scholarly journals Can Plant Materials Be Valuable in the Treatment of Periodontal Diseases? Practical Review

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 2185
Author(s):  
Anna Gościniak ◽  
Magdalena Paczkowska-Walendowska ◽  
Agnieszka Skotnicka ◽  
Marek A. Ruchała ◽  
Judyta Cielecka-Piontek
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Ageing Population ◽  
Oral Diseases ◽  
Fruit Peel ◽  
Root Cortex ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Periodontal Tissues

Periodontal diseases are one of the most significant challenges in dental health. It is estimated that only a few percent of the worldwide population have entirely healthy teeth, and according to WHO, oral diseases may affect up to 3.5 billion people worldwide. One of the most serious oral diseases is periodontitis, an inflammatory disease affecting periodontal tissues, caused by pathogenic bacteria and environmental factors such as the ageing population, abuse of tobacco products, and lack of adequate oral hygiene due low public awareness. Plant materials are widely and successfully used in the management of many conditions, including periodontitis. Plant materials for periodontitis exhibit antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant activities and affect the periodontium structure. Numerous studies demonstrate the advantages of phytotherapy for periodontitis relief and indicate the usefulness of Baikal skullcap root, Pomegranate fruit peel and root cortex, Tea leaves, Chamomile flowers, Magnolia bark, Blackberry leaves and fruits, Cranberry fruits and Lippia sidoides essential oil. This review aims to analyze the use and applicability of selected plant materials in periodontitis management since it is of paramount importance to evaluate the evidence of the traditionally used plant materials in light of continuously growing interest in phytotherapy and its adjuvant role in the treatment of periodontitis.

Decreasing Cariogenic Bacteria with a Natural, Alternative Prevention Therapy utilizing Phytochemistry (Plant Extracts)

2011 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y Ramakrishna ◽  
H Goda ◽  
MS Baliga ◽  
AK Munshi
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Oral Microbiota ◽  
Toxic Exposure ◽  
Oral Diseases ◽  
Cariogenic Bacteria ◽  
Traditional Medicines

The association between the oral microbiota and oral diseases is well established. Various antimicrobial agents including antibiotics are commercially available against oral pathogenic bacteria. For the reasons of antibiotic resistance, their adverse effects and financial considerations in the developing countries, there is a need for alternate preventive and curative treatment options that are also safe, effective and economical. Traditional medicines have been used since ancient times for the treatment of oral diseases including dental caries, periodontal diseases that affect the majority of the population and can affect a person's overall health. Natural phytochemicals are certain organic components isolated from plants and some of these extracts are considered to be beneficial to health. They serve as antioxidants, enhance immune response,provide protection against oral cancer and other diseases and also repair DNA damage caused by smoking and other toxic exposure, and detoxify carcinogens. The natural products derived from medicinal plants have proven to be an abundant source of biologically active compounds, many of which have been the basis for the development of new lead chemicals for pharmaceuticals.They are considered to be good alternatives to synthetic chemicals. This article presents a review of natural alternatives derived from plants and plant products that can serve as a prevention and treatment option against cariogenic bacteria.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of nanocrystalline cerium dioxide for secondary prevention of inflammatory periodontal diseases in young individuals with obesity

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 754-761
Keyword(s):  
Cerium Dioxide ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Oral Diseases ◽  
Periodontal Tissues ◽  
Oral Liquid ◽  
Nanocrystalline Cerium Dioxide ◽  
Dmft Index ◽  
Associated Conditions ◽  
Inflammatory Changes ◽  
Oxidation Parameters

Obesity is a non-infectious pandemic, largely associated with oral diseases development. Oxidative stress is one of the crucial mechanisms in the development of inflammatory periodontal diseases in obesity. Nanomedicine is a highly promising to alleviate pbesity and associated conditions. The aim was to study the influence of cerium dioxide nanoparticles on periodontal tissues of patients with diverse values of BMI and assess changes of periodontal tissues. We included 125 young Ukrainian individuals of both sexes (18-22 years old), divided into four groups according to Body mass index (BMI). Initial oral status was detected with index assessment that include the determination of caries intensity by DMFT index, oral hygiene determination (Green-Vermillion index), periodontal tissues (Rateitchak index), PMA (Parma), CPI (Leus), PBI (Saxer and Muhlemann). The periodontograma was completed for all patients. After the initial checkup all examined patients with generalized catarrhal gingivitis were randomly divided into two groups: treated with «Cerera» (the active substance is nanoparticles of cerium dioxide 2-7 nm in concentration of 140 mcg/ml that were stabilized with sodium citrate) per os for 10 drops every day in the morning diluted in 50 ml of water for 10 days and controls. Patients with 1st and 2nd degree obesity have a significantly higher grade of periodontal alteration compared with normal BMI and overweight (values of CPI 1.7±0.9 and 1.66±0.12 vs 1.33±0.11 and 1.42±0.11 respectively). The intensity and the prevalence of gingiva inflammation assessed by PMA and PBI index were significantly higher in obese individuals. In all overweight patients the level of catalase activity was significantly lower than in patients with normal values of BMI. The administration of «Cerera» significantly increased the activity of catalase regardless of BMI, significantly changed the values of gingival inflammation indexes; the severity of inflammatory process became less intensive vs baseline (determined by PBI values before 17.6%±2.1 and 7.8%±2.1 after treatment; in the 4th group the values of PBI had declined significantly by 1.6 times). After the 10 days administration of «Cerera» the content of GAG and fucose in oral liquid of all obese individuals significantly decreased; lipid oxidation parameters decreased in excessive obesity: TBA-active products levels in patients with BMI 35.00-39.99 kg/сm2 dropped down from 53.9±2.11 μmol/L to 47.43±2.29 μmol/L. Cerium dioxide nanoparticles demonstrate high effectiveness against inflammatory changes in periodontal tissues in obese patients. The mechanisms of action of cerium dioxide nanoparticles in the periodontal structures are needed to be precisely determined in further studies.

The impact of the viral-bacterial consortium on occurrence and development of chronic periodontitis

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 84-89
Author(s):  
V. N. Tsarev ◽  
E. A. Yagodina ◽  
T. V. Tsareva ◽  
E. N. Nikolaeva
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Bacterial Consortium ◽  
Progressive Increase ◽  
Bacterial Biofilm ◽  
Herpes Simplex Viruses ◽  
Periodontal Tissues ◽  
Periodontal Inflammation ◽  
Immunological Mechanisms ◽  
The Impact

Relevance. The current theory of specific bacterial biofilm fails explain why a part of patients experiences inflammatory periodontal diseases while the absence of detected specific types of “red complex” bacteria.Purpose. To clarify the microbiological and immunological mechanisms of the influence of the viral and bacterial consortium in the etiology and pathogenesis of inflammatory periodontal diseases.Materials and methods. Articles survey with elements of metanalisis. Literature review based on discussion of research results on the topic of 48 sources including 33 foreign ones.Results. The review provides evidences of the possible participation of viruses of the Herpesviridae family in the development of chronic generalized periodontitis. Evidences for the role of herpes simplex viruses of type 1.2, Epstein-Barr virus, and cytomegalovirus in the development of periodontal inflammation are analyzed. It is proven that all herpesviruses induce the release of proinflammatory cytokines that activate osteoclasts and matrix metalloproteinases, as well as violate antibacterial immune mechanisms. In turn that leads to a progressive increase of periodontal pathogenic bacteria in both the biofilm and periodontal tissues.Conclusion. It is made a conclusion that an active herpetic infection can initiate damage to periodontal tissus and participate in the development of relapses of the disease.

scholarly journals THE ROLE OF LEUKOCYTE PROTEINASES IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF INFLAMMATORY PERIODONTAL DISEASES IN PATIENTS WITH METABOLIC SYNDROME SIGNS

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-74
Author(s):  
Viktoriya Miroshnichenko ◽  
Alena Kokoreva ◽  
Anastasiya Safonova
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Inflammatory Process ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Capillary Endothelium ◽  
Elastic Fibers ◽  
Bacterial Invasion ◽  
Tissue Destruction ◽  
Destructive Effect ◽  
Periodontal Tissues

Subject. Despite the constant efforts of practicing physicians and scientists, the prevalence proportion of inflammatory and destructive periodontal diseases in the world is not subsiding. Previously scientists have examined several different theories on the development of pathological conditions in periodontal tissues, ranging problems from the neurotrophic theory of occurrence to the effect of occlusion injury on periodontal tissues. Theories dealing with the influence of specific and non-specific bacterial plaque have also been studied. None of the theories has become reasonable and single valued. It is believed that the mechanism of the development of the disease is complex, autoimmune, damaging primarily collagen, elastic fibers of the capillary endothelium, gingival ligament and bone tissue. Over the past decade, it has been proven that inflammation in periodontal tissues is initiated and proceeds in response to the introduction of pathogenic bacteria. However, it can be said that not all patients develop an inflammatory response to bacterial invasion. The second important factor in the development and progression of the inflammatory-destructive process is the immune response of a particular individual. Scientists have noted the influence of the non-microbial factor and have come to the conclusion that in the surrounding tissues of the inflamed area there are not only enzymes secreted by bacteria, but also leukocyte proteinases, which in turn are mediators of the tissue destruction. Purpose ― to examine the role of leukocyte proteinases in the pathogenesis of inflammatory periodontal diseases. Methodology. The number of indigenous and foreign literature sources dealing with the study of the role of leukocyte proteinases in the development and maintenance of a destructive inflammatory process has been reviewed by us. Conclusion. The role of the aggressive destructive effect of leukocyte proteinases on periodontal tissues has been analyzed. Leukocyte proteinases are mediators of progressive destruction of connective tissue and can be used as markers to assess the severity of the course and predict the development of the inflammatory process in periodontal tissues.

What are microbiological effects of the adjunctive use of probiotics in the treatment of periodontal diseases? A systematic review

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
K.R.V. Villafuerte ◽  
C.J.H. Martinez ◽  
A.V.V. Nobre ◽  
L.P. Maia ◽  
C. Tirapelli
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Lactobacillus Reuteri ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Periodontal Therapy ◽  
Adjunctive Treatment ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Periodontal Tissues

Probiotics have aroused great interest as an adjunctive treatment to periodontal therapy, due to the frequent colonisation by periodontopathogens after therapy. The aim of this systematic review was to analyse in the scientific literature, evidence of the microbiological effects of probiotics as an adjunct to periodontal therapy in the treatment of periodontal diseases (PD). Only randomised controlled trials (RCT), evaluating the microbiological effect of probiotics as an adjunct to periodontal therapy. The authors conducted a search in PubMed/MEDLINE, LILACS, ScienceDirect, Web of Science and Cochrane Library to identify articles published in English until February 2020. The quality of the studies was assessed using the JADAD scale and the risk of bias was assessed according to the Cochrane Collaboration assessment tool. Of the 265 articles potentially relevant to this review, 10 studies were included. The most frequently used probiotic bacteria were those of the genus Lactobacillus spp. and the time of administration of the probiotics was between 14 days to 3 months. Most studies have shown that the adjuvant use of probiotics reduces the total mean counts of gram-negative anaerobic species (Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, Treponema denticola and Prevotella intermedia) and gram-negative coccobacillus (Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans) of subgingival plaque samples. Probiotics adjuvant to periodontal therapy reduces periodontopathogenic species in a greater proportion, compared only to periodontal therapy. Especially the Lactobacillus reuteri strain, without combination with other strains, offered a greater reduction in pathogenic bacteria associated with greater destruction of periodontal tissues and deep periodontal pockets. Researchers should perform high-quality RCT, evaluating single strains without combinations, in order to observe the microbiological benefits as adjunctive treatment of PD.

scholarly journals APPLICATION OF BACTERIOPHAGES IN INFLAMMATORY PERIODONTAL DISEASE TREATMENT

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-69
Author(s):  
Anastasiya Gannenko ◽  
Viktoriya Miroshnichenko ◽  
Amin Masimov
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
The Body ◽  
Bacterial Disease ◽  
Periodontal Tissues ◽  
Main Thing

Subject. The prevalence of inflammatory periodontal diseases among elderly people, regardless of their gender, ranges from 69 to 98 % worldwide. Periodontitis is a chronic bacterial disease that proceeds with intoxication of the body, thereby causing serious health problems. It has been proven that periodontitis can cause myocardial infarction and habitual miscarriage. Local and systemic treatment of diseases of this pathology is primarily aimed at suppressing pathogenic bacteria. It is obvious that, in the conditions of total antibiotic resistance of microorganisms and a considerable list of contraindications and complications of the antibiotic therapy, the search for new ways to combat them becomes vital. The main thing is that antibiotics disrupt the biological balance of the biopsy of the body which the patient has to restore from several months to several years. Under these conditions, the use of bacteriophages is an extremely promising solution. Bacteriophages are natural antimicrobial highly sensitive medications. They consist of viruses that target a bacterial cell. In these circumstances, bacteriophages do not harm the microbiota of the oral cavity. A literature review on the use of bacteriophages in dentistry for the treatment of inflammatory diseases of periodontal tissues has been conducted by us. The mechanism of action of bacteriophages, the strengths and weaknesses of the use of phage therapy have also been considered. Goal ― to study the use of bacteriophages for the treatment of patients with inflammatory periodontal diseases. Methodology. The literature review of more than 40 scientific sources has been conducted. Conclusion. The use of bacteriophages is a promising issue. Their effectiveness has been confirmed in the treatment of infectious and inflammatory periodontal diseases and diseases of the oral mucosa. They demonstrate high efficiency to improve the hygiene of the oral cavity and reduce inflammation. Being highly targeted viral medications, they act upon a specific bacterium without affecting the natural microbiota of a person.

scholarly journals MODERN DEVELOPMENTS OF NEW TOOTHPASTES WITH ANTI ― INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY FOR THE PERIOD FROM 2017 TO 2019

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 11-18
Author(s):  
Elena Gaysina ◽  
Aleksey Portnyagin ◽  
Tatyana Spitsyna
Keyword(s):  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Inflammatory Activity ◽  
Lauryl Sulfate ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Good Efficiency ◽  
Periodontal Tissues ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Subject. Periodontal disease, according to WHO, is an urgent problem in modern society. The main cause of this group of diseases is poor oral hygiene. Despite the huge number of anti-inflammatory toothpastes, the dynamics of reducing periodontal disease in society is not observed. In the absence of an effective solution to this problem, various complications can arise: pathological mobility, tooth loss, halitosis, the addition of pathogenic microflora with the further development of the inflammatory process. Good hygiene and new effective toothpastes with anti-inflammatory activity will reduce the risk of periodontal disease and improve the condition of the oral mucosa. The goal is to identify and analyze new toothpastes with anti-inflammatory activity. Methodology. A review of 25 publications from the USA, Great Britain, Germany, Spain, Croatia, China, India, Jordan, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and other countries using scientific search library databases: PubMed, Medline, Cochrane, Elibrary. Results. The data of questioning people, clinical trials with "double blinding", which are based on the development and analysis of new toothpastes with anti-inflammatory activity against periodontal tissues, are examined. Conclusions. The most effective toothpastes with anti-inflammatory activity are new developments based on plant materials. However, modern studies indicate a good efficiency in the use of toothpastes with enzymatic activity against periodontal diseases. Also, new toothpastes with quite interesting compositions are currently appearing on the world market: with probiotic, active oxygen, environmentally friendly toothpastes without sodium lauryl sulfate.

scholarly journals Impact of the Diet on the Formation of Oxidative Stress and Inflammation Induced by Bacterial Biofilm in the Oral Cavity

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 1372
Author(s):  
Ilona Rowińska ◽  
Adrianna Szyperska-Ślaska ◽  
Piotr Zariczny ◽  
Robert Pasławski ◽  
Karol Kramkowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Bacterial Flora ◽  
Bacterial Biofilm ◽  
Oral Microbiome ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Oral Diseases ◽  
Periodontal Tissues

The diet is related to the diversity of bacteria in the oral cavity, and the less diverse microbiota of the oral cavity may favor the growth of pathogenic bacteria of all bacterial complexes. Literature data indicate that disturbances in the balance of the bacterial flora of the oral cavity seem to contribute to both oral diseases, including periodontitis, and systemic diseases. If left untreated, periodontitis can damage the gums and alveolar bones. Improper modern eating habits have an impact on the oral microbiome and the gut microbiome, which increase the risk of several chronic diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease, obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease and cancer. The subject of our consideration is the influence of the traditional diet on the formation of oxidative stress and inflammation caused by bacterial biofilm in the oral cavity. Through dental, biomedical and laboratory studies, we wanted to investigate the effect of individual nutrients contained in specific diets on the induction of oxidative stress inducing inflammation of the soft tissues in the oral cavity in the presence of residual supra- and subgingival biofilm. In our research we used different types of diets marked as W, T, B, F and noninvasively collected biological material in the form of bacterial inoculum from volunteers. The analyzed material was grown on complete and selective media against specific strains of all bacterial complexes. Additionally, the zones of growth inhibition were analyzed based on the disc diffusion method. The research was supplemented with dental and periodontological indicators. The research was supplemented by the application of molecular biology methods related to bacterial DNA isolation, PCR reactions and sequencing. Such selected methods constitute an ideal screening test for the analysis of oral bacterial microbiota. The obtained results suggest that certain types of diet can be an effective prophylaxis in the treatment of civilization diseases such as inflammation of the oral cavity along with periodontal tissues and gingival pockets.

scholarly journals Biomaterials, Current Strategies, and Novel Nano-Technological Approaches for Periodontal Regeneration

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giorgio Iviglia ◽  
Saeid Kargozar ◽  
Francesco Baino
Keyword(s):  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Bone Cells ◽  
Calcium Phosphates ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Periodontal Regeneration ◽  
Functionally Graded ◽  
Ageing Population ◽  
Bioactive Materials ◽  
Barrier Materials ◽  
Periodontal Tissues

Periodontal diseases involve injuries to the supporting structures of the tooth and, if left untreated, can lead to the loss of the tooth. Regenerative periodontal therapies aim, ideally, at healing all the damaged periodontal tissues and represent a significant clinical and societal challenge for the current ageing population. This review provides a picture of the currently-used biomaterials for periodontal regeneration, including natural and synthetic polymers, bioceramics (e.g., calcium phosphates and bioactive glasses), and composites. Bioactive materials aim at promoting the regeneration of new healthy tissue. Polymers are often used as barrier materials in guided tissue regeneration strategies and are suitable both to exclude epithelial down-growth and to allow periodontal ligament and alveolar bone cells to repopulate the defect. The problems related to the barrier postoperative collapse can be solved by using a combination of polymeric membranes and grafting materials. Advantages and drawbacks associated with the incorporation of growth factors and nanomaterials in periodontal scaffolds are also discussed, along with the development of multifunctional and multilayer implants. Tissue-engineering strategies based on functionally-graded scaffolds are expected to play an ever-increasing role in the management of periodontal defects.

Comparative analysis of polymorphic variants of IL-17A and MMP-1 genes with the risk of developing chronic periodontitis in petrochemical workers

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (10) ◽  
pp. 687-693
Author(s):  
Iskander I. Zaidullin ◽  
Denis O. Karimov ◽  
Lilija K. Karimova ◽  
Milyausha F. Kabirova ◽  
Rasima R. Galimova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethylene Oxide ◽  
Chronic Periodontitis ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Periodontal Tissues ◽  
Dental Examination ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Harmful Substances

The susceptibility to the development and progression of inflammatory periodontal diseases, which depends on genetic and external factors (smoking, stress, oral hygiene), varies widely. In the development of these diseases, an important role is played not only by the presence of periodontal pathogenic microorganisms, but also by the presence of congenital or acquired immunodeficiency, immunoregulatory defects. The immune system plays a key role in the physiological and pathological processes of periodontal tissues. In this regard, IL17, produced by CD4+ Th cells, which has both Pro-inflammatory and protective activity, is of particular interest in the pathogenesis of periodontitis. The aim of study was to identify the relationship between polymorphic loci of the IL-17A (rs2275913) and MMP-1 (rs1799750) genes and clinical manifestations of chronic periodontitis in petrochemical workers. Dental examination was performed in 92 ethylene oxide production workers with chronic periodontitis and 74 patients with chronic periodontitis who did not come into contact with chemical factors (control group). Genotyping of polymorphisms rs2275913 of the IL17A gene and rs1799750 of the MMP1 gene was performed by allele-specific real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Hygienic assessment of the degree of air pollution of the working area with harmful substances was carried out by gas chromatography according to the guidelines for the determination of harmful substances in the air № 5098-89, № 3119-84. When comparing the results of studies of both groups, there were no statistically significant differences in the frequency distributions of allelic variants and genotypes of the IL-17A and MMP-1 genes. The AA/AG genotypes of the IL-17A gene were associated with an increased risk of severe disease compared to the GG genotype in workers in the main group (OR=6.1; 95% CI 1.33-28.5; p=0.021) and in the control group (OR=7.26; 95% CI 1.34-39.25; p=0.016). Carriers of the A allele in the control group increased the risk of severe chronic periodontitis by 2.4 times compared to carriers of the G allele (OR=2.41; 95% CI 1.19-4.87; p=0.014). During the dental examination of employees of the ethylene oxide plant, the clinical course of periodontal diseases was more severe in comparison with the control group, and the number of patients with severe periodontitis was twice as high. It was found that the AA/AG genotypes of the IL-17A gene and the carrier of the A allele are associated with increased susceptibility to the development of severe chronic periodontitis. The association between the MMP-1 gene polymorphism and the risk of severe forms of chronic periodontitis has not been established. A risk factor for the development of inflammatory periodontal diseases in employees of the petrochemical complex is a complex of harmful production factors.

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