scholarly journals Different organic mulch materials affect the abundance of enchytraeids in an open-field experiment

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-24
Author(s):  
Renáta Petrikovszki ◽  
Fanni Bárányos ◽  
Amelita Gerda Molnár ◽  
Ferenc Tóth ◽  
Gergely Boros
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Field Experiment ◽  
Open Field ◽  
Leaf Litter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Sufficient Information ◽  
Animal Group ◽  
Organic Mulch

Organic mulch may provide favourable soil conditions e.g. soil moisture or organic matter content, which may enhance the number of enchytraeids. However, there is no sufficient information about the relationship between plant-based mulch and this beneficial soil animal group. Therefore, an open-field experiment was conducted with tomato as a test plant to examine the effect of different types of organic mulch materials on the natural occurence of enchytraeids. Our study microplots received the following treatments: 1) yard-waste compost, 2) walnut leaf litter, 3) mixed leaf litter without walnut and 4) wheat straw. Control microplots were left unmulched. Randomized block design was used with eight replications to the treatments and four to the control. At the end of the growing season, three soil samples were taken from the root zone of each plant with a split soil corer, and enchytraeids were extracted by the wet funnel method. Living enchytraeids were counted under a dissecting microscope, and their density values were estimated. Worms were identified in five randomly selected samples of each treatment. In addition, soil moisture was determined by oven-drying as well. Mulch material types had significantly different effects on both Enchytraeid density and soil moisture. Under walnut leaf litter, mixed leaf litter and straw cover, higher numbers of individuals were found. In the case of soil moisture content, straw mulching had the highest value, while compost and uncovered surfaces the lowest. It appears that mulch materials serve as food source and provide favourable conditions for enchytraeid communities as well.

scholarly journals Impacts of soil moisture level and organic matter content on growth of two Juncus species and Poa pratensis grown under acid soil conditions

Weed Research ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (6) ◽  
pp. 490-500
Author(s):  
W Kaczmarek‐Derda ◽  
M Helgheim ◽  
J Netland ◽  
H Riley ◽  
K Wærnhus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Acid Soil ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Moisture Level ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Soil Moisture Level

scholarly journals Superabsorbent polymer and rabbit manure improve soil moisture, growth and yield of eggplant (Solanum melongena L.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisha Otieno Gogo ◽  
Annah Wanjala Mnyika ◽  
Simon Muti Mbuvi
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Solanum Melongena ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Superabsorbent Polymer ◽  
And Control ◽  
Rabbit Manure

Production of eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) is influenced by limited soil water and fertility conditions that affect its growth and yield. The use of superabsorbent polymer (SAP), also known as slush powder and rabbit manure are among the strategies that can improve soil conditions, hence growth and yield of crops. The objective of the study was to evaluate the effects of SAP and rabbit manure on soil moisture, growth and yield of eggplant. The study was conducted at Pwani University, Kilifi, Kenya. A randomized complete block design with three replications was used. The treatments were SAP, rabbit manure, SAP plus rabbit manure and control (without SAP or rabbit manure). Soil moisture, growth and yield parameters were determined. Superabsorbent polymer and/or rabbit manure improved soil moisture, growth and yield of eggplant compared with the control. Use of SAP had a better soil moisture retention, growth and yield comparable to SAP combined with rabbit manure. The finding demonstrates that use of SAP and/or rabbit manure may help in better soil water and nutrient management particularly in arid and semi-arid areas to improve growth and yield of eggplant.

scholarly journals The Effect of Plant Spacing and Planting Model on Multiple Cropping of Red Chili (Capsicum annuum L.) and Shallot (Allium ascalonicum L.) under Saline Soil Conditions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurul Aini ◽  
Wiwin Sumiya Dwi Yamika ◽  
Luqman Qurata Aini ◽  
Muhammad Jauhar Firdaus
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Capsicum Annuum ◽  
Saline Soil ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Plant Spacing ◽  
Multiple Cropping ◽  
Capsicum Annuum L ◽  
Randomized Block Design

A field experiment was conducted from October 2018 to April 2019 at Sidomukti Village, Brondong Sub-District of Lamongan Regency, Province of East Java. The research was performed with the aim of examining and obtaining appropriate combinations of plant spacing and planting model for red chili (Capsicum annuum L.) and shallot (Allium ascalonicum L.) plants in saline soil conditions. The utilized design on this research was randomized block design. This research consists of 6 combinations that are repeated 4 times, resulting in 24 experimental units. Based on the research, it was found that the treatment of multiple cropping of red chilies i.e. 2 rows of shallot plants between rows of red chilies have land equivalence ratios (LER) greater than 1, being 1.32 and 1.41, which indicates that the treatment of multiple cropping leads to higher land effectiveness.

scholarly journals Soil Restoration through the Application of Organic Mulch Following Skidding Operations Causing Vehicle Induced Compaction in the Hyrcanian Forests, Northern Iran

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1060
Author(s):  
Azadeh Khoramizadeh ◽  
Meghdad Jourgholami ◽  
Mohammad Jafari ◽  
Rachele Venanzi ◽  
Farzam Tavankar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Leaf Litter ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Soil Restoration ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Organic Mulch ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

In this study an attempt was made to assess how different mulches affect the soil environment. In particular, different organic mulches such as leaf litter, straw and sawdust were tested in order to assess their capacities to amend the soil conditions. These analyses were carried out in the Hyrcanian mixed broadleaved forest. Organic mulches can compensate the litter layer loss on compaction-induced soil and accelerate the restoration process of soil properties, which takes from a few years to several decades without mulching. However, comprehensive knowledge on the effects of organic mulch on soil quality in terms of compaction-induced soil in the scientific literature is still scarce and inadequate. The main aim of the study was to examine the effects of three organic mulches (leaf litter, straw and sawdust) on the restoration of forestry vehicle-induced soil properties in the skid trail over a 2-year period. The results showed as the values of soil physical and chemical properties in litter, straw and sawdust treatments were significantly restored as compared with the values in the untreated soil. In general, leaf litter supplies nutrients at higher rates than the straw and sawdust mulches. However, according to the current results, a 2-year period is not enough to return the soil physical and chemical properties to pre-traffic levels. Furthermore, the present study shows that organic mulch spread on the surface of mineral soil in the skid trails after machine traffic acts as a fertilizer to accelerate the decomposition of organic matter.

scholarly journals IDENTIFICATION OF ORGANIC MULCH EFFECTS ON WEED DIVERSITY AND SHALLOT (Allium ascalonicum L.) PRODUCTIVITY

2021 ◽  
Vol 748 (1) ◽  
pp. 012027
Author(s):  
A Murtilaksono ◽  
R G Nainggolan ◽  
O Matius ◽  
A Rahim
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Imperata Cylindrica ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Eleusine Indica ◽  
Organic Mulch ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Weed Diversity ◽  
Study Species

Abstract Shallot cultivation in North Kalimantan has not been implemented properly. This is because the soil in North Kalimantan is acid so the yield of shallot is low. One effort to increase soil pH using organic mulch. Organic mulch has the function of maintaining soil moisture and inhibiting the growth of weeds so that shallot cultivation can grow well. This study aims to determine the effects of organic mulch on weed diversity and yield of shallot. The study was conducted using Randomized Block Design with the treatment without mulch (P0), Imperata cylindrica mulch (P1), Cyperus rotundus mulch (P2), Eleusine indica mulch (P3) and Cynodon Dactylon mulch (P4). The results showed that the parameters of shallot using Cyperus rotundus mulch and Eleusine indica mulch increased the number of tubers is 11.57%. In this study, species of weeds had the highest a on each treatment were species Elusine indica on without mulch (21.93%), Cyperus rotundus mulch (54.26%), and Eleusine indica mulch (28.79%). Then, species Borreria latifolia on Imperata cylindrica mulch (28.79%), and species Cynodon dactylon on Cynodon dactylon mulch (47.21%).

scholarly journals Use of organic mulch to enhance water-use efficiency and peach production under limiting soil conditions in a three-year-old orchard

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. e0904 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joan Lordan ◽  
Miquel Pascual ◽  
Josep M. Villar ◽  
Francisco Fonseca ◽  
Josep Papió ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Water Infiltration ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Crop Response ◽  
Organic Mulch ◽  
The Third ◽  
Use Efficiency

<p>Mulching techniques have emerged in recent years to overcome soil constraints and improve fruit tree productivity. The object of this study was to evaluate the effects of a low-cost organic mulch application in a newly planted peach orchard under a ridge planting system. Three treatments were performed in 12 elementary plots using a randomized complete block design. The orchard was drip-irrigated. Mulch was applied in two treatments, which differed in fertigation (none <em>vs</em>. multi-nutrient fertigation), while the third treatment did not include either mulch or fertigation and served as the control. Treatments were compared in terms of their effects on the physical properties of the soil, crop response, and water-use efficiency. Mulch treatments did not alter the soil bulk density. However, the mulch significantly (<em>p</em>=0.0004) increased the water infiltration rate (2.21 mm/h <em>vs</em>. 121 mm/h), which is a key issue when working in high frequency irrigation systems under soil limiting conditions. Similarly, mulched treatments showed a more favorable water status both in the second and the third year, which was translated in a better crop response. Thus, mulched treatments recorded higher yields both in the second (+155%, <em>p</em>=0.0005) and the third year (+53%, <em>p</em>=0.0007) of the experiment. Water use efficiency (WUE<sub>agr</sub>) was higher in the mulch treatments (+50% in average, <em>p</em>=0.0007) than in the control in the third year of the study. On the basis of our results, we propose that organic-mulching techniques should be considered as a beneficial practice to apply in fruit-trees production under limiting soil conditions.</p>

Soil response to chemicals used in a field experiment

2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Jezierska-Tys ◽  
A. Rutkowska
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Field Experiment ◽  
Soil Microorganisms ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Alkaline Phosphatases ◽  
Soil Response ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Set Up

Abstract The effect of chemicals (Reglone 200 SL and Elastiq 550 EC) on soil microorganisms and their enzymatic activity was estimated. The study was conducted in a field experiment which was set up in the split-block design and comprised three treatments. Soil samples were taken six times, twice in each year of study. The results showed that the application of chemicals generally had no negative effect on the number of soil microorganisms. The application of Reglone 200 SL caused an increase of proteolytic and ureolytic activity and affected the activity of dehydrogenases, acid and alkaline phosphatases in the soil. The soil subjected of Elastiq 550 EC was characterized by lower activity of dehydrogenases, protease, urease and alkaline phosphatase.

scholarly journals Root Response to Soil Water Status via Interaction of Crop Genotype and Environment

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 708
Author(s):  
Phanthasin Khanthavong ◽  
Shin Yabuta ◽  
Hidetoshi Asai ◽  
Md. Amzad Hossain ◽  
Isao Akagi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Root Distribution ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Crop Adaptation ◽  
Soil Moisture Status ◽  
Root Distributions

Flooding and drought are major causes of reductions in crop productivity. Root distribution indicates crop adaptation to water stress. Therefore, we aimed to identify crop roots response based on root distribution under various soil conditions. The root distribution of four crops—maize, millet, sorghum, and rice—was evaluated under continuous soil waterlogging (CSW), moderate soil moisture (MSM), and gradual soil drying (GSD) conditions. Roots extended largely to the shallow soil layer in CSW and grew longer to the deeper soil layer in GSD in maize and sorghum. GSD tended to promote the root and shoot biomass across soil moisture status regardless of the crop species. The change of specific root density in rice and millet was small compared with maize and sorghum between different soil moisture statuses. Crop response in shoot and root biomass to various soil moisture status was highest in maize and lowest in rice among the tested crops as per the regression coefficient. Thus, we describe different root distributions associated with crop plasticity, which signify root spread changes, depending on soil water conditions in different crop genotypes as well as root distributions that vary depending on crop adaptation from anaerobic to aerobic conditions.

scholarly journals Biochar Improves Maize Growth but Has a Limited Effect on Soil Properties: Evidence from a Three-Year Field Experiment

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 3617
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Medyńska-Juraszek ◽  
Agnieszka Latawiec ◽  
Jolanta Królczyk ◽  
Adam Bogacz ◽  
Dorota Kawałko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Field Experiment ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Temperate Climate ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Maize Growth ◽  
Chemical Soil ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Biochar application is reported as a method for improving physical and chemical soil properties, with a still questionable impact on the crop yields and quality. Plant productivity can be affected by biochar properties and soil conditions. High efficiency of biochar application was reported many times for plant cultivation in tropical and arid climates; however, the knowledge of how the biochar affects soils in temperate climate zones exhibiting different properties is still limited. Therefore, a three-year-long field experiment was conducted on a loamy Haplic Luvisol, a common arable soil in Central Europe, to extend the laboratory-scale experiments on biochar effectiveness. A low-temperature pinewood biochar was applied at the rate of 50 t h−1, and maize was selected as a tested crop. Biochar application did not significantly impact the chemical soil properties and fertility of tested soil. However, biochar improved soil physical properties and water retention, reducing plant water stress during hot dry summers, and thus resulting in better maize growth and higher yields. Limited influence of the low-temperature biochar on soil properties suggests the crucial importance of biochar-production technology and biochar properties on the effectiveness and validity of its application in agriculture.

scholarly journals White Root Rot of Raspberries

1951 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 211
Author(s):  
GC Wade
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Causal Organism ◽  
White Root Rot ◽  
High Soil Moisture ◽  
High Soil ◽  
Soil Temperatures ◽  
Dry Soil

The disease known as white root rot affects raspberries, and to a less extent loganberries, in Victoria. The causal organism is a white, sterile fungus that has not been identified. The disease is favoured by dry soil conditions and high soil temperatures. It spreads externally to the host by means of undifferentiated rhizomorphs; and requires a food base for the establishment of infection. The spread of rhizomorphs through the soil is hindered by high soil moisture content and consequent poor aeration of the soil.

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