Reproductive Biology of Ceutorhynchus obstrictus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) on Wild and Cultivated Brassicaceae in Southern Alberta

2003 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 533-544 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew S. Fox ◽  
Lloyd M. Dosdall
Keyword(s):  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Ovary Development ◽  
Infestation Level ◽  
Apparent Discrepancy ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Early Season ◽  
Ceutorhynchus Obstrictus ◽  
Wild Host ◽  
Southern Alberta ◽  
Pan Traps

Mated and gravid status were assessed for early-season populations of Ceutorhynchus obstrictus (Marsham) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) on wild and cultivated Brassicaceae in southern Alberta, Canada. Mated female C. obstrictus were found in the first samples examined (22 May 2001). At least 84% of C. obstrictus dispersing to wild host sites up to 23 May 2001 (captured using yellow pan traps) were males. Females of C. obstrictus with at least one egg in the lateral oviducts were first encountered on 6, 8 and 18 June 2001 on Descurainia sophia (L.) Webb, Sinapis arvensis L., and Cardaria spp., (Brassicaceae), respectively. Females on S. arvensis, a true host with pods that can sustain larvae, had more robust ovary development than females on Cardaria spp. and D. sophia, food hosts with pods that cannot sustain larvae. The most fecund sample (n = 30) from S. arvensis was collected on 24 June 2001 when 80% of females had a mean of 7.2 ± 2.7 (±SD) eggs in the lateral oviducts. The most fecund full samples (n = 30) from Cardaria spp. and D. sophia had 6.7% and 40.0%, respectively, of females with at least one egg in the lateral oviducts, and an overall maximum of four eggs in the lateral oviducts per female. There is no apparent reproductive advantage to C. obstrictus in developing eggs on early-season food hosts, although food hosts likely play an important role in sustaining C. obstrictus until true hosts are encountered. Although gravid status was high in females on S. arvensis, this host supported relatively few larvae. The highest infestation level of C. obstrictus per sample of S. arvensis pods in 2001 was 13.5% (n = 891 pods) based on the presence of eggs, larvae, and exit holes. A sample of volunteer Brassica napus L. (Brassicaceae) pods (n = 100) had a 77% infestation level. The apparent discrepancy between the relatively robust gravid status of C. obstrictus on S. arvensis, and low pod infestation, was explained as a combination of factors that likely include an inherent unsuitability of wild S. arvensis pods for C. obstrictus. However, given the wide distribution of S. arvensis in southern Alberta, this wild true host would likely maintain low populations of C. obstrictus in the absence of volunteer and spring-seeded cultivated hosts.

Microctonus melanopus (Ruthe) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), a Parasitoid of Adult Cabbage Seedpod Weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae): Distribution in Southern Alberta and Female Diagnosis

2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 350-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew S. Fox ◽  
Scott R. Shaw ◽  
Lloyd M. Dosdall ◽  
Byron Lee
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
North America ◽  
Oilseed Crop ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Canadian Prairies ◽  
Ceutorhynchus Obstrictus ◽  
Southern Alberta ◽  
Cabbage Seedpod Weevil ◽  
Substantial Control ◽  
North America North

Microctonus melanopus (Ruthe) were reared and dissected from adult cabbage seedpod weevil, Ceutorhynchus obstrictus (Marsham), collected in southern Alberta in 2000 and 2001, and M. melanopus females were collected near Creston, British Columbia in 2001. These collections represent the first records for this European species in Canada. Previously published records of M. melanopus in North America are from the northwestern United States. A first diagnosis for adult female M. melanopus is provided that places M. melanopus in Loan's (1969) key for Microctonus species of North America, north of Mexico. Scanning electron photomicrographs of female morphology are provided to illustrate important diagnostic characters: the mesonotal sculpture with a distinct median longitudinal carina posteriorly, and the sculpture of metasomal tergite 1 with costae distinctly converging posteriorly. It is probable that M. melanopus has long been established in the southern interior of British Columbia because its host, C. obstrictus, has occurred there for many years. The occurrence of M. melanopus in southern Alberta is likely more recent, as its host only recently dispersed to that region. Rates of parasitism of C. obstrictus by M. melanopus, with one exception, were low in southern Alberta (<10%), and only one parasitized weevil was found on spring-seeded Brassica napus L., the primary brassicaceous oilseed crop associated with the weevil on the Canadian prairies. We hypothesize that M. melanopus will not provide substantial control of C. obstrictus in the mixed grassland ecoregion of its new range.

scholarly journals Wheat and Cereal Rye Inter-Row Living Mulches Interfere with Early Season Weeds in Soybean

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2276
Author(s):  
Charles M. Geddes ◽  
Robert H. Gulden
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Arrangement ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Weed Suppression ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Winter Cereal ◽  
Early Season ◽  
Soybean Yield ◽  
Cereal Rye ◽  
Secale Cereale L

Rapid growth of cool-season weeds in the spring exacerbates weed interference during early soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) establishment in northern climates. This study tested the utility of spring-seeded inter-row living mulches in soybean for early season weed suppression using volunteer canola (Brassica napus L.) as a representative model weed species. The effects of the presence or absence of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) or winter cereal rye (Secale cereale L.) living mulches (mulch type) that had been seeded simultaneously with soybean grown using 38 or 76 cm row spacing (spatial arrangement) and the presence or absence of herbicides used for mid-season mulch termination (herbicide regime) were evaluated in three environments in Manitoba, Canada, in 2013 and 2014. Soybean yield was similar in the presence and absence of the living mulches. In the environment that received the lowest precipitation (Carman 2013), the mulches terminated with post-emergence glyphosate resulted in a 55% greater soybean yield compared to the mulches that remained live throughout the growing season. Inter-row mulches that had been living or terminated mid-season reduced volunteer canola seed production by about one-third (up to 9000 seeds m−2). This study demonstrates the utility of wheat or cereal rye inter-row living mulches for enhanced interference with weeds during early soybean establishment.

scholarly journals Fertigation of wheat and canola in southern Alberta

2019 ◽  
Vol 99 (4) ◽  
pp. 536-545 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elwin G. Smith ◽  
Danny G. Le Roy ◽  
Daniel Donkersgoed ◽  
Doon Pauly ◽  
Ross H. McKenzie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Net Returns ◽  
Southern Alberta ◽  
Plant Growth Stages ◽  
Oil Concentration ◽  
Effect On Yield

An irrigation study in southern Alberta compared spring-banded nitrogen (N) to spring-banded N plus fertigation at three plant growth stages for spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and canola (Brassica napus L.). Yield and quality impacts were quantified when N fertigation was applied to (i) wheat at the early tillering, flag leaf, and anthesis stages and (ii) canola at the four-leaf rosette, bolting, and early flowering stages. For both crops, fertigation could replace some spring-banded N without an effect on yield. However, the results revealed that for canola grown with a large amount of N, applying it all in the spring often generated higher yields than if an equivalent amount of N was delivered at later stages by fertigation. Canola oil concentration declined marginally (about 1%) from no applied N to the high rate of applied N. The application of more than 60 kg N ha−1 and delayed application each increased wheat protein content. Comparing revenues to costs, fertigation did not improve profit margins for canola growers. When growers applied 90 or 120 kg N ha−1 in the spring, fertigation was financially counter-productive. In contrast, the main benefit to wheat growers from fertigation was higher grain protein, especially with N applied at later growth stages. When protein premiums increase during the growing season, fertigation would facilitate growers to obtain higher net returns than they would otherwise.

TRAPPING MALE MOTHS OF GRAMMIA BLAKEI (GRT.) (LEPIDOPTERA: ARCTIIDAE) WITH FEMALE-BAITED TRAPS AT GROUND LEVEL

1989 ◽  
Vol 121 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.R. Byers
Keyword(s):  
Great Plains ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Personal Communication ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Washington Dc ◽  
Baited Traps ◽  
Southern Alberta ◽  
Brownish Black

Woolly-bear caterpillars of Grammia blakei (Grt.) are sometimes abundant in early spring on overgrazed native range pastures in southern Alberta and southwestern Saskatchewan, occasionally reaching population densities exceeding 50 per square metre (Byers 1988). Grammia blakei has a wide distribution in the Great Plains and Intermountain regions of western North America. Although the brownish-black caterpillars are quite often abundant, the moths (Fig. l), which are not attracted to food baits or light traps, have been rarely collected and few field-caught specimens are present in collections (D.C. Ferguson, U.S. National Museum, Washington, DC; J.D. Lafontaine, Biosystematics Research Centre, Ottawa, personal communication).

scholarly journals Temporal Polarimetric Behavior of Oilseed Rape (Brassica napus L.) at C-Band for Early Season Sowing Date Monitoring

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (11) ◽  
pp. 10375-10394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao Yang ◽  
Zengyuan Li ◽  
Erxue Chen ◽  
Chunjiang Zhao ◽  
Guijun Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Early Season

Distribution and Abundance of Early-Season Wild Host Plants and Bollworm and Tobacco Budworm Populations (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in an Intensively Cropped Area of the Mid-Delta of Mississippi

1991 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. L. Snodgrass ◽  
E. A. Stadelbacher ◽  
J. W. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Heliothis Virescens ◽  
Helicoverpa Zea ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Tobacco Budworm ◽  
Suitable Habitat ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Washington County ◽  
Early Season ◽  
Wild Host ◽  
Wild Hosts

An intensively cropped area of the Mississippi Delta located in Washington County, Mississippi was sampled to determine distribution and abundance of early-season wild host plants of Heliothis virescens (F.) and Helicoverpa zea (Boddie), and F1 larval populations on them. The area sampled was approximately 6.4 km square with an approximate area of 4,146 ha. Wild host plants were most numerous along roadsides, ditch and field margins, and in small (usually dry) ditches and their margins. The total area of suitable habitat for these wild hosts was estimated as 98.8 ha which represented approximately 2.4% of the total area. Species of Geranium were the most abundant wild hosts found. Helicoverpa zea and Heliothis virescens were estimated to average a combined total of 62 larvae per ha of wild host plants. These data demonstrate that experiments on the control of both pest species on wild hosts on an area-wide basis in the Delta are possible due to the confinement of these pests and their wild host plants to a relatively small area.

Resistance to cabbage seedpod weevil among selected Brassicaceae germplasm

2007 ◽  
Vol 139 (5) ◽  
pp. 658-669 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Cárcamo ◽  
O. Olfert ◽  
L. Dosdall ◽  
C. Herle ◽  
B. Beres ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Tests ◽  
Sinapis Alba ◽  
Camelina Sativa ◽  
Cultivar Development ◽  
Ceutorhynchus Obstrictus ◽  
Southern Alberta ◽  
Glucosinolate Profile ◽  
Crop Development ◽  
Cabbage Seedpod Weevil ◽  
Greenhouse Tests

AbstractBrassicaceae germplasm (Brassica napus L., Brassica rapa L., Brassica juncea (L.) Czern., Brassica carinata A. Braun, Sinapis alba L., Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz, Crambe species) with cultivar development potential for the prairies was evaluated for resistance to cabbage seedpod weevil (Ceutorhynchus obstrictus (Marsham) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)) infestation under field conditions in southern Alberta from 2001 to 2005. Relative susceptibilities were as follows: B. rapa and B. napus > B. juncea = B. carinata > S. alba. Although some of the germplasm evaluated varied within species in terms of glucosinolate profile, erucic acid level, oil content, and plant height, none of these factors appeared to influence the degree of C. obstrictus damage. A subset of this germplasm was also evaluated in the greenhouse. Although the canola species B. rapa sustained the highest level of damage in the field tests, it was similar to other Brassica genotypes in the greenhouse. All lines of S. alba were virtually immune to weevil attack in both field and greenhouse tests, regardless of glucosinolate profile, suggesting that other factors confer resistance in this species. Synchrony of crop development with weevil activity in the field explains some of the variability in damage observed among genotypes and illustrates the importance of combining field and greenhouse studies when assessing resistance.

WOOLLY-BEAR CATERPILLARS OF GRAMMIA BLAKEI (GRT.) (LEPIDOPTERA: ARCTIIDAE) — AN OCCASIONAL PEST OF NATIVE RANGE PASTURES AND ADJACENT CROPS IN SOUTHERN ALBERTA AND SOUTHWESTERN SASKATCHEWAN

1988 ◽  
Vol 120 (10) ◽  
pp. 927-935 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.R. Byers
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Historical Records ◽  
Native Range ◽  
Early Season ◽  
Summer Diapause ◽  
Southern Alberta ◽  
Dicotyledonous Plants

AbstractThe woolly-bear caterpillars of Grammia (= Apantesis) blakei (Grt.) are sometimes abundant on native range pastures in the short-grass region of southern Alberta and southwestern Saskatchewan and occasionally cause early season damage to adjacent cultivated crops. The larvae overwinter as mid- to late-instars in protected sites on the soil surface and begin feeding in the spring as soon as new plant growth is available. They are general feeders on both mono- and dicotyledonous plants. Larval densities exceeding 10/m2 were found at several locations from 1982 to 1985 and historical records indicate that densities sometimes exceed 50/m2. The moths are present in late May through June but are rarely observed or collected. In Canada the species is univoltine with a mid-larval summer diapause.

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