scholarly journals Sources and Clinical Applications of Mesenchymal Stem Cells: State-of-the-art review

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Berebichez-Fridman ◽  
Pablo R. Montero-Olvera
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Regenerative Medicine ◽  
Adult Stem Cells ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
The Body ◽  
Differentiation Potential ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages

First discovered by Friedenstein in 1976, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are adult stem cells found throughout the body that share a fixed set of characteristics. Discovered initially in the bone marrow, this cell source is considered the gold standard for clinical research, although various other sources—including adipose tissue, dental pulp, mobilised peripheral blood and birth-derived tissues—have since been identified. Although similar, MSCs derived from different sources possess distinct characteristics, advantages and disadvantages, including their differentiation potential and proliferation capacity, which influence their applicability. Hence, they may be used for specific clinical applications in the fields of regenerative medicine and tissue engineering. This review article summarises current knowledge regarding the various sources, characteristics and therapeutic applications of MSCs.Keywords: Mesenchymal Stem Cells; Adult Stem Cells; Regenerative Medicine; Cell Differentiation; Tissue Engineering.

scholarly journals Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes as an Emerging Paradigm for Regenerative Therapy and Nano-Medicine: A Comprehensive Review

Life ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 784
Author(s):  
Biswajit Panda ◽  
Yashvi Sharma ◽  
Suchi Gupta ◽  
Sujata Mohanty
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Regenerative Medicine ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Therapeutic Modality ◽  
Maintenance Cost ◽  
Differentiation Potential ◽  
Cell Based Therapy ◽  
Nano Medicine

Mesenchymal Stem Cells are potent therapeutic candidates in the field of regenerative medicine, owing to their immunomodulatory and differentiation potential. However, several complications come with their translational application like viability, duration, and degree of expansion, long-term storage, and high maintenance cost. Therefore, drawbacks of cell-based therapy can be overcome by a novel therapeutic modality emerging in translational research and application, i.e., exosomes. These small vesicles derived from mesenchymal stem cells are emerging as new avenues in the field of nano-medicine. These nano-vesicles have caught the attention of researchers with their potency as regenerative medicine both in nanotherapeutics and drug delivery systems. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge in the biology and handling of exosomes, with their limitations and future applications. Additionally, we highlight current perspectives that primarily focus on their effect on various diseases and their potential as a drug delivery vehicle.

scholarly journals Application of adult mesenchymal stem cells in bone and vascular tissue engineering

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martina Trávníčková ◽  
Lucie Bačáková
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Vascular Tissue ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Medium Composition ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Tissue Replacement ◽  
Adult Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Tissue engineering is a very promising field of regenerative medicine. Life expectancy has been increasing, and tissue replacement is increasingly needed in patients suffering from various degenerative disorders of the organs. The use of adult mesenchymal stem cells (e.g. from adipose tissue or from bone marrow) in tissue engineering seems to be a promising approach for tissue replacements. Clinical applications can make direct use of the large secretome of these cells, which can have a positive influence on other cells around. Another advantage of adult mesenchymal stem cells is the possibility to differentiate them into various mature cells via appropriate culture conditions (i.e. medium composition, biomaterial properties, and dynamic conditions). This review is focused on current and future ways to carry out tissue replacement of damaged bones and blood vessels, especially with the use of suitable adult mesenchymal stem cells as a potential source of differentiated mature cells that can later be used for tissue replacement. The advantages and disadvantages of different stem cell sources are discussed, with a main focus on adipose-derived stem cells. Patient factors that can influence later clinical applications are taken into account.

scholarly journals Evidence for Bone Marrow Adult Stem Cell Plasticity: Properties, Molecular Mechanisms, Negative Aspects, and Clinical Applications of Hematopoietic and Mesenchymal Stem Cells Transdifferentiation

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivana Catacchio ◽  
Simona Berardi ◽  
Antonia Reale ◽  
Annunziata De Luisi ◽  
Vito Racanelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Adult Stem Cells ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Clinical Importance ◽  
The Body ◽  
Differentiation Potential ◽  
New Findings

In contrast to the pluripotentembryonic stem cells(ESCs) which are able to give rise to all cell types of the body, mammalianadult stem cells(ASCs) appeared to be more limited in their differentiation potential and to be committed to their tissue of origin. Recently, surprising new findings have contradicted central dogmas of commitment of ASCs by showing their plasticity to differentiate across tissue lineage boundaries, irrespective of classical germ layer designations. The present paper supports the plasticity of thebone marrow stem cells(BMSCs), bringing the most striking and the latest evidences of the transdifferentiation properties of thebone marrow hematopoietic and mesenchymal stem cells(BMHSCs, and BMMSCs), the two BM populations of ASCs better characterized. In addition, we report the possible mechanisms that may explain these events, outlining the clinical importance of these phenomena and the relative problems.

Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Veterinary Regenerative Therapy: Basic Physiology to Clinical Applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vikash Chandra ◽  
Pratheesh Mankuzhy ◽  
Taru Sharma G.
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Adult Stem Cells ◽  
Es Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
The Body ◽  
Ligament Injury ◽  
Repair System ◽  
Regenerative Therapy ◽  
Differentiation Potential

Background: The consistent, self-renewal capability and wide-ranging differentiation potential during specific physiologic conditions mark stem cells as a novel candidate not only for biomedical research and regenerative therapy but also as an alternative source in research related to life sciences. This vital and distinct characteristic of stem cells, enable them to offer unprecedented hope in treating many diseases and disorders, which are otherwise difficult to treat. Several efforts are still being undertaken to enhance the efficiency of MSCs for better therapeutic applications. Objective: In recent past several studies have been conducted regarding isolation of stem cells from diverse sources and are being used clinically in veterinary regenerative therapy. But till date only a few systemic studies are available. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the findings from basic and applied research conducted in stem cell therapeutics with particular emphasis on animals. Result: On the basis of their sources, stem cells can be classified as adult or embryonic stem (ES) cells. Physiologically, the ES cells have capability to differentiate into all body cells and develop into normal adult organism; whereas, adult stem cells serve as repair system by restoring damaged tissues of the body. The adult stem cells referred as Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can be derived from various adult body organs whereas embryos give rise to embryonic stem cells. MSCs, passes unique property of proliferation, trans-differentiation and secretion of important biomolecules to create microenvironment; which is immunosuppressive and stimulate native MSCs of damaged tissue. MSCs being immunocompromised cells can be used in autologous as well as in allogenic mode. Conclusion: In Veterinary therapeutics, MSCs equipped with engineering and pharmaceutical modifications offer a potentially candidate in the treatment of wound healing, nerve injury, bone/ligament injury etc. and also bear a great hope in improvement of udder health and milk production in animals.

Application potential of three-dimensional silk fibroin scaffold using mesenchymal stem cells for cardiac regeneration

2021 ◽  
pp. 088532822110185
Author(s):  
Yuksel Cetin ◽  
Merve G Sahin ◽  
Fatma N Kok
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Silk Fibroin ◽  
Cardiac Tissue ◽  
Troponin I ◽  
Cardiac Tissue Engineering ◽  
Swelling Ratio ◽  
Differentiation Potential ◽  
Cardiomyogenic Differentiation

Cardiac tissue engineering focusing on biomaterial scaffolds incorporating cells from different sources has been explored to regenerate or repair damaged area as a lifesaving approach.The aim of this study was to evaluate the cardiomyocyte differentiation potential of human adipose mesenchymal stem cells (hAD-MSCs) as an alternative cell source on silk fibroin (SF) scaffolds for cardiac tissue engineering. The change in surface morphology of SF scaffolds depending on SF concentration (1–6%, w/v) and increase in their porosity upon application of unidirectional freezing were visualized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Swelling ratio was found to increase 2.4 fold when SF amount was decreased from 4% to 2%. To avoid excessive swelling, 4% SF scaffold with swelling ratio of 10% (w/w) was chosen for further studies.Biodegradation rate of SF scaffolds depended on enzymatic activity was found to be 75% weight loss of SF scaffolds at the day 14. The phenotype of hAD-MSCs and their multi-linage potential into chondrocytes, osteocytes, and adipocytes were shown by flow cytometry and immunohistochemical staining, respectively.The viability of hAD-MSCs on 3D SF scaffolds was determined as 90%, 118%, and 138% after 1, 7, and 14 days, respectively. The use of 3D SF scaffolds was associated with increased production of cardiomyogenic biomarkers: α-actinin, troponin I, connexin 43, and myosin heavy chain. The fabricated 3D SF scaffolds were proved to sustain hAD-MSCs proliferation and cardiomyogenic differentiation therefore, hAD-MSCs on 3D SF scaffolds may useful tool to regenerate or repair damaged area using cardiac tissue engineering techniques.

scholarly journals Epigenetic Regulation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells: A Focus on Osteogenic and Adipogenic Differentiation

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chad M. Teven ◽  
Xing Liu ◽  
Ning Hu ◽  
Ni Tang ◽  
Stephanie H. Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Epigenetic Regulation ◽  
Adult Stem Cells ◽  
Es Cells ◽  
Adipogenic Differentiation ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Differentiation Potential ◽  
Msc Differentiation

Stem cells are characterized by their capability to self-renew and terminally differentiate into multiple cell types. Somatic or adult stem cells have a finite self-renewal capacity and are lineage-restricted. The use of adult stem cells for therapeutic purposes has been a topic of recent interest given the ethical considerations associated with embryonic stem (ES) cells. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are adult stem cells that can differentiate into osteogenic, adipogenic, chondrogenic, or myogenic lineages. Owing to their ease of isolation and unique characteristics, MSCs have been widely regarded as potential candidates for tissue engineering and repair. While various signaling molecules important to MSC differentiation have been identified, our complete understanding of this process is lacking. Recent investigations focused on the role of epigenetic regulation in lineage-specific differentiation of MSCs have shown that unique patterns of DNA methylation and histone modifications play an important role in the induction of MSC differentiation toward specific lineages. Nevertheless, MSC epigenetic profiles reflect a more restricted differentiation potential as compared to ES cells. Here we review the effect of epigenetic modifications on MSC multipotency and differentiation, with a focus on osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation. We also highlight clinical applications of MSC epigenetics and nuclear reprogramming.

scholarly journals Impact of Graphene Derivatives as Artificial Extracellular Matrices on Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Molecules ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 379
Author(s):  
Rabia Ikram ◽  
Shamsul Azlin Ahmad Shamsuddin ◽  
Badrul Mohamed Jan ◽  
Muhammad Abdul Qadir ◽  
George Kenanakis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Regenerative Medicine ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Differentiation Potential ◽  
Graphene Derivatives ◽  
Potential Applicability

Thanks to stem cells’ capability to differentiate into multiple cell types, damaged human tissues and organs can be rapidly well-repaired. Therefore, their applicability in the emerging field of regenerative medicine can be further expanded, serving as a promising multifunctional tool for tissue engineering, treatments for various diseases, and other biomedical applications as well. However, the differentiation and survival of the stem cells into specific lineages is crucial to be exclusively controlled. In this frame, growth factors and chemical agents are utilized to stimulate and adjust proliferation and differentiation of the stem cells, although challenges related with degradation, side effects, and high cost should be overcome. Owing to their unique physicochemical and biological properties, graphene-based nanomaterials have been widely used as scaffolds to manipulate stem cell growth and differentiation potential. Herein, we provide the most recent research progress in mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) growth, differentiation and function utilizing graphene derivatives as extracellular scaffolds. The interaction of graphene derivatives in human and rat MSCs has been also evaluated. Graphene-based nanomaterials are biocompatible, exhibiting a great potential applicability in stem-cell-mediated regenerative medicine as they may promote the behaviour control of the stem cells. Finally, the challenges, prospects and future trends in the field are discussed.

scholarly journals Stem Cell Based Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine: A Review Focusing on Adult Stem Cells

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-82
Author(s):  
Jordan Greenberg ◽  
Veronica Fortino ◽  
Daniel Pelaez ◽  
Herman S. Cheung
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Regenerative Medicine ◽  
Adult Stem Cells

scholarly journals CircRNA-vgll3 promotes osteogenic differentiation of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells via modulating miRNA-dependent integrin α5 expression

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 283-302
Author(s):  
Dandan Zhang ◽  
Ni Ni ◽  
Yuyao Wang ◽  
Zhimin Tang ◽  
Huiqin Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Regenerative Medicine ◽  
Osteogenic Differentiation ◽  
Progenitor Cell ◽  
Bone Repair ◽  
Circular Rnas ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Differentiation Potential ◽  
Integrin Α5

AbstractAdipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) are promising candidate for regenerative medicine to repair non-healing bone defects due to their high and easy availability. However, the limited osteogenic differentiation potential greatly hinders the clinical application of ADSCs in bone repair. Accumulating evidences demonstrate that circular RNAs (circRNAs) are involved in stem/progenitor cell fate determination, but their specific role in stem/progenitor cell osteogenesis, remains mostly undescribed. Here, we show that circRNA-vgll3 originating from the vgll3 locus markedly enhances osteogenic differentiation of ADSCs; nevertheless, silencing of circRNA-vgll3 dramatically attenuates ADSC osteogenesis. Furthermore, we validate that circRNA-vgll3 functions in ADSC osteogenesis through a circRNA-vgll3/miR-326-5p/integrin α5 (Itga5) pathway. Itga5 promotes ADSC osteogenic differentiation and miR-326-5p suppresses Itga5 translation. CircRNA-vgll3 directly sequesters miR-326-5p in the cytoplasm and inhibits its activity to promote osteogenic differentiation. Moreover, the therapeutic potential of circRNA-vgll3-modified ADSCs with calcium phosphate cement (CPC) scaffolds was systematically evaluated in a critical-sized defect model in rats. Our results demonstrate that circRNA-vgll3 markedly enhances new bone formation with upregulated bone mineral density, bone volume/tissue volume, trabeculae number, and increased new bone generation. This study reveals the important role of circRNA-vgll3 during new bone biogenesis. Thus, circRNA-vgll3 engineered ADSCs may be effective potential therapeutic targets for bone regenerative medicine.

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