Bionomics of the Crapemyrtle Aphid (Homoptera: Aphididae)2

1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 445-457 ◽  
Author(s):  
David R. Alverson ◽  
R. Ken Allen
Keyword(s):  
South Carolina ◽  
Maximum Density ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Seasonal Abundance ◽  
Sharp Decline ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Early Fall ◽  
Predator Complex ◽  
Laboratory Time ◽  
Aphid Populations

Populations of the crapemyrtle aphid, Tinocallis kahawaluokalani (Kirkaldy), in South Carolina develop from overwintering eggs which are distributed near new emerging leaves. Seasonal abundance is typically bimodal and locally concurrent within a season, but without consistency in timing or intensity of occurrence between seasons or host plant cultivars. On leaves of Lagerstoemia indica L. (‘Carolina Beauty’ [CB]) in the laboratory, time of development was temperature-dependent, requiring 14 d for development through four instars to the adult at 18° C, 6 d at 26° C, and 5 d at 32° C. Longevity of adult virginoparae was ca. 17 d, 13 d, and 8 d, at these temperatures, respectively, and was at least as long on leaves of the apparently less susceptible ‘Natchez’ (N) cultivar. Fecundity was greatest at 18° and 26° C, averaging 56 and 61 offspring/female, respectively, on CB leaves and 54 and 71 offspring/female on N leaves. Fecundity declined sharply to 27 and 18 offspring/female on CB and N, respectively, at 32° C. Maximum daily fecundity rates were attained within 5 d of adult reproductive age on both host cultivars, then declined at temperature-dependent rates. Male and female sexuales were produced in early fall as mixed progeny with sexuparae at a ratio of 12.2: 9.7: 3.5 sexuparae: oviparae: males. Longevity of males was 7 d; oviparae lived 8 d and produced 1 to 6 eggs each. Syrphids and coccinellids were principle components of the predator complex associated with dynamics in the crapemyrtle aphid populations. Population dynamics in the absence of predators was characterized by a maximum density of ca. 200 aphids/leaf on CB attainable within 5 wk of inoculation with a single aphid followed by a sharp decline. Population development potential decreased as the season progressed. A braconid, Lysiphlebus testaceipes (Cresson) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), reared from mummies of the crapemyrtle aphid in a greenhouse, constitutes the first reported parasitoid.

Macroinfauna of Northern New England marine sand. IV. Infaunal ecology of Amphiporeia virginiana Shoemaker, 1933 (Crustacea: Amphipoda)

1979 ◽  
Vol 57 (8) ◽  
pp. 1511-1519 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard P. Hager ◽  
Robert A. Croker
Keyword(s):  
South Carolina ◽  
New England ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Fine Sand ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Breeding Period ◽  
Population Fluctuations ◽  
Marine Sand ◽  
Annual Population ◽  
Early Fall

Amphiporeia virginiana occurs from Nova Scotia to South Carolina where it is a dominant inhabitant of high energy sand beaches. Maximum abundance occurs on the lower foreshore in fine sand particularly during summer months. Within-habitat segregation of sexes occurs, with females more abundant at higher beach levels; ovigerous females are confined to higher levels only. Annual population fluctuations of up to 14-fold on a geometric basis are related to life history events and sedimentary changes. Breeding occurs during most of the year with peak recruitment during June and late summer to early fall, yielding summer and overwintering generations. Precopulating animals are commonly seen swimming, with two males per female occasionally evident. Females produce a mean of 6–11 eggs during the year and have one brood per breeding period. The species is a detritivore and generally inhabits the upper 2.5 cm of sand. It is most tolerant of salinities in the range of 25–35‰; mortality increases rapidly in salinities less than 20‰, and in sediments containing less than 11% water by weight exposed to temperatures simulating hot summer days.

Distribution, Growth, and Seasonal Abundance of Hyalella azteca (Amphipoda) in Relation to Sediment Microflora

1970 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 685-699 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barry T. Hargrave
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Sediment Cores ◽  
Hyalella Azteca ◽  
Maximum Density ◽  
Seasonal Abundance ◽  
Juvenile Survival ◽  
Substrate Choice ◽  
Deposit Feeding ◽  
The Vertical Distribution

Growth, density, and body size of the deposit-feeding amphipod Hyalella azteca, and its food, epibenthic algae, and sediment microflora, were greatest in shallow-water areas of Marion Lake. The vertical distribution of Hyalella was limited to the upper 2 cm of sediment cores. Highest concentrations of sedimentary chlorophyll and lowest concentrations of nondigestible ligninlike material also occurred at the sediment surface.In laboratory substrate-choice experiments, Hyalella differentiated between sediments with different concentrations of microorganisms, and growth depended upon the quantity of microflora in the diet. In Marion Lake, increased growth of Hyalella during June was independent of temperature and closely correlated with increased rates of epibenthic primary production.Egg production, related to body size in a nonlinear manner, began during May as growth rates increased. As a combined result of egg production and juvenile survival, the maximum density of Hyalella in Marion Lake was reached in August.

SEASONAL ABUNDANCE OF RED AND GREEN MORPHS OF THE TOBACCO APHID (HOMOPTERA: APHIDIDAE) ON FLUE-CURED TOBACCO IN GEORGIA

1989 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 531-538 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert M. McPherson
Keyword(s):  
High Temperatures ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Aphid Population ◽  
Seasonal Abundance ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Early Season ◽  
Myzus Nicotianae ◽  
Aphid Populations ◽  
Tobacco Aphid

The seasonal abundance of red and green morphs of the tobacco aphid, Myzus nicotianae Blackman, was investigated on flue-cured tobacco in Georgia during 1987–1988. The effect of tobacco transplantation date also was examined in 1988. Aphid populations peaked on tobacco in mid-June 1987, then rapidly declined following the removal of the terminal floral branch (topping). Early season samples contained both green and red morphs; however, by early June, and throughout the remainder of the season, the aphid population was almost exclusively comprised of the red morph. Similar results were obtained in 1988, although population densities were higher and peaked earlier in the early transplanting (30 March) compared to the 14 April and 28 April transplantings. Regardless of transplanting date, the red morphs began a rapid population increase about 45 days after transplantation, and this increase continued until plants were topped. Daily high temperatures exceeding 35°C did not appear detrimental to the red morphs in these field experiments.

Seasonal Abundance and Population Dynamics of a Bamboo Aphid, Takecallis arundinaria (Homoptera: Aphididae)

1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 526-534 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark A. Coffelt ◽  
Peter B. Schultz
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Woody Plant ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Seasonal Abundance ◽  
Alternate Host ◽  
Woody Plant Species ◽  
Aphid Populations

The anholocyclic life cycle of the aphid Takecallis arundinaria (Essig) on golden stem bamboo, Phyllostachys aurea (Carrie're) was investigated in 1987 – 1988. Aphid populations peaked from March – May, declined from June – October, and peaked again in December. Aphid population dynamics were strongly influenced by climatic conditions. When aphid populations were at constant or rising levels, significantly more nymphs were found in the southern and eastern quadrants, than in the northern and western quadrants. This directionality may have allowed T. arundinaria populations to be exposed to increased sunlight and decreased winds during the winter and early spring periods. Alate viviparae had a mean fecundity of 147 nymphs and a longevity of 46.5 days. Predators were few and no parasites were found. An alternate host study revealed no aphids on yellow sticky traps placed on nine woody plant species.

Seasonal abundance ofNeoechinorhynchus cylindratustaken from largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) in a heated reservoir

Parasitology ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 355-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Eure
Keyword(s):  
South Carolina ◽  
Largemouth Bass ◽  
Micropterus Salmoides ◽  
Fish Host ◽  
Seasonal Abundance ◽  
Seasonal Incidence ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Savannah River Plant ◽  
Heated Area ◽  
Principal Factors

Samples of largemouth bass were collected from Par Pond located on the Energy Research and Development Administration's Savannah River Plant in Aiken, South Carolina, from June 1972 to May 1973 inclusive. The sampling stations reflected water temperatures which were both normal and greater than 10°C above normal for the area. The acanthocephalanNeoechinorhynchus cylindratuswas the dominant species found in the bass sampled. Incidences of infection for this parasite were generally greater than 95% regardless of location. A pronounced seasonal cycling pattern in the intensity of infection was noted in both thermal regions. Significant differences, however, in the mean density ofN. cylindratusper host in fish taken from the heated area as compared with unheated areas were noted.Turnover in the acanthocephalan population was measured by following the percentage of individuals less than 2 mm long. Fall proved to be the most intense parasite recruitment season, followed by maturation of the parasite and subsequent loss from the fish host.The principal factors responsible for the seasonal incidence and intensity patterns are considered to be changes in the fish feeding behaviour and annual temperature regimes.

Quantitative relationships between postlarval production and benthic recruitment in lobsters, Homarus americanus

1997 ◽  
Vol 48 (8) ◽  
pp. 729 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lewis S. Incze ◽  
Richard A. Wahle ◽  
J. Stanley Cobb
Keyword(s):  
Rhode Island ◽  
Annual Variation ◽  
Gulf Of Maine ◽  
Homarus Americanus ◽  
Seasonal Abundance ◽  
Moult Cycle ◽  
American Lobster ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Dependent Growth ◽  
Island Sound

Relationships between lobster postlarval supply and benthic recruitment were evaluated within and between oceanographically distinct segments of the range of the American lobster. Postlarvae (PL) were sampled by neuston nets in western Rhode Island Sound and the western Gulf of Maine, USA, from June to September 1989–95. Benthic lobsters were sampled in sublittoral cobble habitat by using a diver-operated airlift at the end of the settlement season. Average annual recruitment densities of young-of-year (YOY) lobsters ranged from 0.3 to 1.7 m-2. YOY recruitment was positively correlated between areas. Integrated seasonal abundance of postlarvae was often much greater in Rhode Island than Maine, but production estimates (PL 1000 m-2 season-1), calculated from moult cycle stages and temperature-dependent growth rates, differed by a factor of <0.5. PL production was positively correlated between areas and explained ≥81% of the annual variation in recruitment in each area and 90% for the two areas combined. In Maine, among-site differences in YOY recruitment persisted for a year after settlement and then began to lessen, at least in part because larger individuals moved into areas of initially lower recruitment

Comment: A problem in extracting structure information from the temperature of maximum density for aqueous solutions

1977 ◽  
Vol 55 (5) ◽  
pp. 798-799 ◽  
Author(s):  
James R. Kuppers
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Solution Structure ◽  
Maximum Density ◽  
Reference State ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Structure Information ◽  
Ideal State ◽  
Structural Contribution ◽  
Temperature Of Maximum Density ◽  
Temperature Dependent Properties

The shift in the temperature of maximum density for aqueous solutions customarily has been dissected into an ideal and a structural contribution. This analysis demonstrates that the dissection leads to the formulation of an ideal state which is attained by a fortuitous superposition of temperature dependent properties of pure components and, hence, cannot serve as a reliable reference state for comparing the influence of different solutes upon solution structure.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document