Faktor yang Memengaruhi Kemandirian Ekonomi Pesantren (Studi Pesantren Al-Ittifaq Bandung)

Islamic boarding school has the potential to develop the Islamic economy through the Islamic boarding school business unit. Optimizing business units can create Islamic boarding school economic independence. Even so, the fact is that there are still many Islamic boarding school that have not utilized their potential. One of the Islamic boarding school that has succeeded in achieving economic independence through business units is the Al-Ittifaq Boarding School in Bandung. The aim of this research is to analyze economic activities and factors that influence the economic independence of the Al-Ittifaq Islamic Boarding School. Using Analytical Network Process (ANP), the factors that influence the economic independence of the Al-Ittifaq Islamic Boarding School are divided into four aspects, namely institutional, production, stakeholder, and market aspects. The results show that market aspect has the biggest impact affecting the economic independence in Al-Ittifaq Islamic Boarding School and the four most influential factors are the kiai leadership and management, production information systems, capital, and market availability.

Evaluasi Program Pemberdayaan Usaha Mikro Kecil dan Menengah (UMKM) LAZISMU Magetan dengan Pendekatan Diagram Kartesius

This study aimed to determine the effect of zakat empowerment with MSMEs on the economic people empowerment according to the mustahik perceptions. This research used descriptive analysis with Cartesian coordinate approach. The results showed that the quality of LAZISMU in the MSMEs empowerment program in each dimension of tangible, reliability, responsiveness, assurance, and empathy was almost entirely good quality. The tangible dimension can be shown through the ease of procedures for submitting assistance and the period of its realization. The suitability between everything described by the officer with the reality on the reliable dimension is the main priority factor. The politeness, friendliness and communication skill of officers in the empathy dimension are factors that must be maintained. While transparency in providing information on survey results on the assurance dimension is a low priority factor. The monitoring on the impact of empowerment on the responsiveness dimension and the strategic location of the LAZISMU office on the tangible dimension was considered excessive. There is an effect of zakat empowerment with MSMEs on increasing the people's economic income in terms of service quality according to the perceptions of mustahik. This research suggests LAZISMU Magetan for accelerates the realization of assistance proposals and the ease in applying for assistance.

Analisis Faktor-Faktor yang Memengaruhi Perolehan Surplus Underwriting pada Asuransi Jiwa Syariah di Indonesia (Periode 2015-2020)

In Islamic insurance, if at the end of the period there is a surplus from the substraction result between total insurance income in the tabarru’ fund and insurance expenses, the surplus will be called as underwriting surplus. A good Islamic insurance company can be seen when the company succeeds in obtaining an underwriting surplus, because it is a proof when the company has managed the participant funds well. The underwriting surplus can be used as a reserve fund when an underwriting deficit occurs or when insurance expenses exceed insurance income, thereby it can improve the public interest in Islamic insurance. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the development of the underwriting surplus in Islamic life insurance in Indonesia and the factors that influence it by using panel data regression method. The estimation results using the REM model show that the variables of total assets and GDP have a positive and significant effect. Meanwhile, the contribution allowance, claim allowance, and inflation variables have a negative and significant effect.

The Determinants of Credit Risk Under Dual Banking System: Indonesian Experience Based on Bank Specific Variables

In Indonesian banking system, conventional banks are operating side by side with Islamic banking in a dual banking system. In terms of the credit risk determinants, Islamic banks should be affected by the different factors as conventional banks. However, the similarity of Islamic banks and the conventional bank in terms of contracts might lead to the opinion the same variables are affecting the performance of Islamic and conventional banks. The objective of the study is to examine and obtain an understanding on how the credit and financing in Indonesian dual banking system responses to changes in bank-specific variables. The main approach to fit the model used in this study is the dynamic panel data. Based on the result of the combined model, there are some independent variables that significantly affect credit risk. Profitability significantly affects credit risk with a negative relationship. While size significantly affects credit risk with a positive relationship. When it comes to the dummy variable, it can be said that the type of bank doesn’t play a significant role in determining the credit risk. In other word, there is no difference between Islamic bank and conventional banks in terms of credit risk. To analyze the crisis effect deeper, we compare the result of conventional banking model 2016-2020 and Islamic banking model 2016-2020. There is no independent variable that significantly affect the credit risk in the conventional banking model 2016-2020, three out of four independent variables affect credit risk significantly in the Islamic banking model 2016-2020. This is because conventional banks tend to play safe by avoiding the disbursement of credit and focusing on derivatives. However, this strategy is not suitable for Islamic banking as they are not allowed to do speculative activities. Islamic banking are still focusing on traditional banking activity.

The Strategy of Nazir Development in Indonesia: A Qualitative Study

The purpose of this study is to identify the most important factors in determining current strategies for the development of Nazir in specific region of Indonesia and to examine how the internal and external states developing in that province. Two analyses were used in this research method: SWOT (Strength, Weakness, Opportunity, and Threats) and QSPM (Quantitative Strategic Planning Matrix). The number of respondents who filled out the questionnaire was 8 big institutional Nazir and 5 Waqf experts between September and January of 2021, respectively. The result of SWOT analysis is that Waqf institutions need to carry out WT (Weakness Threats) strategy, which is a defensive strategy. Meanwhile, the QSPM analysis discovered that the second strategy is the most priority one. Afterwards, at the conclusion of this study, the results of these particular studies as well as recommendation will be discussed.

Faktor Penentu Donor untuk Berwakaf: Sebuah Eksplorasi Wakaf dalam Literatur

The purpose of this study was to determine the factors that influence donors in giving waqf. In addition, it also gives consideration to decision makers related to waqf in Indonesia. The method in this study is a qualitative research with a description of previous research, through secondary data obtained from scientific journals, websites, books, and other electronic media sources related to the study discussed. The journals reviewed are journals published from 2012-2021. The theories discussed in this study are TRA and TPB. The findings of this study indicate that the factors of religiosity, attitude, subject norm, and convenience have a significant positive effect on the amount of waqf issued by donors or waqif (waqf givers). Through this study, it is hoped that this will become a consideration, especially for writers, as well as readers, and recommendations for waqf institutions to increase the convenience of the waqf system. In addition, the government (as a policy maker) should support waqf givers to continue to participate in this waqf practice for the good and welfare of the ummah.

Peer-to-Peer Lending Syariah dan Dampaknya terhadap Kinerja serta Kesejahteraan Pelaku Usaha Mikro dan Kecil (UMK) pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19

Peer-to-Peer (P2P) lending is one of the mechanisms to overcome capital problems for the MSE sector, especially during the Covid-19 pandemic. P2P lending has the highest asset growth compared to other financial technology (fintech) schemes and mostly preferred by the majority of population. As a country with a majority Muslim population, people prefer to use sharia P2P lending, but its role has not been widely documented in the literature. MSEs are business enterprises that contribute greatly to the national gross domestic product (GDP) and absorb the most labor. This study aims to analyze the effect of sharia (P2P) lending on the performance and welfare of MSEs during the Covid-19 pandemic. The method of analysis consists of paired t-test, OLS and logistic regression analysis. Paired t-test results show that there are differences in turnover, profits, operating costs, and the number of MSE workers before and after receiving financing. OLS analysis shows that the amount of financing, business costs, labor, and length of business affect changes in MSE turnover. The results of the logistic regression analysis show that the average family income and the amount of savings significantly affect the welfare of MSE actors.

Analisis Kualitas Laba Perbankan Syariah di Indonesia

The firms tend to perform earning management, mainly due to there was an agency problem amongst the management (agent) and the owner (principal), in more specifically because the lack of corporate governance, manager’s bonus plan, decreasing of supervision, debt-covenant, and economic-meltdown condition. The earning management practice is potentially done by any firms included the sharia bank. The earning management practice will affect the firm’s earnings quality as represented in the financial report. Despite the accounting treatment of mudharabah-musyarakah financing uses cash-basis, the sharia bank may manipulate the earnings when they determine the profit from the investments which will be shared to both the bank and investor. The study aims to investigate the differences of earnings quality and examine the effect of mudharabah-musyarakah financing and leverage to earnings quality, within Bank Umum Syariah (BUS) and Unit Usaha Syariah (UUS) during economic meltdown period in Indonesia between 2014-2016. The results show that there are no significant differences in the earnings quality within sharia bank types during the observed period. Furthermore, the results show that the effect of mudharabah-musyarakah financing and leverage to earnings quality within sharia bank types are in significant within the same observed period.

Public Service Satisfaction on Hajj-Related Services in Indonesia: Demographic Analysis

Measurement of public service satisfaction with government services serves as a valuable reflecting point for public officials to improve the public service quality. Pilgrimage to Mecca and Medina in Saudi Arabia is considered as a national duty and government responsibility in countries with a significant number of Muslim citizens. This article analyzes primary data from the 2019 national public service satisfaction survey on hajj-related services within Indonesian territory collected by the Ministry of Religious Affairs to examine variation across demographic backgrounds. 1,491 respondents participated in the survey representing individual appraisals toward various services during departure and returning phases. The main focus of investigation are the six selected service dimensions, namely, 1) Individual capability, 2) Ease of access to information, 3) Service procedures, 4) Speed of service, 5) Facilities and infrastructure, and 6) Cost-related perception. The results of regression analysis support diverse roles of demographic variables in explaining variance in public service satisfaction feedback. The empirical findings suggest that people with a higher-level education are more likely to experience less satisfaction. Meanwhile, females are likely to perceive higher satisfaction with the provided services than the males.

Faktor yang Memengaruhi Minat Muzaki dalam Membayar Zakat Melalui Kitabisa.com: Pendekatan Technology Acceptance Model dan Theory of Planned Behavior

This study aims to examine the factors that influence muzaki's interest in paying zakat through Kitabisa.com with the Technology Acceptance Model and Theory of Planned Behavior approaches. In addition, this study analyzes the relationship pattern of the perceived usefulness, ease of use, attitudes, subjective norms, and behavioral control towards muzaki’s interest. The method used in this study is a quantitative method using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The analytical tool used is the SmartPLS version 3 software. The data collection technique was through distributing questionnaires with a total sample of 180 respondents. The results showed that muzaki’s interest in paying zakat through Kitabisa.com was influenced by perceptions of ease of use, attitudes, subjective norms, and perceptions of behavior control. This study proves that perceived ease of use has a significant effect on perceived usefulness. Perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use have a significant effect on attitudes. Meanwhile, perceived usefulness has no significant effect on the interest in using Kitabisa.com digital zakat services. In addition, perceptions of ease of use, attitudes, subjective norms, and perceptions of behavioral control have a significant effect on the interest in using Kitabisa.com digital zakat services.