scholarly journals Christianity in China: Past, Present and Future

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wiktoria Karpińska
Keyword(s):  
Future Development ◽  
Catholic Church ◽  
Chinese Culture ◽  
Western Culture ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
Christianity In China ◽  
Christian Religion ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of ◽  
Religious Systems

Christianity reached China relatively late — the earliest confirmed information about the presence of Christianity in this area dates back to the 8th century AD. For centuries, Chinese culture has been shaped by other philosophical and religious systems, so Christianity has not always been understood and accepted in China. Nevertheless, it has survived and is gaining more and more followers. The article presents the history of the appearance of the Christian religion in China and the way Christianity has fared there over the centuries. It also shows the plight of the Catholic Church in the People’s Republic of China. The article shows what made Christianity survive and put down roots in China, how it found itself in Chinese culture, the number of its followers, and the role Christianity plays for them. The author also reflects on the future development of Christianity in a country where religions are understood differently than in Western culture.

scholarly journals Writing the history of knowledge in Brazil

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 859-869 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Burke
Keyword(s):  
Future Development ◽  
Colleges And Universities ◽  
Botanical Gardens ◽  
History Of Knowledge ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of

Abstract This article surveys recent contributions to the history of knowledge in Brazil, mainly concerned with the history of the sciences, and makes some suggestions about the future development of the field, focussing on the different spaces or sites of knowledge (colleges and universities, museums, archives, botanical gardens, observatories, newspapers, foundations and so on) that have proliferated in the last 200 years in particular.

Current Preservation and Development State of Traditional Changzhen (Old Towns)’ Landscape Features

2012 ◽  
Vol 209-211 ◽  
pp. 310-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan Yuan Jia ◽  
Jian Yu
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Future Development ◽  
Living Fossil ◽  
Landscape Features ◽  
Ecological Changes ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of ◽  
The One ◽  
Development State ◽  
Political Economic

Old towns is like living fossil which has accumulated rich historical connotations; the one carrying the history of a region’ political, economic, cultural and ecological changes as well as the formative art created by collective labors and wisdoms of generations. The preservation of ancient Chinese dwellings and old towns began late; many historical architectures and traditional country fairs are forcibly removed during the transformation of old cities and towns, thus ancient towns with their original historical looks are becoming less and less. In comparison, the preservation and development of old western towns started earlier than china, with rich experience, they offer good examples for china, especially the successful developing way: eco-tourism. By comparing the preservation and development of traditional Chinese towns’ landscape features to that of western ones, this paper points out that the future development of old towns rely on proper handling of the relation between preserving and the feasibility of renewing, so as to maintain the landscape features of old towns in the course of sustainable development.

The Civic Apartment for the Aged in the Background of Chinese Population Ageing

2011 ◽  
Vol 250-253 ◽  
pp. 4005-4009
Author(s):  
Qian Fei Shi
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Future Development ◽  
Chinese Population ◽  
Population Aging ◽  
Population Ageing ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of ◽  
Welfare History ◽  
Aging Stage ◽  
Elderly Living

At the end of 20th century, our country has already entered population aging stage. Along with the aggravation of the population ageing, the change of people’s viewpoint, it makes residential elderly-living mode turned into social elderly-living mode and the apartment for aged also springs up gradually. The paper introduce the development of the foreign representative apartment for the aged and the welfare history of policies and present conditions, analysis the problems of our country’s apartment for the aged and the future development directions of it.

A Brief History of the Sociology of Parishes in the United States

2019 ◽  
pp. 25-46
Author(s):  
Tricia C. Bruce
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Catholic Church ◽  
The United States ◽  
Sociological Research ◽  
Sociological Literature ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of ◽  
Good For ◽  
Sociological Studies ◽  
The Church

Exploring sociological literature across almost three-quarters of a century, this chapter maps the origins and trajectory of sociologists’ exploration of the parish from the 1950s to today. From its contentious start to its largely applied orientation today, the chapter highlights several eras of parish research and argues that our current lack of sociological research on Catholic parishes can be traced to the tenuous relationship between the academy and the institutional Catholic Church. The chapter concludes by asserting that parish studies can be simultaneously good for the academy and good for the church. The future of sociological studies of the parish rest upon the willingness of both the academy and the church to accept this proposition.

Christian Biblical Tradition in the Jing Chinese Culture

2021 ◽  
pp. 494-510
Author(s):  
Yanrong Chen
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Culture ◽  
History Of Christianity ◽  
Religious Texts ◽  
Sacred Texts ◽  
Christianity In China ◽  
Protestant Churches ◽  
The Bible ◽  
Classical Studies ◽  
History Of ◽  
Christian Literature

Most studies of the Bible in China focus on Protestant churches starting in the nineteenth century, as a Chinese Catholic Bible was absent during the first two-hundred-year history of Christianity in China until an official edition was published in the twentieth century. In fact, despite the absence of a full translation, the Bible was rendered into a wide variety of genres corresponding to the native Chinese culture of sacred texts called jing in Chinese. This essay provides a broadened view of the Bible reception in China by presenting a range of Chinese Christian sacred texts from the late sixteenth through the eighteenth centuries. These texts conveyed biblical words and messages to Chinese audiences of the time, and they creatively integrated genres from the European Church’s convention of Christian literature and the Chinese literary courses of classical studies and religious texts. This overview demonstrates major examples and organizes them according to their compositions. The diverse types form a spectrum of Chinese Christian sacred texts, in which most individual Chinese Christian works studied in this volume can find a proper place to fit.

Makna “Janganlah Kamu Melakukan Telaah Atau Ramalan” Menurut Imamat 19:26b dan Pengaruhnya Terhadap Shio Pada Budaya Tionghoa

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-122
Author(s):  
Suryowati Wang
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Culture ◽  
Chinese Christianity ◽  
The World ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of

Chinese Christianity faces a problem when the congregation begins to doubt the future and wants everything to be fast and instant without wanting to go through a process that feels long. This fact led Christians to turn to Shio's predictions which were nothing more than occult. This study of prediction based on Shio will try to prove that no one in the world can predict what can happen, because God himself plans and regulates everything. True Christianity relies its life on God, its fate is determined by faith and not divination. The history of Shio use in Chinese culture cannot be separated from the origin of its use as a means of making it easier to mark the year and season on the Chinese Luni-Solar calendar. This history and theology is needed for Chinese Christianity to be compatible with the gospel. Kekristenan umat Tionghoa menghadapi masalah ketika jemaat mulai ragu akan masa depan dan menginginkan segala sesuatu serba cepat dan instan tanpa ingin melewati proses yang dirasa lama. Kenyataan ini membawa orang-orang Kristen berpaling pada ramalan Shio yang tidak lebih dari okultisme. Penelitian akan ramalan berdasarkan Shio ini akan berusaha membuktikan bahwa tidak ada seorangpun di dunia ini yang dapat meramal apa yang dapat terjadi, karena Allah sendiri yang merencanakan dan mengatur segala sesuatu. Kristen sejati menyandarkan hidupnya kepada Allah, nasibnya ditentukan imannya dan bukan ramalan. Sejarah penggunaan Shio pada budaya Tionghoa tidak bisa terlepas dari asal mula pengunaannya sebagai sarana mempermudah menandai tahun dan musim pada kalender Luni-Solar bangsa China. Sejarah dan teologi ini yang diperlukan bagi Kekristenan Tionghoa agar berpadanan dengan Injil. 

Toward a philosophical history of psychology: An alternative path for the future

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saulo de Freitas Araujo
Keyword(s):  
Philosophy Of Science ◽  
History Of Science ◽  
Future Development ◽  
Alternative Model ◽  
History Of Psychology ◽  
Contemporary Debate ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of ◽  
Dominant Tendency

Recent transformations in the history of science and the philosophy of science have led historians of psychology to raise questions about the future development of their historiography. Although there is a dominant tendency among them to view their discipline as related to the social turn in the history of science, there is no consensus over how to approach the history of psychology methodologically. The aim of this article is to address the issue of the future of the historiography of psychology by proposing an alternative but complementary path for the field, which I call a philosophical history of psychology. In order to achieve this goal, I will first present and discuss the emergence of the social turn in the history of psychology, showing some of its problems. I will then introduce the contemporary debate about the integration of the history of science and the philosophy of science as an alternative model for the history of psychology. Finally, I will propose general guidelines for a philosophical history of psychology, discussing some of its possible advantages and limitations.

scholarly journals Valores compositivos fundamentales del jardín privado chino o la mirada urbana sobre el paisaje a lo largo de su historia hasta la Revolución de 1949

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea González
Keyword(s):  
Historical Development ◽  
Chinese Culture ◽  
Main Study ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
Landscape Values ◽  
Japanese Garden ◽  
Ming And Qing Dynasties ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
The Republic

La historia del jardín en la cultura china se remonta a la historia de las dinastías Shang y Zhou y continúa a lo largo de las dinastías Qin, Han, Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming y Qing hasta la llegada de la República China y la República Popular de China.Los valores artísticos y paisajísticos del jardín en esta cultura se desarrollaron de forma paralela a la historia de la nación y tuvieron una influencia directa sobre la arquitectura doméstica y sobre el jardín de naciones cercanas como Japón.Sus influencias se reflejaron en teorías como el Fengshui y las leyes geománticas y generaron a lo largo de los siglos valores compositivos propios del jardín chino.La conclusion de esta investigación consiste en una asimilación de lo estudiado y en detallar los aspectos compositivos y de diseño, tales como el centro, el límite, el element de la montaña, el vacío, el agua, o el teatro, entre otros. ABSTRACT :This essay starts with a brief description of the history of the garden in the East and introduces the reader into the Chinese culture starting with the Shang and Zhou Dynasties and continuing with the historical development through the Qin, Han, Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties and the arrival of the Republic of China and the People’s Republic of China.In this essay the artistic and landscape values of Chinese culture are described alongside the history of the garden and the influences on the Japanese garden they have had from ancient times until today. These are explained alongside the art of Fengshui, geomantic laws and the main elements that compose the Chinese garden.The conclusion entails a brief assimilation of what has been deduced from the main study. In this part of the essay the compositive and design aspects of the Chinese garden are described, aspects such as centre, limit, the element of the mountain, emptiness, water, and the theatre, among other.

scholarly journals A view on chemical and biochemical engineering: Where are they going?

2002 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 163-170
Author(s):  
Vlada Veljkovic
Keyword(s):  
Future Development ◽  
Chemical Engineering ◽  
Biological Engineering ◽  
Short History ◽  
Biochemical Engineering ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Future ◽  
Important Trend ◽  
History Of ◽  
Near Future

A short history of chemical and biochemical engineering is presented, both industrial and educational aspects being considered. The most important trend in the future development of bio/chemical engineering - biological engineering - is pointed out. The current state and near future of biotechnology are described.

Systematic Paleontology

2001 ◽  
Vol 75 (6) ◽  
pp. 1055-1057 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan M. Adrain
Keyword(s):  
Future Development ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
The State ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
General Overview ◽  
Systematic Paleontology ◽  
Review Articles ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Study

With this issue we mark publication of the 75th volume of the Journal of Paleontology, and celebrate the occasion with a series of review articles on the systematics of major groups of fossils. Instructions to authors were very broad: we suggested consideration of the history of study, current problems, and future directions, but otherwise left authors to focus their reviews as they saw fit. We hoped in this way, with a mix of traditions and approaches, to fashion a general overview of the systematics of fossil organisms as practiced today. With the enthusiastic efforts of the contributors, I think we've been successful. The papers in this issue comprise authoritative reviews of the state of the art in various branches of paleontology. But even if one is not concerned with the details of particular groups, the contributions provide a fascinating sense of where the discipline is, and where it might be going. Although concerned mainly with systematic history, they nevertheless provide a flavor of the kinds of concerns we have as a community for the future development of our science.

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