Modeling of Catalytic Reforming of Straight-Run Gasoline: The Influence of Process Parameters on the Composition of Reforming Products

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 70-75
Author(s):  
A. A. Dyusembaeava ◽  
V. I. Vershinin
Keyword(s):  
Process Parameters ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Feed Flow Rate ◽  
Catalytic Reforming ◽  
Influence Of Process Parameters ◽  
Circulation Ratio ◽  
Benzene Toluene ◽  
Gas Circulation

The computer simulation was based on an adequate kinetic model with allowance for deactivation of the Pt-Sn catalyst. Weight proportions of the target reforming products (benzene, toluene, xylenes) were calculated by varying sequentially the process parameters: temperature between 480 and 550 °C, pressure between 6 and 10 atm, volume feed flow rate between 0.9 and 1.5 h–1, hydrogen-rich gas circulation ratio between 400 and 550 m3/m3. It was established that the inlet temperature elevation, pressure reduction and a decrease in the hydrogen-rich gas circulation ratio led to an increase in the total yield of arenes but not to change in the proportions of different arenes. These results agreed with the theoretical assumptions and analytic data on the real platformate. Reduction of the volume feed flow rate at otherwise identical conditions resulted in improvement of the expected yield of arenes and in a change in proportions of arenes in the platformate: the proportion of xylenes decreased but the proportion of benzene and toluene increased.

Optimization for Powder Yield of Spray-Dried Garlic Extract Powder Using Box-Behnken Experimental Design

2020 ◽  
Vol 859 ◽  
pp. 301-306
Author(s):  
Nattakanwadee Khumpirapang ◽  
Supreeya Srituptim ◽  
Worawut Kriangkrai
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Spray Drying ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Interactive Effect ◽  
Garlic Extract ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Feed Flow Rate ◽  
Air Inlet ◽  
Liquid Feed

Garlic exerts its pharmacological activities; antihyperglycemic, antihyperlipidemia, antihypercholesterolemic, and antihypertensive activity. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine and optimize the influence of the individual and interactive effect of process conditions variables on the yield of garlic extract powders by three factors and three level-Box-Behnken design under response surface methodology. Spray drying processes the transformation of a garlic juice extract into a dried powder, where usually maltodextrin (MD) as a drying agent is used. According to experimental design, the mixing of garlic juice extract (85 – 95 %w/w) and MD (5 – 15 %w/w) were dried at an air inlet temperature 110°C - 150°C and liquid feed flow rate 5 – 35 rpm. The optimum spray-drying process conditions which maximized the yield of garlic extract powder (31%w/w) were found as follows: air inlet temperature of 150°C, the liquid feed flow rate of 16 rpm, and 5 %w/w MD. The experimental values slightly closed to the corresponding predicted values. Hence, the developed model was adequate and possible to use.

scholarly journals Modeling and Optimization of Carbon Dioxide Removal in Packed Bed Column Reactor

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 8-13
Author(s):  
K. Thirugnanasambandham
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Process Parameters ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Co2 Capture ◽  
Packed Bed ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Feed Flow Rate ◽  
Statistical Design Of Experiments ◽  
Packed Bed Column ◽  
Column Reactor

Global warming due to greenhouse gases has become a serious global issue. Extensive efforts are being made to fighting this phenomenon through carbon capture as carbon dioxide (CO2) is its major contributor. This study focused on CO2 capture in packed bed column reactor using Poly-(D) glucosamine under the various process parameters such as temperature, feed flow rate and mass of the adsorbent. Statistical design of experiments was carried out in order to analysis the effect process parameters on the capacity of CO2 capture in packed bed column. The obtained results show that feed flow rate has the significant affect compared to others. The maximum of 956 mg of CO2 is captured under the following operating conditions; temperature of 40oC, feed flow rate of 30 ml/min and 0.25 g of the Poly-(D) glucosamine. The ability of Poly-(D) glucosamine to capture the CO2 in packed bed column is confirmed.

scholarly journals Computational modeling of drug separation from aqueous solutions using octanol organic solution in membranes

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahboubeh Pishnamazi ◽  
Ali Taghvaie Nakhjiri ◽  
Arezoo Sodagar Taleghani ◽  
Mahdi Ghadiri ◽  
Azam Marjani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Transfer ◽  
Flow Pattern ◽  
Process Parameters ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Fluid Dynamic ◽  
Mechanistic Model ◽  
Membrane System ◽  
Membrane Properties ◽  
Feed Flow Rate ◽  
Aqueous Feed

Abstract Continuous membrane separation of pharmaceuticals from an aqueous feed was studied theoretically by development of high-performance mechanistic model. The model was developed based on mass and momentum transfer to predict separation and removal of ibuprofen (IP) and its metabolite compound, i.e. 4-isobutylacetophenone (4-IBAP) from aqueous solution. The modeling study was carried out for a membrane contactor considering mass transport of solute from feed to organic solvent (octanol solution). The solute experiences different mass transfer resistances during the removal in membrane system which were all taken into account in the modeling. The model’s equations were solved using computational fluid dynamic technique, and the simulations were carried out to understand the effect of process parameters, flow pattern, and membrane properties on the removal of both solutes. The simulation results indicated that IP and 4-IBAP can be effectively removed from aqueous feed by adjusting the process parameters and flow pattern. More removal was obtained when the feed flows in the shell side of membrane system due to improving mass transfer. Also, feed flow rate was indicated to be the most affecting process parameter, and the highest solute removal was obtained at the lowest feed flow rate.

scholarly journals Spray drying of the mixtures of mono-, di-, and oligosaccharides

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Wrzosek ◽  
Juraj Moravčík ◽  
Monika Antošová ◽  
Viera Illeová ◽  
Milan Polakovič
Keyword(s):  
Spray Drying ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Enzymatic Conversion ◽  
Feed Flow Rate ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Air Flow Rate ◽  
High Glass Transition Temperature ◽  
Rich Mixture ◽  
Solids Concentration

Abstract Optimal conditions of spray drying of a fructooligosaccharide-rich mixture prepared by enzymatic conversion of sucrose were investigated. It was found that efficient drying of the mixture containing about 40 % of monosaccharides and sucrose required addition of a compound with a high glass transition temperature. The addition of maltodextrin helped to achieve satisfactory solids yield and moisture. Optimized process parameters were the feed flow rate and solids concentration, drying air flow rate and inlet temperature.

Response surface methodology for predicting the dimethylphenol removal from wastewater via reverse osmosis process

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mudhar Al-Obaidi ◽  
Basman Al-Nedawe ◽  
Abdulrahman Mohammad ◽  
Iqbal Mujtaba
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Inlet Pressure ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Feed Flow Rate ◽  
Rsm Model

AbstractReverse Osmosis (RO) process can be considered as one of the intensively used pioneering equipment for reusing wastewater of several applications. The recent study presented the development of an accurate model for predicting the dimethylphenol removal from wastewater via RO process. The Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was applied to carry out this challenge based on actual experimental data collected from the literature. The independent variables considered are the inlet pressure (5.83–13.58) atm, inlet temperature (29.5–32) ° C, inlet feed flow rate (2.166–2.583) × 10–4 m3/s, and inlet concentration (0.854–8.049) × 10-3 kmol/m3 and the dimethylphenol removal is considered as the response variable. The analysis of variance showed that the inlet temperature and feed flow rate have a negative influence on dimethylphenol removal from wastewater while the inlet pressure and concentration show a positive influence. In this regard, F-value of 240.38 indicates a considerable contribution of the predicted variables of pressure and concentration against the process dimethylphenol rejection. Also, the predicted R2 value of 0.9772 shows the high accuracy of the model. An overall assessment of simulating the performance of RO process against the operating parameters has been systematically demonstrated using the proposed RSM model.

Effect of hydrogen-rich gas circulation ratio on product yields in catalytic reforming

1981 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 173-175
Author(s):  
G. N. Maslyanskii ◽  
R. N. Shapiro ◽  
R. F. Pannikova
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Reforming ◽  
Product Yields ◽  
Circulation Ratio ◽  
Gas Circulation

Influence of Process Parameters on the Dimensions of the Channels Prepared Using Abrasive Water Jet Machining

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. V. K. Gupta ◽  
Puneet Tandon ◽  
J. Ramkumar ◽  
Nalinaksh S. Vyas
Keyword(s):  
Process Parameters ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Abrasive Particle ◽  
Traverse Speed ◽  
Machining Process ◽  
Standoff Distance ◽  
Depth Of Cut ◽  
Large Set ◽  
Influence Of Process Parameters ◽  
Abrasive Size

Preparation of micro/macro channels using unconventional machining methods/processes on hard to machine materials is increasingly in demand in the micro machining industry. AWJM is one such process that can be used for the creation of these channels. Achieving the dimensional accuracy is a challenge because process is influenced by large set of process parameters and further in depth milling process, it is much more challenging than anticipated unlike in conventional machining process. The current research is an attempt to create a channel with varying operating parameters (abrasive size, flow rate, standoff distance and traverse speed) and address the issues of 3D shape generation which is nothing but an overlap of channels for a specific freeform surface. The paper presents the variations in the dimensions of the channel with process parameters. Traverse speed decides the exposure time of the material to the jet and also the erosion capabilities. The experimental results reveal that the channel dimensions are dependent on the standoff distance which leads to the abrasive particle velocity distributions. Results obtained reveals that depth of cut is mainly dependent on the traverse speed followed by particle size. The width of the cut is dependent on the jet diameter which changes with standoff distance. The taper cut is mainly because of the particle distribution which is governed by the abrasive size and the abrasive flow rate. Proceeding in this way, we can understand the influence of process parameters on the dimensional characteristics and further to establish a base for creating complex shapes using AWJM.

Synthesis of Ethyl Acetate Using Packing Solid Super Acid Catalyst of SO42-/Al2O3 by Catalytic Distillation

2012 ◽  
Vol 550-553 ◽  
pp. 292-295
Author(s):  
Guo Fu Sun ◽  
Jing Li Xu ◽  
Hong Yan Si
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Process Parameters ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Acid Catalyst ◽  
Reflux Ratio ◽  
Feed Flow Rate ◽  
Catalytic Distillation ◽  
Super Acid ◽  
Operation Parameters

Ethyl acetate was synthesized by catalytic distillation using packing solid super acid catalyst of SO42-/Al2O3made by oneself. The effects of process parameters such as the ratio between acetic acid and ethanol, the feed flow rate of ethanol and reflux ratio on catalytic distillation were observed. The best operation parameters were determined. It was beneficial for synthesis of ethyl acetate when n(acetic acid)/n(ethanol) was 1/3, the feed flow rate of ethanol was 3mol/l and reflux ratio was 2.

scholarly journals A Comparative Study of Swarm Intelligence-Based Optimization Algorithms in WSN

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Aya Ayad Hussein ◽  
Rajaaaldeen Abd Khalid
Keyword(s):  
Process Parameters ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Co2 Capture ◽  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Statistical Design ◽  
Packed Bed ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Feed Flow Rate ◽  
Statistical Design Of Experiments ◽  
Packed Bed Column

Global warming due to greenhouse gases has become a serious global issue. Extensive efforts are being made to fighting this phenomenon through carbon capture as carbon dioxide (CO2) is its major contributor. This study focused on CO2 capture in packed bed column reactor using Poly-(D) glucosamine under the various process parameters such as temperature, feed flow rate and mass of the adsorbent. Statistical design of experiments was carried out in order to analysis the effect process parameters on the capacity of CO2 capture in packed bed column. The obtained results show that feed flow rate has the significant affect compared to others. The maximum of 956 mg of CO2 is captured under the following operating conditions; temperature of 40oC, feed flow rate of 30 ml/min and 0.25 g of the Poly-(D) glucosamine. The ability of Poly-(D) glucosamine to capture the CO2 in packed bed column is confirmed.

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