Introduction of Environmental Measures in the Heat Power Industry of the Central Ecological Zone of the Baikal Natural Territory

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. 20-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.G. Saneev ◽  
I.Yu. Ivanova ◽  
E.P. Maysyuk ◽  
T.F. Tuguzova
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Economic Assessment ◽  
Heat Sources ◽  
Energy Prices ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Carrier Medium ◽  
Environmental Measures ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Town

Presented the results of calculations of emissions of pollutants into the atmosphere from heat sources and their comparison with the permissible values for Lake Baikal basins. The ecological ranging of the territory made it possible to determine the areas of greatest emissions: Slyudyansky, North Baikal and the town of Severobaikalsk. As potential directions to reduce anthropogenic impact from heat source proposed: improving the system for cleaning off gases: transition to more environmentally friendly energy carrier medium, as well as renewable energy sources. For each of the directions of environmental protection measures, the areas of rational use were identified and the reduction of emissions of harmful substances into the atmosphere during their implementation. Considered only the possible environmental effect from the introduction of particular direction to reduce the impact on the atmosphere of thermal power facilities, without taking into account the technical and economic assessment of environmental measures, the identification of legislative measures, the development of preferential tariffs, energy prices and other financial and economic mechanisms.

scholarly journals THE PARADIGM OF ECONOMIC ENERGY SECURITY BY ORIENTATION ON RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES

2020 ◽  
pp. 114-125
Author(s):  
Tetyana DERKACH ◽  
Denys CHEBANENKO
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
National Economy ◽  
Energy Security ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Sector ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Prices ◽  
Equal Distribution ◽  
The Impact

Introduction. The topic of renewable energy today is one of the most relevant and requires consideration from the point of view of all components of this process, namely economic, financial, environmental, technological, and others. The transition to renewable energy is already irreversible today since natural resources are depleted, fuel prices are the subject to significant fluctuations, and the stable growth of the national economy is ensured by energy security. The purpose. The purpose of the article is to analyze the volume of global energy consumption, to analyze the impact of the introduction of renewable energy sources on the development of the national economy, to ensure energy security with the depletion of hydrocarbon resources and a slight diversification of their suppliers. Results. Today the Ukrainian economy is the most energy-intensive. Unstable energy prices are a threat both to the global economy and to each country separately. Therefore, in the event of a decrease in the supply of traditional energy resources, the importing countries experience the greatest difficulties. The existing tendency in Ukraine to increase the consumption of traditional energy sources, combined with the absence of a targeted policy aimed at reducing the volume of environmental pollution, will lead to an increase in negative economic consequences. The advantage of renewable energy sources is their equal distribution throughout the country (with the exception of water resources). This feature leads to the formation of one of the main characteristics of power systems based on renewable energy sources, namely, their decentralization. It should be borne in mind that the world energy market is made up of state and non-state participants. Non-state participants are showing an upward trend. However, the state should have the greatest influence on the national energy sector. Renewable energy is an area that, in the Ukrainian context, depends on state support, namely economic and administrative incentives. The dynamics of the development of renewable energy should be combined with the balanced development of the fuel and energy sector in Ukraine. Conclusions. The process of development and transition to renewable energy needs a systematic approach. Both qualitative and quantitative approaches are needed to assess the transition to renewable energy. An effective strategy for the transition to the introduction of renewable energy technologies should be justified by economic feasibility. The transition from traditional energy to renewable sources should lead to energy security, which contributes to stable economic growth, political independence, and improving the quality of the environmental component.

Cash is King - Repurposing Marginal Assets to Reduce Floating LNG CAPEX

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth Shane Tierling
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Investment Decision ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Business Case ◽  
Capital Cost ◽  
Minimum Size ◽  
Energy Prices ◽  
Global Energy ◽  
The Impact

Objective / Scope With renewable energy sources not currently able to move energy around the globe and forming small portions of the total global energy supply, it has fallen upon hydrocarbon sources to form the backbone of global energy movements. Hence, the recent energy demand decline, along with policy, have disproportionately impacted world-wide petroleum and LNG pricing. The impact on Floating LNG has been a heightened demand for capital efficiency, required to achieve final investment decision. A business case specific means of reducing FLNG CAPEX, has been repurposing marginal assets. Starting with a breakdown of the cost components of an FLNG facility, this paper will provide examples of the inclusion of preexisting assets into FLNG projects to reduce capital cost. The paper will wrap up with other opportunities for cost savings, to stimulate thought. Methods, Procedures, Process Floating LNG (FLNG) technologies have been deployed to monetize mid-sized offshore gas reservoirs, avoiding constructing a sub-sea gas pipeline to a land-based LNG facility and export jetty. Containing the processing to an oceanic environment also reduces the impact on indigenous peoples as well as terrestrial flora and fauna. FLNG facilities also have the potential of serving multiple offshore fields over the life of the facility, thereby reducing the minimum size field that can be economically monetized. Interest in FLNG continues, despite the current slump in energy prices, however these challenging times are refocusing efforts on reducing the capital cost of FLNG. This paper will explore recent capital cost trends in LNG, with a focus on floating LNG, examples of realized opportunities to reduce CAPEX, and further scope for reductions. Results, Observations, Conclusions The readers will take-away from this paper a deeper understanding of: Recent trends in CAPEX for LNG, and specifically FLNG Where significant opportunities lie for cost reduction Examples of the reuse and repurposing of marginal assets to reduce cost of FLNG facilities Areas to be explored for future capital reduction Novel / Additive Information This paper pulls together disparate threads into a coherent whole, providing visualization of the trends and examples of realized opportunities.

scholarly journals Efficiency Reduction in Stirling Engines Resulting from Sinusoidal Motion

Energies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2887 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salvatore Ranieri ◽  
Gilberto Prado ◽  
Brendan MacDonald
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Heat Sources ◽  
Sinusoidal Motion ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Stirling Engines ◽  
Isothermal Analysis ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Alpha Type ◽  
The Ideal

Stirling engines have a high potential to produce renewable energy due to their ability to use a wide range of sustainable heat sources, such as concentrated solar thermal power and biomass, and also due to their high theoretical efficiencies. They have not yet achieved widespread use and commercial Stirling engines have had reduced efficiencies compared to their ideal values. In this work we show that a substantial amount of the reduction in efficiency is due to the operation of Stirling engines using sinusoidal motion and quantify this reduction. A discrete model was developed to perform an isothermal analysis of a 100cc alpha-type Stirling engine with a 90 ∘ phase angle offset, to demonstrate the impact of sinusoidal motion on the net work and thermal efficiency in comparison to the ideal cycle. For the specific engine analyzed, the maximum thermal efficiency of the sinusoidal cycle was found to have a limit of 34.4%, which is a reduction of 27.1% from Carnot efficiency. The net work of the sinusoidal cycle was found to be 65.9% of the net work from the ideal cycle. The model was adapted to analyze beta and gamma-type Stirling configurations, and the analysis revealed similar reductions due to sinusoidal motion.

scholarly journals Ecological and economic mechanism for the formation of environmental measures in the gas extraction constructions

2019 ◽  
Vol 91 ◽  
pp. 08014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena V. Voskresenskaya ◽  
Lybov G. Vorona-Slivinskaya ◽  
Vitaly Snetkov ◽  
Anatolii Ponomarenko
Keyword(s):  
Economic Assessment ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Survey Development ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Economic Mechanism ◽  
Management Processes ◽  
Methodological Improvement ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
Environmental Measures

The disturbed balance of the “society-nature” system has led to the fact that the production of output usually involves environmental pollution. The reason is that most technological processes are far from perfect and involve formation of intermediate substances or end products that do not participate in further production process and consequently become waste. Therefore, the authors analyze the methodological approaches of integrated environmental and economic assessment of environment protection measures during the construction of gas industry facilities, which is a relevant issue in terms of ecology. The authors claim that the extraction of fuel and energy resources disrupt the biogeocoenosises’ components during the survey, development and exploitation of deposits, leading to the manifestation of dangerous natural management processes and destruction of flora and fauna. Therefore, the environmental-economic mechanism for the formation of environmental measures during the construction of gas facilities should be improved within the framework of the strategy of sustainable economic development of society and ensuring its environmental safety. Analysis of methods for assessing the environmental and economic impact of gas industry enterprises on the environment has shown that enterprises need further instrumental and methodological improvement.

scholarly journals CFD analysis of the combustion in the BERL burner fueled with a hydrogen-natural gas mixture

2020 ◽  
Vol 197 ◽  
pp. 10002
Author(s):  
Tommaso Capurso ◽  
Vito Ceglie ◽  
Francesco Fornarelli ◽  
Marco Torresi ◽  
Sergio M. Camporeale
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Combustion Model ◽  
Gas Mixture ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Radial Temperature ◽  
The Impact

The regulatory restrictions, currently acting, impose a significant reduction of the Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions. After the coal-to-gas transition of the last decades, the fossil fuel-to-renewables switching is the current perspective. However, the variability of energy production related to Renewable Energy Sources requires the fundamental contribution of thermal power plants in order to guaranty the grid stability. Moving toward a low-carbon society, the industry is looking at a reduction of high carbon content fuels, pointing to Natural Gas (NG) and more recently to hydrogen-NG mixtures. In this scenario, a preliminary study of the BERL swirled stabilized burner is carried out in order to understand the impact of blending natural gas with hydrogen on the flame morphology and CO emissions. Preliminary 3D CFD simulations have been run with the purpose to assess the best combination of combustion model (Non Premixed and Partially Premixed Falmelets), turbulence model (Realizable k ɛ and the Reynolds Stress equation model) and chemical kinetic mechanism (GriMech3.0, GriMech 1.2 and Frassoldati). The numerical results of the BERL burner fueled with natural gas have been compared with experimental data in terms of flow patterns, radial temperature profiles, O2, CO and CO2 concentrations. Finally, a 30% hydrogen in natural gas mixture has been considered, keeping fixed the thermal power output of the burner and the global equivalence ratio.

Impact of a trigeneration power system fuelled by vegetable oil on environmental air pollution by numerical simulations

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (7) ◽  
pp. 1200-1213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo Iodice ◽  
Massimo Cardone
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Power System ◽  
Numerical Simulations ◽  
Vegetable Oil ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
The Impact

In the most recent years, renewable sources are becoming increasingly crucial owing to both the stocks of fossil fuels being depleted and environmental problems around the globe. This study describes the environmental assessment of thermal power plant-based trigeneration systems fuelled by renewable energy sources for district heating/cooling system. First, the paper examines the thermal and refrigeration requests of a possible new urban area with electricity, cooling and heating provided by a new trigeneration power system; this study is performed considering a trigeneration plant based on the internal combustion engines fuelled by renewable vegetable oil. Subsequently, a numerical assessment is achieved in order to evaluate the environmental impact on the neighboring area of the trigeneration system. The results of these numerical simulations show that the impact of this power plant on air quality state is not significant in this area. As a result, this kind of trigeneration power system can significantly support the cause of sustainable development and energy efficiency.

Uticaj tržišnih cena električne energije na isplativost buduće reverzibilne hidroelektrane u Srbiji

2021 ◽  
Vol XXIII (4) ◽  
pp. 23-30
Author(s):  
Radoš Čabarkapa ◽  
◽  
Vladimir Šiljkut ◽  
Danilo Komatina ◽  
Miroslav Tomašević
Keyword(s):  
Electricity Market ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Pollution Prevention ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Hydropower Plant ◽  
Electricity Prices ◽  
The Impact

Deregulation in the power sector, liberalization of the electricity market, tendency to connect markets across Europe, introduction of incentives for construction and use of renewable energy sources (RES) and - consequently - their increasing presence in electricity systems, have taken a decisive impact on wholesale electricity prices. In addition, the introduction of CO2 taxes has further increased overall electricity prices. On the other hand, it reduced the profits of fossil fuel thermal power plants (TPPs). Also, in order to meet the prescribed requirements in the field of environmental protection, TPPs must apply pollution prevention systems that are very expensive, both in terms of investment and exploitation. As an alternative, investments in the hydro sector should be considered. However, this option is characterized by other issues; In contrast to the long-term construction and exploitation of hydro capacity, there are fluctuations in electricity prices on the day-ahead market which affect the work schedule and revenues of these facilities. To investigate this problem, hourly and daily prices in the regional electricity market were analysed. Trends in wholesale electricity prices on the day-ahead market have been determined. Their relevant values were estimated and used as one of the sets of input data for cost-benefit analysis and sensitivity analysis of the case study - future reversible hydropower plant (RHPP) "Bistrica". The impact of fluctuations in electricity prices on the day-ahead market was emphasized. The aim of this research was to draw a conclusion as to whether the movement of these prices is in favour of the construction of possible RHPPs in Serbia. Based on the conducted analyses, it can be concluded that the upward trend in the level of wholesale electricity prices (which began in 2019 and is expected to continue in the future considering the EU regulatory policy regarding CO2 emissions taxes) may positively affect the profitability of investment in RHE Bistrica (i.e. to shorten the payback period), but not so dramatically, since with the increase in electricity prices, the costs for pumping also increase.

Experimental and Numerical Study on Optimizing the Dry Low NOx Micromix Hydrogen Combustion Principle for Industrial Gas Turbine Applications

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Harald H. W. Funke ◽  
Jan Keinz ◽  
Karsten Kusterer ◽  
Anis Haj Ayed ◽  
Masahide Kazari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Flame Structure ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Hydrogen Combustion ◽  
Nox Emissions ◽  
Fuel Injectors ◽  
The Impact

Combined with the use of renewable energy sources for its production, hydrogen represents a possible alternative gas turbine fuel for future low-emission power generation. Due to the difference in the physical properties of hydrogen compared to other fuels such as natural gas, well-established gas turbine combustion systems cannot be directly applied to dry low NOx (DLN) hydrogen combustion. The DLN micromix combustion of hydrogen has been under development for many years, since it has the promise to significantly reduce NOx emissions. This combustion principle for air-breathing engines is based on crossflow mixing of air and gaseous hydrogen. Air and hydrogen react in multiple miniaturized diffusion-type flames with an inherent safety against flashback and with low NOx emissions due to a very short residence time of the reactants in the flame region. The paper presents an advanced DLN micromix hydrogen application. The experimental and numerical study shows a combustor configuration with a significantly reduced number of enlarged fuel injectors with high-thermal power output at constant energy density. Larger fuel injectors reduce manufacturing costs, are more robust and less sensitive to fuel contamination and blockage in industrial environments. The experimental and numerical results confirm the successful application of high-energy injectors, while the DLN micromix characteristics of the design point, under part-load conditions, and under off-design operation are maintained. Atmospheric test rig data on NOx emissions, optical flame-structure, and combustor material temperatures are compared to numerical simulations and show good agreement. The impact of the applied scaling and design laws on the miniaturized micromix flamelets is particularly investigated numerically for the resulting flow field, the flame-structure, and NOx formation.

Clean Energy, a Sine Qua Non Condition for Sustainable Development

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 49-58
Author(s):  
Georgeta Soava ◽  
Anca Mehedintu ◽  
Mircea Raduteanu
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Analysis Tool ◽  
Energy Prices ◽  
Renewable Sources ◽  
The Impact

Starting from the reality that Europe is in full transition, the aim of this study is to carry out an analysis to determine the contribution of renewable energy sources to primary energy production and also to determine the impact of the increase in the share of renewable energy on energy prices, on the economy. The study is based on the 2011 – 2015 information taken from the most recent studies conducted at EU and Romanian level on action plans on renewable energy sources and energy efficiency. On the basis of the data collected, the analysis focused on the share of renewable energy sources in energy production and primary energy production from renewable sources divided by individual sources and the structure of consumption on the main activities of the national economy to see how various factors influence the future of clean energy and the impact on energy prices. For analysis, a dynamic analysis tool was used, the Risk module in the Palisade software package, which through a series of simulations allows combining the identified uncertainties. The results of the analysis and simulations carried out made highlight the best scenarios of increasing the share of renewable sources in energy production, to lower energy prices and to sustainable economic growth.

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