three dimensional FEM analysis and the results show that the mechanical characteristics of MTPS appear to be asymmetric which provides a new consideration to insulate the fluctuating load.

scholarly journals Potential daylight resources between tropical and temperate cities – a case study of Ho Chi Minh City and Moscow

2018 ◽  
Vol 193 ◽  
pp. 04013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nguyen Phuong Khanh Thi ◽  
Aleksei Solovyov
Keyword(s):  
Ho Chi Minh City ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Light Climate ◽  
Climate Data ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
Luminous Efficacy ◽  
Latitudinal Difference ◽  
Modern Level ◽  
High Level

Horizontal illuminance is an important indicator, which shows the resources of the light climate of each region. Meticulous consideration of the light-climate data allows us to develop graphs of diffuse and global illuminance (ED and EG) and go to the territorial norms of daylight spaces at the modern level. Measurements of horizontal illuminance in Vietnam are not available; therefore, the calculation of the determination horizontal illuminance from solar radiation by light equivalents using the values of the luminous efficacy is widely used now. The paper contains calculation of the luminous efficacy for Vietnam, the results are graphs of horizontal illuminance for Ho Chi Minh. Comparative analysis with horizontal natural illuminance of Moscow shows a high level and uniform distribution of outdoor illuminance in the tropical sky in Vietnam. The maximum values of ED and EG for Ho Chi Minh City are 42.01 Klux and 87.17 Klux; for Moscow these values are equal to 28.3 Klux and 53.1 Klux, respectively. In addition, the levels of illuminance in the winter months in Ho Chi Minh are much higher than in Moscow, which is explained by the latitudinal difference in the location of these cities and the corresponding movement of the Sun.

scholarly journals Introduction

1968 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 526-526 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Goldberg ◽  
Z. Švestka
Keyword(s):  
Solar Activity ◽  
International Cooperation ◽  
Solar Maximum ◽  
Space Vehicle ◽  
Substantial Improvement ◽  
Space Vehicles ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Solar Observations ◽  
Scientific Results ◽  
Preparatory Work

The newly established Inter-Union Commission on Solar-Terrestrial Physics (IUCSTP) has inquired of selected experts about actions useful in the period of the next solar maximum, which need an organization and coordination on international basis. These inquiries have shown that one of the problems, in which a broad international cooperation might lead to substantial improvement of scientific results, is the coordination of ground-base and space-vehicle observations of the Sun and its active phenomena.Therefore, in order to help the IUCSTP in its preparatory work, the chairmen of IAU Commissions 10 (Solar Activity) and 44 (Observations from outside the Atmosphere) agreed to hold a joint meeting of these two Commissions during the IAU Assembly in Prague, on ‘Coordination of solar observations made at ground-base Observatories and with space vehicles’. It was anticipated that other IAU members interested in this problem, particularly members of Commissions 12 and 40, would also take part in the discussion.

scholarly journals High-resolution spectroscopy of flares and CMEs on AD Leonis

2020 ◽  
Vol 637 ◽  
pp. A13 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Muheki ◽  
E. W. Guenther ◽  
T. Mutabazi ◽  
E. Jurua
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Spectral Lines ◽  
High Resolution Spectroscopy ◽  
Flare Activity ◽  
The Sun ◽  
M Dwarfs ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
M Stars ◽  
High Level ◽  
M Dwarf

Context. Flares and coronal mass ejections (CMEs) are important for the evolution of the atmospheres of planets and their potential habitability, particularly for planets orbiting M stars at a distance <0.4 AU. Detections of CMEs on these stars have been sparse, and previous studies have therefore modelled their occurrence frequency by scaling up solar relations. However, because the topology and strength of the magnetic fields on M stars is different from that of the Sun, it is not obvious that this approach works well. Aims. We used a large number of high-resolution spectra to study flares, CMEs, and their dynamics of the active M dwarf star AD Leo. The results can then be used as reference for other M dwarfs. Methods. We obtained more than 2000 high-resolution spectra (R ~ 35 000) of the highly active M dwarf AD Leo, which is viewed nearly pole on. Using these data, we studied the behaviour of the spectral lines Hα, Hβ, and He I 5876 in detail and investigated asymmetric features that might be Doppler signatures of CMEs. Results. We detected numerous flares. The largest flare emitted 8.32 × 1031 erg in Hβ and 2.12 × 1032 erg in Hα. Although the spectral lines in this and other events showed a significant blue asymmetry, the velocities associated with it are far below the escape velocity. Conclusions. Although AD Leo shows a high level of flare activity, the number of CMEs is relatively low. It is thus not appropriate to use the same flare-to-CME relation for M dwarfs as for the Sun.

scholarly journals Monitoring and forecasting of great radiation hazards for spacecraft and aircrafts by online cosmic ray data

2005 ◽  
Vol 23 (9) ◽  
pp. 3019-3026 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. I. Dorman
Keyword(s):  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Radiation Hazard ◽  
Personal Health ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Positive Signal ◽  
Radiation Hazards ◽  
Monitoring And Forecasting ◽  
High Level ◽  
High Energy Particles

Abstract. We show that an exact forecast of great radiation hazard in space, in the magnetosphere, in the atmosphere and on the ground can be made by using high-energy particles (few GeV/nucleon and higher) whose transportation from the Sun is characterized by a much bigger diffusion coefficient than for small and middle energy particles. Therefore, high energy particles come from the Sun much earlier (8-20 min after acceleration and escaping into solar wind) than the main part of smaller energy particles (more than 30-60 min later), causing radiation hazard for electronics and personal health, as well as spacecraft and aircrafts. We describe here principles of an automatic set of programs that begin with "FEP-Search", used to determine the beginning of a large FEP event. After a positive signal from "FEP-Search", the following programs start working: "FEP-Research/Spectrum", and then "FEP-Research/Time of Ejection", "FEP-Research /Source" and "FEP-Research/Diffusion", which online determine properties of FEP generation and propagation. On the basis of the obtained information, the next set of programs immediately start to work: "FEP-Forecasting/Spacecrafts", "FEP-Forecasting/Aircrafts", "FEP-Forecasting/Ground", which determine the expected differential and integral fluxes and total fluency for spacecraft on different orbits, aircrafts on different airlines, and on the ground, depending on altitude and cutoff rigidity. If the level of radiation hazard is expected to be dangerous for high level technology or/and personal health, the following programs will be used "FEP-Alert/Spacecrafts", "FEP-Alert/ Aircrafts", "FEP-Alert/Ground".

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document