scholarly journals Determinants of Inter-Regional Financial Inclusion Heterogeneities in the Philippines

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-94
Author(s):  
Je-Al Burguillos ◽  
Danny Cassimon
Keyword(s):  
Central Bank ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Financial Inclusion ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Panel Estimation ◽  
Significant Progress ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Physical Infrastructure ◽  
Vast Literature ◽  
Per Capita

This study tries to contribute to the vast literature on promoting financial inclusion in Asia by exploring the key factors that affect the deepening of financial inclusion across the 17 regions of the Philippines for the period between 2013 and 2017. Using the regional multidimensional financial inclusion index (FII) that is developed by the Philippine central bank, the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas (BSP), the study finds out that significant heterogeneities exist among regions, and that they persist over the period analyzed, suggesting most importantly that the least financially inclusive regions do not show rapid significant progress. Moreover, using different panel estimation techniques, we try to determine the possible factors that affect this inter-regional financial inclusion heterogeneities. Overall, we show that regional GDP per capita, population, a proxy for the availability of physical infrastructure, and the degree of mobile penetration are among the robust factors explaining the financial inclusion variations across these regions in the Philippines for the observed period.

scholarly journals Quantifying the Relationship Between GDP Per Capita and Inequality in the Balkan Region

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 7-13
Author(s):  
Edgar J. Saucedo-Acosta ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Capital Stock ◽  
Financial Inclusion ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Balkan Countries ◽  
Balkan Region ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose:The paper aims to estimate the effect of inequality on the economic growth of Balkan countries for the period 2001-2017. In addition, the effect of capital stock on GDP per capita (GDPpc) for the Balkan countries was estimated. The low level of financial inclusion on the Balkan region produces an underinvestment of human capital and affects the low-income households, leading to an increase in inequality. Low levels of equality and capital stock negatively impact economic growth.

scholarly journals Have IT improvements had positive impacts on international trade?

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Kurihara Y ◽  
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Financial Services ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Business World ◽  
Developed Economies ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Relationship

IT (Information Technology) was invented and penetrated into our daily lives and business world from the 1980s. It has also spread quickly in developed economies. This study examines whether such phenomenon has impacted international trade. More concretely, this study empirically examines the relationship (1) between the improvement of banking and financial services and international trade, (2) between the Internet speed and international trade, and (3) mobile subscribers and international trade. The empirical results show that GDP per capita is positively related with international trade significantly. Moreover, they show that banking and financial services can increase international trade. Also, Internet speed is significantly associated with promoting international trade. However, there is no evidence that the spreading use of mobile has caused increasing international trade. If the pros of the spreading use of mobile related IT are large, there is some room for promoting this transition. Security, reliability, and so on are key factors to promote mobile into business, including international trade.

scholarly journals Does the post-socialist past determine the relationship between GDP per capita and education? Evidence from Europe

2018 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 573-589
Author(s):  
Zsuzsanna Banász ◽  
Vivien Valéria Csányi
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Tertiary Education ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Huge Amount ◽  
Enrolment Rate ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Relationship

Education is one of the key factors of economic growth. Despite the huge amount of researches investigating the relationship between education and GDP as a proxy of well-being, to the best of our knowledge, none of these studies examined a group of post-socialist countries comparing with not-post-socialist countries. This paper aims to fill this gap. We examine the correlation between growth and education with panel data evidence for 18 post-socialist (PS) countries and 16 developed market economies (DME) over the 1990–2014 period. The goal of this paper is to test two hypotheses: (i) The relationship between GDP per capita and tertiary education’s enrolment rate is stronger in the post-socialist countries than in other countries. (ii) In the post-socialist countries, the relationship between GDP per capita and tertiary education’s enrolment rate is stronger than the relationship between GDP per capita and any other level of education. Correlation analyses confirmed both hypotheses. Our findings suggest that the patterns of relationship between GDP and measures of tertiary education are different for PS and DME countries and would be interesting to observe when and how the gap between the patterns disappears.

scholarly journals FINANCIAL LITERACY OF THE POPULATION AS A COMPONENT OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF THE COUNTRY

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iryna Bodnariuk
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Financial Literacy ◽  
Performance Indicator ◽  
Regression Function ◽  
Financial Inclusion ◽  
Financial Behavior ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Per Capita

The article substantiates the theoretical and scientific-methodical principles of financial literacy; it is established that raising the level of financial literacy is a strategic goal of the state to ensure the development of financial inclusion, because only increasing the availability and level of use of services and strengthening consumer protection without raising financial literacy will not give the desired result; It is investigated that financial literacy - knowledge, skills and attitudes necessary to ensure responsible financial behavior and increase financial inclusion Ukrainians; it is established that Ukraine lags behind the leading countries in terms of financial literacy - 11.6 in Ukraine (out of 21 possible points); the regularity of the relationship between the level of financial literacy of the population and the level of its economic development - GDP per capita; in the process of correlation-regression analysis we found a high density of communication (0.7711) between the indicators of the level of financial literacy and GDP per capita. For calculations, we used the built-in functions "correlation" and "regression" of the add-in "Data Analysis" of MS Excel. Namely, using the "correlation" function, we calculated the correlation coefficient. Using the “regression” function, the coefficient of determination, the coefficient of y-section were calculated and the regression equation was constructed, which can be used to calculate the projected value of GDP per capita according to the projected level of financial literacy of the population; The results of regression analysis allow us to conclude that there is a sufficiently close relationship between GDP per capita (performance indicator) and the factor indicator (level of financial literacy), as evidenced by the value of the coefficient of determination - R-square - 0.8843. The coefficient of elasticity shows the percentage change in the average performance (GDP per capita) with a change in the argument x (level of financial literacy) by 1%. The calculated value of the coefficient shows that with an increase in the level of financial literacy by 1%, GDP per capita increases by an average of 4.18%.

scholarly journals DAMPAK INKLUSI KEUANGAN TERHADAP STABILITAS SISTEM KEUANGAN DI ASIA

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 409-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
Azka Azifah Dienillah ◽  
Lukytawati Anggraeni
Keyword(s):  
Financial Stability ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Financial System ◽  
Fixed Effect Model ◽  
Financial Inclusion ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Effect Model ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Stability

Financial inclusion is one of strategy to increase inclusive growth in Asian countries. However, it may cause either stability or instability in the financial system. Therefore, this research aimed to analyze the relationship between financial inclusion and financial stability and to analyze factors that affect the stability of the financial system in seven Asian countries in the periode of 2007-2011. The methods used are Pearson correlation and Fixed Effect Model. The results show that there is negative correlation at 5% significant level between financial inclusion and financial stability. Factors that significantly affect the financial stability are financial inclusion, financial stability in the previous period, non-FDI capital flows to GDP, the ratio of current assets to deposits and Short-term funding, and GDP per capita. Thus the increase in financial inclusion, current assets of banking, GDP per capita, and the portfolio investment can become the strategies to improve the financial stability (Bank z score) on the determined and future year.

scholarly journals The Need for the Establishment of Biomedical Engineering (BME) as an Academic and Professional Discipline in the Philippines — A Quantitative Argument

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamie Ledesma Fermin ◽  
Myles Joshua Tan
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Maternal Mortality Ratio ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Professional Discipline ◽  
Brunei Darussalam ◽  
Life Expectancy At Birth ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Publication Volume

This article quantitatively presents the relationship that exists between research endeavors in BME, which was measured in terms of the volume of publications produced in the field of BME from 1990 to 2019 in the 10 member states of the ASEAN, and 12 indicators of the overall and physical health of populations (†) — GDP per capita, HDI value, HAQ index, life expectancy at birth, healthy life expectancy at birth, maternal mortality ratio, neonatal mortality rate, probability of dying from noncommunicable diseases, and incidences of death due to stroke, diabetes mellitus, congenital birth defects, and leukemia. The objective was to show that ASEAN states that recognize BME as an academic and professional discipline have been successful in producing research in the field, and thus, have advanced the provision of high-quality healthcare for their people. The Pearson correlation coefficients (PCCs) between BME publication volume and the 12 healthcare indicators were calculated and were reported in the order previously listed (see †) to be +0.7555, +0.7398, +0.7297, +0.7563, +0.7879, -0.6286, -0.6810, -0.7245, -0.6683, -0.6893, -0.7645, and -0.6827. The PCCs between BME publication volume and the natural logarithm of the same indicators in the same order were calculated and were reported to be +0.7338, +0.7051, +0.7184, +0.7452, +0.7754, -0.7985, -0.7286, -0.7905, -0.7872, -0.9208, -0.9149, and -0.7038. It was also discovered that data from Brunei Darussalam behaved anomalously, as they did not conform with the observed trends. Hence, it was decided that data from Brunei would be removed to check for any improvements in PCC. Indeed, PCCs for all indicators improved. PCCs between BME publication volume and the 12 indicators excluding data from Brunei were reported in the same order as follows: +0.9279, +0.9072, +0.8659, +0.8598, +0.8800, -0.7313, -0.7783, -0.7919, -0.7726, -0.7073, -0.8133, and -0.6907. PCCs between BME publication volume and the natural logarithms of the 12 indicators excluding data from Brunei were reported in the same order as follows: +0.9042, +0.8707, +0.9599, +0.8519, +0.8726, -0.8822, -0.9318, -0.8430, 0.8510, -0.9234, -0.9390, and -0.7069, respectively. These PCCs, many of them with magnitudes above 0.9000, signify especially strong relationships between BME research yield and healthcare quality in a country.Moreover, to best visualize the relationships quantified above, BME publication volume was plotted against GDP per capita, while the remaining 11 indicators were each plotted against BME publication volume. Linear (Lin), logarithmic (Log), and exponential (Exp) regression curves were then overlaid on the datapoints. Coefficients of determination (R2) were calculated to measure the aptness of the fits. R2 values were reported in the same order as above to be: 0.5161 (Log), 0.5708 (Lin), 0.5473 (Lin), 0.5720 (Lin), 0.6207 (Lin), 0.7457 (Log), 0.7517 (Exp), 0.6249 (Exp), 0.6197 (Exp), 0.8469 (Exp), 0.8095 (Log), and 0.4660 (Lin) [incl. Brunei]; 0.9214 (Log), 0.8612 (Lin), 0.8230 (Lin), 0.7393 (Lin), 0.7745 (Lin), 0.9433 (Log), 0.8682 (Exp), 0.7106 (Exp), 0.7242 (Exp), 0.8527 (Exp), 0.8960 (Log), and 0.4771 (Lin) [excl. Brunei].For this reason, we believe that it is certainly time for the Philippines to adopt BME as an academic and professional discipline in its own right, so that it may one day enjoy the benefits brought about by advancements in the provision of healthcare that are experienced by its ASEAN neighbors that have already gone ahead with movements to cultivate the highly essential discipline.

The impact of financial inclusion on economic development: the mediating roles of gross savings, social empowerment and economic empowerment

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajib Chakraborty ◽  
Rebecca Abraham
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Financial Inclusion ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Economic Empowerment ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Social Empowerment

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to measure the impact of financial inclusion on economic development.Design/methodology/approachStudy 1 used World Bank Data to develop financial inclusion percentages of ownership of checking accounts, savings accounts, debit cards and loans for 179 countries among the poorest 40% of the population, from 2011–2017. Regressions established the financial inclusion, gross savings and GDP per capita growth linkage. Study 2 created and validated scales to measure social empowerment, economic empowerment and economic development, among inhabitants of Bangladesh villages. Structural equation modeling measured the mediation by social empowerment and economic empowerment of the financial inclusion and economic development linkage.FindingsTotal financial inclusion was significantly explained by gross savings, which was significantly explained by GDP per capita growth. Ownership of a checking account significantly increased gross savings, while ownership of a savings account significantly increased GDP per capita growth. Ownership of a checking account differentiated countries with the highest 5% of gross savings, while ownership of a debit card significantly differentiated countries with the GDP per capita growth. Social empowerment and economic empowerment significantly mediated the financial inclusion and economic development relationship.Originality/valueThe study is unique in examining financial inclusion from a multi country, macroeconomic perspective combined with measurement of its theoretical underpinnings through a primary data-based sample extracted from respondents in Bangladesh, a lower middle-income country in Southeast Asia.

scholarly journals Analysis of GDP Trends and Inequalities in Vietnam’s Provinces and Groups of Provinces

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (7) ◽  
pp. 167-186
Author(s):  
Xuan-Binh Vu ◽  
Son Nghiem
Keyword(s):  
National Average ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Current Paper ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Ho Chi Minh City ◽  
Growth Path ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Per Capita

Our recent paper (Vu et al., 2016) applied the Phillips and Sul’s method (2007, 2009) and found that the 61 provinces of Vietnam were formed in five convergence sub-groups. This current paper identifies trends and patterns of inequality in provincial GDP per capita of each sub-group of provinces in Vietnam during the period 1990-2011. It also analyses the growth path of each province compared with that of the reference economy [Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC) and the national average]. The results show that there were the downward trends of inequality in GDP per capita of each sub-group. Also, during the period 1990-1994, most provinces diverged from HCMC but during the period 2004-2011, all provinces tended to converge to it. However, there were few poorest provinces, which tend to be located in geographically and economically isolated regions of Vietnam. This paper analyses main characteristics of provinces and key factors affecting the trends and patterns of disparities in GDP per capita of each sub-group. Furthermore, several policy implications are discussed.

scholarly journals Analisis Komparasi Hapiness Index 5 Negara di Asean

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 56-65
Author(s):  
I Wayan Suparta ◽  
Rizka Malia
Keyword(s):  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Economic Indicators ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Environmental Index ◽  
Personal Impact ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Asean Countries ◽  
The Right

The limitation of economic indicators in representing the level of community welfare has increased the world's attention to social aspects of development. Development progress, which has been seen more by economic indicators, such as economic growth and poverty reduction, is considered insufficient to reflect the right level of welfare. This study aims to determine the effect of GDP per capita, environmental index, and unemployment on the happiness index of 9 countries in ASEAN. Estimation results show that the variable GDP per capita significantly and negatively influences the happiness index. The environmental index has a positive effect on the Happiness Index, and unemployment has a positive impact on the happiness index. Based on the results of special effects, there are individual effect values ​​in 9 ASEAN countries. Singapore is the country with the most significant personal impact, and the Philippines is the country with the smallest particular effect.  

scholarly journals Analisis Keterkaitan Inklusi Keuangan Syariah dengan Pembangunan di Negara Anggota OKI

Al-Muzara ah ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Deni Lubis ◽  
Muhammad Giffari Ramadhoni
Keyword(s):  
Unemployment Rate ◽  
Financial Services ◽  
Predictor Variable ◽  
Financial Inclusion ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Islamic Banking ◽  
Tobit Regression ◽  
Cellular Telephone ◽  
State Income ◽  
Per Capita

Financial inclusion is one of the main issue on Islamic banking in providing access to financial services to the community. However there are many people who have not access to financial services, especially Islamic banking. This study aims to measure the level of Islamic financial inclusion in several OIC countries (Islamic Cooperation Organization) based on the classification of state income and to analyze the relationship of inclusion of Islamic finance with development. The calculation of the Islamic financial inclusion index used the Index of Syariah Financial Inclusion (ISFI) method. The response variable used in this study is ISFI and the predictor variable is GDP per capita, unemployment rate, number of cellular telephone users, and the population of the village. The method used is descriptive analysis and tobit regression analysis. This study used secondary data from 10 OIC member countries based on the level of state income in 2013-2016. Based on the results of data analysis, high income countries have a high average inclusion rate compared to middle income countries. While GDP per capita and the number of cellular telephone users has a positive effect to the development, meanwhile the unemployment rate has a negative effect.

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