The Macroeconomic Determinants and FDI: Evidence from 14 International Alliances

This study investigates the relationship between Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and some macroeconomic variables such as Gross Domestic Product (GDP), Gross Capital Formation (GCF), Agriculture, Forestry, and Fishing (AFF), Industry, Import, Export, Inflation and Unemployment rate. Panel Data of 14 regional alliances countries from 1990-2018 were collected from The World Bank website. Robust regression models are used in this study. This research found that GDP had significant positive relationship with FDI in all regions except Arab League, EU and G7 countries. GCF had significant positive relationship with FDI in Arab League, BRI, GATT, NAFTA countries & negative relationship in APEC, G7 countries. AFF had significant positive relationship with FDI in BRICS, GATT countries & negative relationship in African Union, ASEAN, BIMSTEC, BRI, BRICS, SAFTA countries. Industry had significant positive relationship with FDI in African Union, BRI, NAFTA, OECD countries and negative relationship in BRICS, G7, G20 countries. Import had significant positive relationship with FDI in African Union, APEC, Arab League, ASIAN, BRI, G7, G20, GATT countries and negative relationship in BRICS countries. Export had significant positive relationship with FDI in BRICS countries and negative relationship in African Union, ASEAN, BRI, G20, GATT, OECD, SAFTA countries. Inflation had significant positive relationship with FDI in GATT, SAFTA countries and negative relationship in African Union, APEC countries. Unemployment rate had significant positive relationship with FDI in African Union, BRI, BRICS, EU, G20, GATT, OECD, SAFTA countries and negative relationship in ASEAN countries.

Download Full-text

Organization-Based Self-Esteem Affects Employees' Exchange Relationship Perceptions and Extrarole Behavior

Social Behavior and Personality An International Journal ◽

10.2224/sbp.2016.44.3.509 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 44 (3) ◽

pp. 509-517 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Yanhan Zhu

Keyword(s):

Social Exchange ◽

Positive Relationship ◽

Mainland China ◽

Negative Relationship ◽

Self Esteem ◽

Moderating Effect ◽

Exchange Relationship ◽

Significant Positive Relationship ◽

Significant Negative Relationship ◽

Practical Implications

The 2 types of exchange relationship perceptions—social exchange relationship perceptions (SERPs) and economic exchange relationship perceptions (EERPs)—constitute the primary concept for understanding individual behavior in the workplace. Using a sample of 581 employees from Mainland China, I explored the effects of SERPs and EERPs on employee extrarole behavior (ERB), as well as the moderating effect of organization-based self-esteem (OBSE) on the relationships between SERPs and ERB, and between EERPs and ERB. The results revealed a significant positive relationship between SERPs and ERB, a significant negative relationship between EERPs and ERB, and a significant moderating effect for OBSE. Theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed.

Download Full-text

A Study of the Factors Determining Motivational Level of Employees Working in Public Sector of Bahawalpur (Punjab, Pakistan)

International Journal of Human Resource Studies ◽

10.5296/ijhrs.v4i3.5872 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 4 (3) ◽

pp. 19 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Atif Rafique ◽

Muhammad Sadam Bin Tayyab ◽

Muhammad Kamran ◽

Nawab M. Ahmed

Keyword(s):

Job Satisfaction ◽

Organizational Commitment ◽

Public Sector ◽

Knowledge Transfer ◽

Positive Relationship ◽

Negative Relationship ◽

Training Effectiveness ◽

Significant Positive Relationship ◽

The Public ◽

Level Of Significance

This study empirically examines the relationship between rewards, job satisfaction, Perceived training effectiveness, knowledge transfer and organizational commitment and employee’s motivation in the Public sector of Bahawalpur (Punjab, Pakistan).Our sample was public sector data was collected by using self-designed questionnaires. The sample size was 170 so 170 questionnaires were distributed and only 149 received. Analysis was done with the help of correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis. Between (0.01 to 0.05) level of significance was checked. The result concludes that there is a significant positive relationship between intrinsic rewards and the employee’s motivation and also there is significant positive relationship between extrinsic reward and employee’s motivation. Job Satisfaction also has significant positive relationship with employee’s motivation. But on the other hand PTE (Perceived Training Effectiveness) have insignificant and negative relationship with Employee’s motivation. Employee’s motivation has significant positive relationship with knowledge transfer and also with Organizational Commitment.

Download Full-text

Financial Performance Analysis of Nepalese Financial Institutions in the Framework of CAMEL

Janapriya Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies ◽

10.3126/jjis.v9i1.35277 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 56-74

Author(s):

Kedar Raj Gautam

Keyword(s):

Financial Performance ◽

Financial Institutions ◽

Commercial Banks ◽

Positive Relationship ◽

Negative Relationship ◽

Capital Adequacy ◽

Significant Positive Relationship ◽

Management Efficiency ◽

Significant Negative Relationship ◽

Development Banks

Analysis of financial performance to detect financial health of finance companies, development banks and commercial banks as a whole is a less explored research in Nepalese context. This paper, therefore, attempts to examine the financial performance and factors influencing financial performance of Nepalese financial depositary institutions in the framework of CAMEL. This study is based on descriptive cum casual research design. This study is based on secondary data which was extracted from various publications published by Nepal Rastra Bank such as banking and financial statistics, financial stability report and bank supervision report. All commercial banks, development banks, and finance companies are taken as population of the study. The study deals with financial performance analysis of entire population covering five years from 2014/15 to 2018/19. The variables such as capital adequacy, assets quality, management efficiency, earnings and liquidity are used to analyze financial performance. Descriptive as well as pooled regression analysis was used to assess the relationship among the variables. Descriptive analysis shows that financial institutions in each category meet NRB standard regarding capital adequacy. On the basis of capital adequacy and earnings, finance companies stand at first, on the basis of assets quality, development banks stand at first and on the basis of management efficiency, commercial banks stand at first. Finance companies store high liquidity as compared to other class financial institutions. The regression analysis shows that return on assets, ROA has significant positive relationship with capital adequacy and ROE but ROA has significant negative relationship with assets quality. However, return on equity, ROE has significant positive relationship with assets quality and ROA but ROE has significant negative relationship with capital adequacy. Capital adequacy and assets quality play major role to maximize ROA and ROE of financial institutions.

Download Full-text

Impact of enforcement and corporate governance attributes on performance

Corporate Ownership and Control ◽

10.22495/cocv13i4p5 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 13 (4) ◽

pp. 50-60

Author(s):

José Villanueva García ◽

Maria Antonia García-Benau ◽

Ana Zorio Grima

Keyword(s):

Corporate Governance ◽

Positive Relationship ◽

Negative Relationship ◽

Structural Equations ◽

Company Performance ◽

Consolidated Financial Statements ◽

Significant Positive Relationship ◽

Enforcement Action ◽

Financial Scandals ◽

The Impact

Since 2005, consolidated financial statements of European listed groups have been prepared according to IFRS. Nevertheless, the recent economic crisis on top of financial scandals has highlighted the role of oversight agencies and the importance of corporate governance. The purpose of this study is to look into the impact of corporate governance and the work of the Spanish Securities Exchange Commission (CNMV) on the performance of Spanish listed groups; as well as observing the links between enforcement actions and corporate governance. In a sample of 116 Spanish listed groups during the period 2005-2011 we have applied structural equations model (SEM) for hypothesis testing. The results obtained suggest there is a significant positive relationship between the corporate governance variables and company performance and a significant negative relationship between enforcement and performance. We also identify a significant positive relationship between enforcement action and corporate governance, which validates the theoretical model proposed.

Download Full-text

The Role of Self-compassion in Predicting Loneliness and Self-efficacy in the Elderly

Salmand ◽

10.32598/sija.13.10.630 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (2) ◽

pp. 212-223

Author(s):

Mehdi Ghezelseflo ◽

◽

Mozhgan Mirza ◽

Keyword(s):

Psychological Health ◽

Self Efficacy ◽

Positive Relationship ◽

Pearson Correlation ◽

Negative Relationship ◽

The Elderly ◽

Common Humanity ◽

Significant Positive Relationship ◽

Self Compassion

Objectives: Giving the growing population of the elderly, it is important to pay attention to their psychological health. The purpose of this study was to examine the role of self-compassion in predicting loneliness and self-efficacy in the elderly. Methods & Materials: This is a descriptive correlational study. Study population consisted of all elderly residents of Gonbad Kavous County in Iran. Of these, 120 (70 women and 50 men) were selected using a convenience sampling technique. Data collection instruments were University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) Loneliness Scale of Russell et al. (1966), General Self-efficacy Scale of Scherer et al. (1982) and Self-Compassion Scale of Neff (2003). Data analysis was performed by using Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis. Results: Loneliness had a significant negative relationship with self-compassion dimensions of self-kindness, common humanity, mindfulness and its overall score, and a significant positive relationship with self-judgment, isolation and over-identification. Moreover, self-efficacy had a significant positive relationship with self-kindness, common humanity, mindfulness and overall self-compassion score, and a negative significant relationship with self-judgment, isolation and over-identification (P≤0.001). Self-kindness, self-judgment, common humanity, isolation, mindfulness and overall self-compassion score can predict 43% of loneliness variance and self-kindness, self-judgment, mindfulness, isolation and overall self-compassion score can predict 38% of self-efficacy variance. Conclusion: Self-compassion have an effective role in reducing loneliness and increasing self-efficacy in the elderly.

Download Full-text

Anatomical analysis of the pelvis to identify any predisposing anatomical factors for ischiofemoral space pathology: a retrospective study

British Journal of Radiology ◽

10.1259/bjr.20190556 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 93 (1108) ◽

pp. 20190556 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Maria Pilar López-Royo ◽

Esther Valero-Tena ◽

Mercedes Roca

Keyword(s):

Positive Relationship ◽

Negative Relationship ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Anatomical Structures ◽

Significant Positive Relationship ◽

Anatomical Analysis ◽

Conventional Mri ◽

Ischiofemoral Space ◽

The Mean ◽

Hip Mri

Objective: Anatomical analysis of the hips and pelvis was performed using MRI to evaluate morphological characteristics and associations between them. We identified correlations between the ischiofemoral space (IFS), quadratus femoris space (QFS), femoral version angle (FVA) and cervicodiaphyseal angle (CDA). Methods: This study involved a retrospective search of a database of consecutive reports of adult hip MRI examinations carried out between January and September 2016. Patients with a medical history likely to affect pelvic and hip morphometry were excluded. Results: A total of 137 adult patients were enrolled in the study (45.3% males and 54.7% females), with a mean age of 50.16 ± 13.87 years. The mean IFS was 20.88 ± 5.96 mm, mean QFS was 15.2 ± 6.18 mm, mean FVA was 12.43 ± 6.98, and mean CDA was 121.27 ± 4.6°. The IFS measurements were significantly correlated with femoral measurements (p = 0.025). These visible differences showed a slight negative relationship (−0.191), and females had a smaller distance between these anatomical structures than males (p < 0.001). Females had a significantly smaller QFS than males (12.42 ± 5.94 vs 18.73 ± 4.48 mm, p = 0.000). There was a small but significant positive relationship between CDA and FVA (p = 0.022), with a correlation coefficient of 0.195. Conclusion: A higher FVA was correlated with a smaller IFS. Furthermore, an increase in the CDA appeared in tandem with an increase in the FVA. Advances in knowledge: A single conventional MRI sequence can alert us to how anatomical factors could predispose individuals to a decrease in IFS.

Download Full-text

Net ion fluxes and ammonia excretion during transport of Rhamdia quelen juveniles

Ciência Rural ◽

10.1590/0103-8478cr20141420 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 45 (10) ◽

pp. 1854-1858 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Luciano de Oliveira Garcia ◽

Leonardo José Gil Barcellos ◽

Bernardo Baldisserotto

Keyword(s):

Positive Relationship ◽

Negative Relationship ◽

Ammonia Excretion ◽

Ion Fluxes ◽

Water Parameters ◽

Significant Positive Relationship ◽

Silver Catfish ◽

Ammonia Accumulation ◽

Plastic Bags ◽

Rhamdia Quelen

The objective of this study was to verify net ion fluxes and ammonia excretion in silver catfish transported in plastic bags at three different loading densities: 221, 286 and 365g L-1 for 5h. A water sample was collected at the beginning and at the end of the transport for analysis of water parameters. There was a significant positive relationship between net ion effluxes and negative relationship between ammonia excretion and loading density, demonstrated by the following equations: Na+: y-24.5-0.27x, r2=0.99, Cl-: y=40.2-0.61x, r2=0.98, K+: y=8.0-27.6x, r2=0.94; ammonia excretion: y=-11.43+0.017x, r2=0.95, where y: net ion flux (mmol kg-1 h-1) or ammonia excretion (mg kg-1 h-1) and x: loading density (g). Therefore, the increase of loading density increases net ion loss, but reduces ammonia excretion during the transport of silver catfish, indicating the possibility of ammonia accumulation

Download Full-text

The Qualitative Characteristics of Accounting Information, Earnings Quality, and Islamic Banking Performance: Evidence from the Gulf Banking Sector

International Journal of Financial Studies ◽

10.3390/ijfs8020030 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 30

Author(s):

Ibrahim Elsiddig Ahmed

Keyword(s):

Financial Reporting ◽

Positive Relationship ◽

Banking Sector ◽

Earnings Quality ◽

Negative Relationship ◽

Reporting Quality ◽

Financial Reporting Quality ◽

Annual Reports ◽

Significant Positive Relationship ◽

Qualitative Characteristics

The study aims to operationalize financial reporting quality in terms of the qualitative characteristics (QCs) as stated by the Accounting and Auditing Organization of Islamic Financial Institutions (AAOIFI) standards, as well as to investigate their association with earnings quality (EQ) and banking performance. The study uses secondary data extracted from DataStream to operationalize and measure the financial reporting quality in the annual reports of 25 out of the 27 Islamic banks in the Gulf Council Countries (GCC) for a 5-year period (2014–2018), meaning 125 annual reports were used. The study applies a manual content analysis to the annual reports to score all the items of QCs and operationalizes 25 measurement items that represent the six QCs. All items use 5-point Likert-type scales to compute the sub-score and the overall index through the Neural Network System. The findings of the model paths show a significant positive relationship between EQ and most of the QCs. The first hypothesis is partially accepted as there is a positive relationship between EQ and relevancy, reliability, prudence and general quality; however, there is no significant relationship between EQ and understandability and there is a significant negative relationship between EQ and comparability. Moreover, the study finds a significant positive relationship between EQ and ROA on one hand and EQ and ROE on the other hand (p-value = 0.00), meaning the second hypothesis is supported.

Download Full-text

Problems faced by the bean farmer in selected areas of Pabna district in Bangladesh

Research in Agriculture Livestock and Fisheries ◽

10.3329/ralf.v5i1.36547 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 11-18

Author(s):

Mohammad Zamshed Alam ◽

Md Shariful Islam ◽

Muhammad Humayun Kabir

Keyword(s):

Correlation Analysis ◽

Significant Relationship ◽

Positive Relationship ◽

Family Income ◽

Negative Relationship ◽

Farm Size ◽

Interview Schedule ◽

Significant Positive Relationship ◽

Organizational Participation ◽

Significant Negative Relationship

The major purposes of the study were to determine the extent of the problem faced by the farmers in bean cultivation and to explore the relationships between bean farmers’ selected characteristics with their problem faced. The study was conducted in four villages of two unions under Atghoria upazilla of Pabna District. Data were collected from a random sample of 106 bean farmers by using an interview schedule during 15 Dec, 2017 to 15 Jan, 2018. The highest proportion (71.70 percent) of the farmers faced medium overall problem in bean production, while 16.04 percent faced high and 12.26 percent faced low problem. Problem faced in non-availability of pesticides ranked 1st and this was followed by non-availability of fertilizers, lack of capital so on and least one lack of irrigation in bean cultivation ranked 28th. Correlation analysis indicated that education, training exposure, organizational participation, extension media contact and farmers’ knowledge had significant negative relationship with their problem faced. Age had significant positive relationship with their problem faced while family members, farm size, annual family income, bean cultivation area, and credit received by the farmers had no significant relationship with their problem faced. Overwhelming (87.74) majority of bean farmers faced medium to high problems therefore, it may be said that problem faced by the farmers in bean cultivation is a serious issue to be addressed to maximize bean production.Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.5(1): 11-18, April 2018

Download Full-text

Seasonal Variations in Biogas Production from Excreta of Monogastric Farm Animals under Tropical Climate

Bhartiya Krishi Anusandhan Patrika ◽

10.18805/bkap329 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Anzar Muhammad ◽

A. Kannan ◽

Sabin George ◽

K.S. Anil ◽

A.P. Usha ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Methane Concentration ◽

Significant Positive Correlation ◽

Positive Relationship ◽

Biogas Production ◽

Negative Relationship ◽

Carbon Dioxide Concentration ◽

Gas Production ◽

Summer Season ◽

Farm Animals ◽

Significant Positive Relationship

The present study analysed the changes in the quantity and composition of biogas produced from the excreta of swine, rabbit and poultry during monsoon and summer seasons. The highest volume of biogas production was observed in rabbit excreta (0.0813 ± 0.0007m3), followed by poultry excreta (0.0778 ± 0.0005 m3) and swine excreta (0.0738 ± 0.0004 m3). Methane concentration was higher in biogas produced from rabbit excreta (70.96 ± 0.19) followed by that from poultry excreta (66.87 ± 0.21) and swine excreta (62.41 ± 0.20), whereas carbon dioxide concentration was highest in swine excreta (28.07 ± 0 .32) followed by rabbit excreta (24.54 ± 0.15) and poultry excreta (22.14 ± 0.14). The biogas production was significantly higher (P less than 0.01) in the summer season compared to monsoon in all three substrates. It was observed that daily mean temperature had a significant positive relationship and relative humidity had a negative relationship with the quantity of biogas produced (P less than 0.01). The gas production also had a significant positive correlation with the temperature and pH of the digesta.

Download Full-text