scholarly journals SPECIAL ASPECTS OF FIRE RETARDANT COMPOSITION SELECTION FOR TEXTILE MATERIALS

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (9) ◽  
pp. 17-25
Author(s):  
N. I. Konstantinova ◽  
T. Yu. Eremina ◽  
E. A. Nikolaeva ◽  
M. M. Almenbaev
Keyword(s):  
Surface Treatment ◽  
Human Skin ◽  
Fire Protection ◽  
Direct Contact ◽  
Fire Retardant ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Fire Retardants ◽  
Textile Materials ◽  
Buffer Solutions ◽  
Stage Of Development

Introduction. In order to reduce the fire hazard of textile materials (TM), scientific research is being carried out for the development of various methods of their fire protection. One of the directions in the field of decorative finishing TM with reduced flammability is their surface treatment with fire retardant compositions. Along with the development of fire retardants for TM, it is quite legitimate to study the effects of tissue on human skin, when in contact.Methods. At the stage of development of fire retardant compositions for surface treatment and the choice of the technology of their application, it is necessary to take into account the functional purpose of the TM, the scope of application and operational requirements.Discussion. In developing a fire retardant composition for surface treatment of TM that are in contact with human skin, the authors proposed the use of a number of phosphorus-containing compounds, which are effective fire retardants. However, a significant disadvantage of such compounds is their instability, decomposition and dissociation over time, which leads to irritation of the skin in direct contact with the material. Therefore, research has been carried out and optimal chemical compositions of stabilizers, buffer solutions and their ratios in the fire retardant have been selected. Their use for surface treatment of TM on acellulosic basis makes the TM resistant to ignition and does not adversely affect the skin of a person in direct contact.Conclusions. Based on the experimental data obtained, it follows that one of the possible ways to solve the problem of developing effective fire protection means that meet the requirements of normative documents in the field of fire safety and sanitary hygiene may be modification of compounds based on carbamide compounds with the selection of appropriate stabilizers and buffer solutions.

scholarly journals Research into the physical and chemical properties of fire-retardant materials of structural elements of trucks running on gas engine fuel with the aim of increasing their fire-retardant efficiency

2021 ◽  
Vol 2061 (1) ◽  
pp. 012098
Author(s):  
V Konoplev ◽  
A Zhukov ◽  
Z Melnikov ◽  
V Sarbaev
Keyword(s):  
Fire Hazard ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Motor Fuel ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Fire Retardant ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Engine Fuel ◽  
Fire Retardants ◽  
Fire Load ◽  
Wood Structures

Abstract The fire load is an integral part of the fire hazard definition. Reducing this load is one of directions to fight fires in transport. To study the physicochemical processes and thermal effects occurring as a result of thermal decomposition of wood fire-proofed by retardants like BAN, OK-GF, OK-DS (OK-GFM), SPAD-0 and their chemical compositions, we used the methods of differential thermal analysis, thermogravimetry, and derivative thermogravimetry. In addition, to study the intensity of physicochemical combustion processes, tests to control changes in woodwork masses and temperature at the top of pipe depending on the duration of combustion of the samples and the consumption of fire retardants were conducted. Fire retardant compositions like OK-GF, OK-DS, Pirilax biopyrene at the consumption of 0.1 kg / m2 ensure flame and combustion resistance of the wood. The analysis of the research results confirmed the possibility of assigning to wood structures of a lorry’s body of the group 1 of flame and combustion resistance. Using the above fire retardants and their compositions in the treatment of lodgment elements and runners significantly affects the possibility and duration of the combustion process of a lorry. This was tested by means of an artificial fire source method (without chemical treatment, the burning time does not exceed 50 minutes). This significantly improves post-collision safety of vehicles with an increased fire load in terms of fire resistance because of using the natural gas as a motor fuel.

scholarly journals ASPECTS OF DEVELOPMENT OF FIREPROOF COMPOSITIONS FOR STRUCTURES WITH TEXTILE FUEL PRODUCTS

2021 ◽  
pp. 93-101
Author(s):  
Yu. Tsapko ◽  
◽  
А. Tsapko ◽  
O. Bondarenko ◽  
M. Suhanevich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fire Protection ◽  
Natural Fibers ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Fire Retardant ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Textile Material ◽  
Textile Materials ◽  
Coke Layer ◽  
Sample Damage ◽  
Textile Products

The results of experimental studies on the effectiveness of fire protection of easily erected structures made of flammable textile products are presented. An analysis of the directions of use of easily erected structures made of flammable textile products indicates a steady trend towards an increase in their use during the temporary fulfillment of certain tasks of the Armed Forces of Ukraine and units of the. During the heating of such structures, ignition and rapid spread of fire are possible. The operating statistics for easily erected structures have found a low level of safety due to the use of natural fibers (e.g., linen, cotton and blends), which are highly sensitive to heat and fire. Reduction of combustibility and the development of non-combustible and non-combustible materials is one of the main directions for preventing fires and solving the problem of expanding the scope of these materials. Treatment with fire protection means significantly affects the spread of the flame, allows you to reduce the smoke-generating ability and heat release significantly. After the test, it can be seen that the sample of the textile material sustains spontaneous combustion for more than 5 s; sample damage is more than 150 mm. After the test, it is clear that the sample of textile material does not support self-combustion for no more than 5 s; sample damage is no more than 100 mm. The inhibition of the process of ignition and flame propagation for such a sample is associated with the decomposition of fire retardants under the influence of temperature with the absorption of heat and the release of incombustible gases (nitrogen, carbon dioxide), a change in the direction of decomposition towards the formation of incombustible gases and a hardly combustible coke residue. This leads to an increase in the thickness of the coke layer and inhibition of the heat transfer of the high-temperature flame to the material, which indicates the possibility of the transition of textile materials during processing with a fire retardant composition to materials that are non-combustible, which do not spread the flame by the surface.

scholarly journals Study of fireproof properties of textile materials safe when in contact with human skin

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 ◽  
pp. 03013
Author(s):  
Natalia Konstantinova ◽  
Tatyana Eremina ◽  
Irina Kuznetsova
Keyword(s):  
Human Skin ◽  
Fire Retardant ◽  
Main Stage ◽  
Optimum Ratio ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
Textile Materials ◽  
Phosphorus Containing ◽  
Mucous Membranes ◽  
Special Studies ◽  
Selection Of

The methods of surface fire retardant treatment of textile materials (TM) and the chemical basis of the fire retardants used are considered. The possibility of developing a fire retardant composition for tissues that would not adversely affect the human skin upon contact has been studied. To determine the degree of danger of contact and of the penetration of chemicals through skin in contact with the fireproof TM, special studies were conducted to study the local irritating effect and resorption of the composition according to special developed laboratory methodological instructions. As the result the evidence was found that the irritating effect of the fire retardant composition developed on the skin and mucous membranes of the eyes of experimental animals was not detected. Comparative thermo analytical studies showing the effectiveness of the fire retardant action of the composition developed on the main stage of thermal decomposition of cellulose-containing TM are presented. Thus, the development of a fire retardant composition based on phosphorus-containing compounds and urea compounds and the selection of the optimum ratio of stabilizers for the processing of decorative and finishing fabrics with safe contact with human skin can be one of the effective ways to solve the problem under consideration.

scholarly journals Regularities in the washing out of water-soluble phosphorus-ammonium salts from the fire-protective coatings of timber through a polyurethane shell

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (10 (110)) ◽  
pp. 51-58
Author(s):  
Yuriy Tsapko ◽  
Roman Vasylyshyn ◽  
Oleksandr Melnyk ◽  
Vasyl Lomaha ◽  
Аleksii Tsapko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fire Protection ◽  
Protective Coatings ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Fire Retardant ◽  
Protective Layer ◽  
Moisture Diffusion ◽  
Polymer Coatings ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Building Structures ◽  
Fire Retardants

The analysis of fire-protective materials for wooden building structures was carried out and the need to develop reliable methods for studying the process of washing out fire retardants from the surface of the building structure, which is necessary for the creation of new types of fire-protective materials, was established. That is why there arises a need to determine the conditions for the formation of a barrier for washing out and to establish a mechanism for inhibition of moisture transmission to the material. In this regard, a mathematical model was built of washing out fire retardants using a polymeric shell made of organic material as a coating, which makes it possible to estimate the effectiveness of a polymer shell by the amount of the washed-out fire retardant. According to the experimental data and theoretical dependences, the dynamics of the release of fire retardants from the fire-protective layer of the coating was calculated; it did not exceed 1.0 %, and therefore, ensures fire protection of timber. The results of determining the weight loss of the sample under the influence of water indicate the ambiguous impact of the nature of protection on the washout. In particular, this implies the availability of data sufficient for performing a high-quality process of moisture diffusion inhibition and, based on it, detection of the moment, from which a decrease in efficiency of a coating begins. The experimental studies proved that a sample of fire-protected timber after exposure to water for 30 days withstood the influence of a heat flow. In particular, the loss of timber weight after the temperature exposure was less than 6 %, and the temperature of flue gases did not exceed 185 °C. Thus, there is a reason to assert the possibility of directed control of the processes of fire protection of timber through the use of polymer coatings capable of forming a protective layer on the surface of fire-protected material, which inhibits the rate of washing out the fire retardants

Testing of Fire Retardants

2016 ◽  
Vol 861 ◽  
pp. 72-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adelaida Fanfarová ◽  
Linda Makovická Osvaldová ◽  
Stanislava Gašpercová
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Fire Protection ◽  
Flame Spread ◽  
Scientific Method ◽  
Test Bench ◽  
Fire Retardant ◽  
Evaluation Criterion ◽  
Fire Retardants ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Different Types

The authors deal with the importance and significance of fire retardants for fire protection in practice. The main aim of this paper is to inform the readers about the possibilities of wood modifications by fire retardants. The authors present the experiment of testing wood specimens applying the experimental scientific method of test for limited flame spread on the test bench under laboratory conditions. The results of the experiment represent fire-technical characteristics that describe the wood behavior during the process of combustion. Different types of fire retardants are evaluated according to the selected evaluation criterion - the weight loss of test specimens. The conclusion summarizes the results of the experiment and recommendations for fire retardant modification in practice.

scholarly journals THE INFLUENCE OF HYDROPHOBIC COATING ON THE EFFICIENCY OF FIRE PROTECTION OF TEXTILE MATERIALS

2021 ◽  
pp. 119-127
Author(s):  
Yu. Tsapko ◽  
◽  
O. Bondarenko ◽  
А. Tsapko ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fire Protection ◽  
Fire Retardant ◽  
Protective Layer ◽  
Water Repellent ◽  
Complete Combustion ◽  
Textile Materials ◽  
Hydrophobic Coating ◽  
Heat Penetration ◽  
Full Scale Tests ◽  
Fabric Structures

Abstract. The analysis of fire-retardant materials for fabrics is carried out and it is established that the paucity of data for explanation and description of the process of fire protection, neglect of elastic coatings, leads to ignition of fabric structures under the action of flame. The development of reliable methods for studying the conditions of fire protection of fabrics leads to the creation of new types of fire protective materials. Therefore, it becomes necessary to determine the conditions for the formation of a barrier both for high temperatures and for leaching in the presence of precipitation and to establish a mechanism for inhibition of these processes. In this regard, full-scale tests were carried out and it was found out that when the flame is applied to untreated model samples of tent elements made of canvas fabric, the surface ignites and spreads the flame, which leads to their complete combustion within 105...120 s, instead, the model The fire-resistant sample of tent elements did not catch fire when ignited with a gasoline-based substance, and the flame did not spread. In this case, the final combustion was recorded for 3 c and the swelling of the protective coating reached 3...5 mm, and the surface was charred on an area of about 80% from the inside. When tested for fire retardant efficiency for a fire-resistant sample treated with a water repellent (5 % solution of GDJ-94), a decrease in efficiency and carbonization of the material was recorded, which amounted to 100%, and for a fire-resistant sample treated with a water repellent (5 % solution), a decrease in efficiency was recorded due to the combustion of paraffin and local burnout of the material, and carbonization was 100 %. Obviously, such a mechanism of influence of the fire-retardant coating is the factor regulating the process, which preserves the integrity of the object. Thus, there is reason to argue about the possibility of targeted regulation of the processes of fire protection of the fabric by applying coatings capable of forming a protective layer on the surface of the material, which inhibits the rate of heat penetration.

scholarly journals Procedure for constructing a mathematical model to determine the time of the initial stage of fire evolution

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (10 (109)) ◽  
pp. 45-52
Author(s):  
Sergii Zhartovskyi ◽  
Olexander Titenko ◽  
Oksana Kyrychenko ◽  
Ievgen Tyshchenko ◽  
Roman Motrichuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Modeling ◽  
Fire Protection ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Fire Retardant ◽  
Fire Retardants ◽  
Fire Load ◽  
Physicochemical Processes ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Modeling Data ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus

To develop appropriate measures and means of fire protection at facilities, it is relevant to form an idea of the phenomenology of the processes of the occurrence, evolution, and termination of combustion. This paper proposes procedures for building mathematical models of the energy component of those physicochemical processes that occur in wood under the influence of fire, which make it possible to determine the time from the beginning of such an impact to the onset of the phase of flame combustion. The adequacy of mathematical modeling was tested experimentally at a standardized installation for studying flame propagation over the surface of wood. The samples used for the reported theoretical and experimental studies were the specimens of unprotected wood made from 20-mm-thick pine sapwood with a density of 400‒550 kg/m3. The samples of fireproof wood (of the same variety, thickness, and density) were impregnated with a fire retardant based on diammonium phosphate and ammonium sulfate (at consumption of 168.2 g/m2 of dry fire-retardant components). The modeling employed the results from the experimental determining of the ignition temperature of unprotected and fire-proof wood, specifically: 235 °C – for unprotected wood, 410 °C – for fire-proof wood, respectively. The results of mathematical modeling and experimental studies confirm the possibility of significant lengthening of time from the onset of fire exposure to the ignition of fire load from wood when nitrogen-phosphorus impregnating agents are used for fire protection. Procedures of mathematical modeling have been proposed to build models for determining the cooling effect from the use of impregnating fire retardants to protect the wood on the prolongation of the stage of a fire start. Mathematical modeling data could be applied when making impregnating fire retardants

ZIRCADYNE 706

Alloy Digest ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Surface Treatment ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Heat Exchangers ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Chemical Processing ◽  
Lower Oxygen ◽  
Panel Type

Abstract ZIRCADYNE 706 is a zirconium-niobium (columbium) alloy containing 2-3% niobium. It is similar in chemical compositions (except for slightly lower oxygen) to Zircadyne 705 (Alloy Digest Zr-8, July 1982). Zircadyne 706 was developed specifically for severe forming applications such as panel-type heat exchangers. The corrosion resistance of Zircadyne 706 is identical to that of Zircadyne 705 but its tensile and yield strengths are slightly lower. It is recommended for chemical processing applications. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, elasticity, and tensile properties. It also includes information on corrosion resistance as well as forming, heat treating, machining, joining, and surface treatment. Filing Code: Zr-10. Producer or source: Teledyne Wah Chang Albany.

Investigation of Gas Formation Processes in Cotton Fabrics Impregnated with Binary Compositions of Ethyl Silicate - Flame Retardant System

2021 ◽  
Vol 1038 ◽  
pp. 460-467
Author(s):  
Olga Skorodumova ◽  
Olena Tarakhno ◽  
Olena Chebotaryova ◽  
Dmitriy Saveliev ◽  
Fatih Mehmet Emen
Keyword(s):  
Fire Retardant ◽  
Thermal Exposure ◽  
Ethyl Silicate ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Formation Processes ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Textile Materials ◽  
Gas Formation ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Diammonium Hydrogen

The use of complex fire-retardant coatings based on ethyl silicate gel - diammonium hydrogen phosphate reduces the process of smoke formation during thermal exposure to treated tissue samples, which is promising for improving the fire safety of textile materials. The compositions are easy to obtain, they do not require specific processing conditions, do not contain toxic substances. This allows us to offer developed compositions for fire protection of textile materials used in facilities with a large number of people.

The Use of Sol-Gel Method for Obtaining Fire-Resistant Elastic Coatings on Cotton Fabrics

2021 ◽  
Vol 1038 ◽  
pp. 468-479
Author(s):  
Olga Skorodumova ◽  
Olena Tarakhno ◽  
Olena Chebotaryova ◽  
Oleg Bezuglov ◽  
Fatih Mehmet Emen
Keyword(s):  
Thin Layer ◽  
Fire Protection ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Fire Retardant ◽  
Cotton Fabrics ◽  
Covalent Bonds ◽  
Silica Coatings ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Fire Retardant Properties ◽  
Main Factors

Based on the generalization of research results on the processes of obtaining SiO2 sols using tetraethoxysilane and ethyl silicates, the main factors influencing the elasticity of silica coatings on cotton fabrics and their fire-retardant properties are considered. The possibility of forming covalent bonds between the functional groups of cellulose, gel coating and flame retardant layer is considered, which explains the strong fixation of a thin layer of coating on the fibers of the fabric and improve its fire protection. The use of the developed compositions for fire-retardant elastic coatings based on ethyl silicate allows to increase the time of complete burning of cotton from 30s (untreated fabric) to 600s (treated with binary coating).

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