scholarly journals THE ROLE OF LEUKOCYTE PROTEINASES IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF INFLAMMATORY PERIODONTAL DISEASES IN PATIENTS WITH METABOLIC SYNDROME SIGNS

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-74
Author(s):  
Viktoriya Miroshnichenko ◽  
Alena Kokoreva ◽  
Anastasiya Safonova
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Inflammatory Process ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Capillary Endothelium ◽  
Elastic Fibers ◽  
Bacterial Invasion ◽  
Tissue Destruction ◽  
Destructive Effect ◽  
Periodontal Tissues

Subject. Despite the constant efforts of practicing physicians and scientists, the prevalence proportion of inflammatory and destructive periodontal diseases in the world is not subsiding. Previously scientists have examined several different theories on the development of pathological conditions in periodontal tissues, ranging problems from the neurotrophic theory of occurrence to the effect of occlusion injury on periodontal tissues. Theories dealing with the influence of specific and non-specific bacterial plaque have also been studied. None of the theories has become reasonable and single valued. It is believed that the mechanism of the development of the disease is complex, autoimmune, damaging primarily collagen, elastic fibers of the capillary endothelium, gingival ligament and bone tissue. Over the past decade, it has been proven that inflammation in periodontal tissues is initiated and proceeds in response to the introduction of pathogenic bacteria. However, it can be said that not all patients develop an inflammatory response to bacterial invasion. The second important factor in the development and progression of the inflammatory-destructive process is the immune response of a particular individual. Scientists have noted the influence of the non-microbial factor and have come to the conclusion that in the surrounding tissues of the inflamed area there are not only enzymes secreted by bacteria, but also leukocyte proteinases, which in turn are mediators of the tissue destruction. Purpose ― to examine the role of leukocyte proteinases in the pathogenesis of inflammatory periodontal diseases. Methodology. The number of indigenous and foreign literature sources dealing with the study of the role of leukocyte proteinases in the development and maintenance of a destructive inflammatory process has been reviewed by us. Conclusion. The role of the aggressive destructive effect of leukocyte proteinases on periodontal tissues has been analyzed. Leukocyte proteinases are mediators of progressive destruction of connective tissue and can be used as markers to assess the severity of the course and predict the development of the inflammatory process in periodontal tissues.

scholarly journals MICRO BIOLOGY OF PERIODONTAL DISEASE- A REVIEW

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jageer Chinna ◽  
Jannat Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Disease Process ◽  
Fusobacterium Nucleatum ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Bacterial Invasion ◽  
Periodontal Pathogens ◽  
Tissue Destruction ◽  
Campylobacter Rectus ◽  
Periodontal Tissues

Periodontal diseases are inflammatory and destructive diseases of the dentogingival complex associated with specific periodontal pathogens inhabiting periodontal pockets. Periodontal diseases lead to damage of the periodontal tissues supporting the teeth (bone and connective tissue) and affect the quality of life of the affected individuals: poor alimentation, tooth loss, social and financial problems. Although it is generally considered that the disease has multifactorial etiology, data show that some specific Gram-negative microorganisms in the subgingival plaque biofilm play a major role in the initiation and progression of periodontitis. Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola and Tannerella forsythia form a consortium in the subgingival biofilm and are regarded as the principal periodontopathogenic bacteria. Other microorganisms that have been implicated as predominant species in the disease process are: Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Prevotella intermedia, Campylobacter rectus, Peptostreptococcus migros, Eikenella corrodens. In periodontitis, the initiation of the disease is the colonization of the tissues by these pathogenic species. The next step is bacterial invasion or invasion by pathogenic products into the periodontal tissues, interactions of bacteria or their substances with host cells, and this directly/indirectly causes degradation of the periodontium, resulting in tissue destruction. Keywords: periodontal disease, periodontal pathogens, microbiology.

scholarly journals MODERN SUBMISSION OF FORMATION, COMPOSITION AND ROLE OF ORAL (DENTAL) BIOFILM IN DEVELOPMENT OF PERIODONTAL DISEASES

2020 ◽  
Vol 73 (8) ◽  
pp. 1761-1764
Author(s):  
Maria O. Stetsyk ◽  
Andriy O. Stetsyk ◽  
Natalia I. Zhero ◽  
Eugene Y. Kostenko ◽  
Svetlana B. Kostenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Oral Biofilm ◽  
Dental Biofilm ◽  
Periodontal Tissues ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Oral Biofilms ◽  
Depth Study

The aim: To investigate current trends in the study of oral biofilm and its control. Materials and methods: A research of 32 literature sources has been made and it has been taken into account that some terminological differences in determining objects of study. Conclusions: Detailed analysis of modern domestic and foreign literature argues the necessity of further in-depth study of oral biofilms. Understanding the ethiological factors and mechanisms of the pathogenesis periodontal tissues inflammatory diseases gives the opportunity to treat targetly by destroying complicated sections of the vital activities and oral biofilm microorganisms relationships.

The impact of the viral-bacterial consortium on occurrence and development of chronic periodontitis

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 84-89
Author(s):  
V. N. Tsarev ◽  
E. A. Yagodina ◽  
T. V. Tsareva ◽  
E. N. Nikolaeva
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Bacterial Consortium ◽  
Progressive Increase ◽  
Bacterial Biofilm ◽  
Herpes Simplex Viruses ◽  
Periodontal Tissues ◽  
Periodontal Inflammation ◽  
Immunological Mechanisms ◽  
The Impact

Relevance. The current theory of specific bacterial biofilm fails explain why a part of patients experiences inflammatory periodontal diseases while the absence of detected specific types of “red complex” bacteria.Purpose. To clarify the microbiological and immunological mechanisms of the influence of the viral and bacterial consortium in the etiology and pathogenesis of inflammatory periodontal diseases.Materials and methods. Articles survey with elements of metanalisis. Literature review based on discussion of research results on the topic of 48 sources including 33 foreign ones.Results. The review provides evidences of the possible participation of viruses of the Herpesviridae family in the development of chronic generalized periodontitis. Evidences for the role of herpes simplex viruses of type 1.2, Epstein-Barr virus, and cytomegalovirus in the development of periodontal inflammation are analyzed. It is proven that all herpesviruses induce the release of proinflammatory cytokines that activate osteoclasts and matrix metalloproteinases, as well as violate antibacterial immune mechanisms. In turn that leads to a progressive increase of periodontal pathogenic bacteria in both the biofilm and periodontal tissues.Conclusion. It is made a conclusion that an active herpetic infection can initiate damage to periodontal tissus and participate in the development of relapses of the disease.

scholarly journals Periodontal Disease and Senescent Cells: New Players for an Old Oral Health Problem?

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (20) ◽  
pp. 7441
Author(s):  
Ruben Aquino-Martinez ◽  
Sundeep Khosla ◽  
Joshua N. Farr ◽  
David G. Monroe
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Dna Damage ◽  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Bacterial Invasion ◽  
Tissue Destruction ◽  
Disease Etiology ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Periodontal Tissues ◽  
Abnormal Accumulation ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

The recent identification of senescent cells in periodontal tissues has the potential to provide new insights into the underlying mechanisms of periodontal disease etiology. DNA damage-driven senescence is perhaps one of the most underappreciated delayed consequences of persistent Gram-negative bacterial infection and inflammation. Although the host immune response rapidly protects against bacterial invasion, oxidative stress generated during inflammation can indirectly deteriorate periodontal tissues through the damage to vital cell macromolecules, including DNA. What happens to those healthy cells that reside in this harmful environment? Emerging evidence indicates that cells that survive irreparable genomic damage undergo cellular senescence, a crucial intermediate mechanism connecting DNA damage and the immune response. In this review, we hypothesize that sustained Gram-negative bacterial challenge, chronic inflammation itself, and the constant renewal of damaged tissues create a permissive environment for the abnormal accumulation of senescent cells. Based on emerging data we propose a model in which the dysfunctional presence of senescent cells may aggravate the initial immune reaction against pathogens. Further understanding of the role of senescent cells in periodontal disease pathogenesis may have clinical implications by providing more sophisticated therapeutic strategies to combat tissue destruction.

scholarly journals Cytokine Expression in Periodontal Health and Disease

1998 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 248-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Okada ◽  
S. Murakami
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Continuous Production ◽  
Tissue Homeostasis ◽  
T Cell Subsets ◽  
Tissue Destruction ◽  
Periodontal Tissues

Soluble proteins that serve as mediators of cell function and are produced by various cell types, such as structural and inflammatory cells, are collectively called cytokines. Several lines of evidence have revealed that cytokines play important roles not only in tissue homeostasis but also in the pathogenesis of many infectious diseases. Recent research on biological activities in normal periodontium and the pathogenesis of periodontal diseases has clarified the involvement of various cytokines in the biological activities observed in the sites. Cytokines play crucial roles in the maintenance of tissue homeostasis, a process which requires a delicate balance between anabolic and catabolic activities. In particular, growth factors-such as fibroblast growth factor (FGF), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), insulin-like growth factor (IGF), transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)—are thought to play important roles in modulating the proliferation and/or migration of structural cells in the periodontium and the production of various extracellular matrices by these cells. On the other hand, there is little doubt that excessive and/or continuous production of cytokines in inflamed periodontal tissues is responsible for the progress of periodontitis and periodontal tissue destruction. Particularly, inflammatory cytokines-such as IL-la, 1L-1β, IL-6, and IL-8-are present in the diseased periodontal tissues, and their unrestricted production seems to play a role in chronic leukocyte recruitment and tissue destruction. It is possible that monitoring cytokine production or its profile may allow us to diagnose an individual's periodontal disease status and/or susceptibility to the disease. In addition, although the hypothesis is still controversial, it has been suggested that discrete T-cell subsets (Thl and Th2) with different cytokine profiles play specific roles in the immunopathogenesis of periodontal diseases.

scholarly journals PORPHYROMONAS GINGIVALIS E PERIODONTITE CRÔNICA - AVANÇOS RECENTES

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor Hugo Rocha Leon ◽  
Ellen Karla Nobre dos Santos-Lima ◽  
Ana Carla Montino Pimentel ◽  
Patricia Mares de Miranda ◽  
Paulo Cirino De Carvalho Filho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Porphyromonas Gingivalis ◽  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Chronic Periodontitis ◽  
Cellular Response ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Tissue Destruction ◽  
Inflammatory State ◽  
Cell Death Mechanisms

Periodontal disease is multifactorial and it affects the tissues surrounding the teeth. Its etiology includes microrganisms as Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. This work aimed to discuss the role of Porphyromonas gingivalis in chronic periodontitis. The electronic bases PubMed, BIREME and SciELO were used to search for historical aspects and studies published between 2000 and 2015, using the following descriptors in Portuguese and English: “Chronic periodontitis, Porphyromonas gingivalis” and “Virulence factors”. 205 articles were found and 24 were included. Records on periodontal diseases from the early civilization to the present day were found. Its prevalence in the world’s population remains high and several studies report the pathogenesis of the disease. P. gingivalis is able to induce humoral and cellular response in infected individuals. Studies on its escape mechanisms and virulence factors report tissue breakdown consequent to immuno-inflammatory exacerbated response in the host which may evolve into edentulism. Studies of the immune response to P. gingivalis suggest its role in perpetuation of the inflammatory state by interfering with cytokines production and cell death mechanisms in the host’s cells, resulting in tissue destruction. The current knowledge about mechanisms of infection and virulence factors of P. gingivalis indicate its role as a key component in chronic periodontitis.

scholarly journals PERIODONTAL DISEASES AND ATHEROSCLEROSIS (LITERATURE REVIEW)

2019 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 462-465
Author(s):  
Iryna S. Dankevych-Kharchyshyn ◽  
Olena M. Vynogradova ◽  
Natalia V. Malko ◽  
Roman M. Gnid ◽  
Andriana P. Skalat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Vascular Disease ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Disease Diagnosis ◽  
Modern Concept ◽  
Bacterial Invasion ◽  
Periodontal Tissue ◽  
Atherosclerotic Vascular Disease ◽  
Periodontal Tissues ◽  
The Relationship

Introduction: The relationship between periodontal diseases and atherosclerosis is addressed in this article. Both these diseases have an inflammatory basis. Because periodontal disease is a risk factor for developing atherosclerotic vascular disease, diagnosis of the former is important. Particular attention must be paid to patients who have periodontal disease with other risk factors for atherosclerotic vascular disease. Recommendations managing these patients have been made included. The aim: The paper is aimed at familiarization of broad medical public with the presence of the relationship between diseases of periodontal tissues and atherosclerosis. Materials and methods: A thorough comprehensive analysis and generalization of scientific achievements elucidated in the fundamental and periodical publications, relating to diseases of the periodontal tissues and atherosclerosis, has been carried out. Review: The article consists of many researchers regarding the prevalence and intensity of periodontal tissue diseases in people of all ages. Problems associated with the state of periodontal tissues in people under study as dentists and general practitioners. Proven role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases of the periodontal tissues in people with atherosclerosis. In the modern concept of the etiology and pathogenesis of periodontal diseases in people is extremely important role for the immune system and resistance to periodontal bacterial invasion. Analyzed common changes important for pathogenesis of periodontal tissue diseases and atherosclerosis. Conclusions: Consequently, recent studies have shown a clear, directly proportional relationship between periodontal tissue diseases and atherosclerosis, but mechanisms for their development and interaction are not fully disclosed.

scholarly journals Can Plant Materials Be Valuable in the Treatment of Periodontal Diseases? Practical Review

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 2185
Author(s):  
Anna Gościniak ◽  
Magdalena Paczkowska-Walendowska ◽  
Agnieszka Skotnicka ◽  
Marek A. Ruchała ◽  
Judyta Cielecka-Piontek
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Ageing Population ◽  
Oral Diseases ◽  
Fruit Peel ◽  
Root Cortex ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Periodontal Tissues

Periodontal diseases are one of the most significant challenges in dental health. It is estimated that only a few percent of the worldwide population have entirely healthy teeth, and according to WHO, oral diseases may affect up to 3.5 billion people worldwide. One of the most serious oral diseases is periodontitis, an inflammatory disease affecting periodontal tissues, caused by pathogenic bacteria and environmental factors such as the ageing population, abuse of tobacco products, and lack of adequate oral hygiene due low public awareness. Plant materials are widely and successfully used in the management of many conditions, including periodontitis. Plant materials for periodontitis exhibit antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant activities and affect the periodontium structure. Numerous studies demonstrate the advantages of phytotherapy for periodontitis relief and indicate the usefulness of Baikal skullcap root, Pomegranate fruit peel and root cortex, Tea leaves, Chamomile flowers, Magnolia bark, Blackberry leaves and fruits, Cranberry fruits and Lippia sidoides essential oil. This review aims to analyze the use and applicability of selected plant materials in periodontitis management since it is of paramount importance to evaluate the evidence of the traditionally used plant materials in light of continuously growing interest in phytotherapy and its adjuvant role in the treatment of periodontitis.

What are microbiological effects of the adjunctive use of probiotics in the treatment of periodontal diseases? A systematic review

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
K.R.V. Villafuerte ◽  
C.J.H. Martinez ◽  
A.V.V. Nobre ◽  
L.P. Maia ◽  
C. Tirapelli
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Lactobacillus Reuteri ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Periodontal Therapy ◽  
Adjunctive Treatment ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Periodontal Tissues

Probiotics have aroused great interest as an adjunctive treatment to periodontal therapy, due to the frequent colonisation by periodontopathogens after therapy. The aim of this systematic review was to analyse in the scientific literature, evidence of the microbiological effects of probiotics as an adjunct to periodontal therapy in the treatment of periodontal diseases (PD). Only randomised controlled trials (RCT), evaluating the microbiological effect of probiotics as an adjunct to periodontal therapy. The authors conducted a search in PubMed/MEDLINE, LILACS, ScienceDirect, Web of Science and Cochrane Library to identify articles published in English until February 2020. The quality of the studies was assessed using the JADAD scale and the risk of bias was assessed according to the Cochrane Collaboration assessment tool. Of the 265 articles potentially relevant to this review, 10 studies were included. The most frequently used probiotic bacteria were those of the genus Lactobacillus spp. and the time of administration of the probiotics was between 14 days to 3 months. Most studies have shown that the adjuvant use of probiotics reduces the total mean counts of gram-negative anaerobic species (Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, Treponema denticola and Prevotella intermedia) and gram-negative coccobacillus (Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans) of subgingival plaque samples. Probiotics adjuvant to periodontal therapy reduces periodontopathogenic species in a greater proportion, compared only to periodontal therapy. Especially the Lactobacillus reuteri strain, without combination with other strains, offered a greater reduction in pathogenic bacteria associated with greater destruction of periodontal tissues and deep periodontal pockets. Researchers should perform high-quality RCT, evaluating single strains without combinations, in order to observe the microbiological benefits as adjunctive treatment of PD.

Role of antimicrobial peptides system in inflammatory periodontal diseases non-specific oral cavity protection

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (7) ◽  
pp. 422-427
Author(s):  
N. V. Davidovich ◽  
N. V. Solovieva ◽  
A. S. Galieva ◽  
S. Yu. Lepeshkin ◽  
E. N. Bashilova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Antimicrobial Peptides ◽  
Chronic Periodontitis ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Periodontal Pathogens ◽  
Local Immunity ◽  
Microbial Invasion

The system of antimicrobial peptides (AMP) is one of the most ancient mechanisms of the macroorganism resistance to infectious pathogens invasion. The aim of the study was to determine the role of the antimicrobial peptides system and periodontal pathogenic markers in the development and progression of inflammatory periodontal diseases. Gingival pocket washes (91 samples in total) for the research were received from patients with inflammatory periodontal diseases (chronic periodontitis and gingivitis) and intact periodontium. Using ELISA, the content of antimicrobial peptides was determined: human alpha-defensin (HNP 1-3), beta-defensin (HBD 1-3) and cathelicidin (LL-37). Periodontal pathogenic markers were isolated during RT-PCR. The study revealed differences in AMP concentrations by groups: level of HBD 2 in patients with chronic periodontitis was 1,36 times higher than those in the group of patients with chronic gingivitis (p=0,023) and 2,39 times higher than those in the control group (p<0,001), the content of HNP 1-3 in the group of patients with chronic periodontitis was reduced by 1,23 times compared with the indicators of the group of patients with gingivitis (p=0,045) and by 1,97 times compared with the indicators of the control group (p<0,001). The frequency of detection of periodontal pathogenic bacteria genes was 88,0% in patients with periodontitis, 76,92% in patients with gingivitis and 33,3% in the group with intact periodontium. HBD 2 content moderately correlated with the definition of P. gingivalis (r=0,612; p=0,022), T. forsythensis (r= 0,434; p=0,015), A. actinomycetemcomitans (r=0,483; p=0,006), a moderate negative correlation was detected between the content of HNP 1-3 and the release of periodontal pathogens in associations (P. gingivalis with T. forsythensis and T. denticola) (r=-0,388; p=0,031) in the group of patients with chronic periodontitis. Thus, the revealed relationships and correlations indicate shifts in the processes of reparative regeneration of the oral cavity and the regulation of local immunity in response to microbial invasion.

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