scholarly journals Salivary Glands of Vertebrates: Ecological, Morphological and Evolutionary Aspects

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-76
Author(s):  
N. N. Shevlyuk ◽  
V. A. Dolgov ◽  
E. V. Dolgova
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Food Processing ◽  
Evolutionary Dynamics ◽  
Evolutionary Development ◽  
Ecological Groups ◽  
Secretory Pathways ◽  
Glandular Structures ◽  
Evolutionary Aspects ◽  
Food Consumed

The aim of the study was to compare ecological and morphological features and evolutionary dynamics of the salivary glands in representatives of different classes of vertebrates living in different ecological conditions.Material and methods. The glandular structures of the tongue of vertebrates belonging to various taxonomic and ecological groups (fish, amphibians, reptiles, mammals) were studied. The material obtained was processed using histological and histochemical methods.The results of the study demonstrated that in the course of the evolutionary transformations of vertebrates, an increase and complication of the glandular structures of the tongue occurred due to changes in the environmental factors and in the nature of nutrition and food consumed. The evolutionary transformations of the glandular structures of the organ was directed from unicellular intraepithelial glandular structures (for example, in fish) to the complex multicellular salivary glands of higher mammals, in which there was a division into terminal secretory sections and secretory pathways. In the course of evolution, the number of functions performed by the salivary glands of the tongue has also increased. The digestive and endocrine functions were added to the function of protecting the mucous organ from damage. The serous glands of the tongue are phylogenetically younger. Their occurrence is associated with the participation of the glands of the tongue in the initial stages of chemical food processing. The preservation of more ancient mucous glands against the background of the emergence of new organisms in the course of evolution - mucoserous, seromucous and serous glands, - indicates that in the course of evolutionary development, the glandular structures of the tongue demonstrate parallelism of divergent changes.

scholarly journals Natriuretic peptide system expression in murine and human submandibular salivary glands: a study of the spatial localisation of ANB, BNP, CNP and their receptors

2019 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-13
Author(s):  
Araz Ahmed ◽  
Alessandro Gulino ◽  
Simita Amayo ◽  
Walter Arancio ◽  
Ada Maria Florena ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Natriuretic Peptide ◽  
Autonomic Nerves ◽  
Submandibular Salivary Glands ◽  
Peptide System ◽  
Glandular Structures ◽  
Gland Function ◽  
Autocrine Signalling ◽  
Natriuretic Peptide System

Abstract The natriuretic peptide (NP) system comprises of three ligands, the Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP), Brain Natriuretic peptide (BNP) and C-type Natriuretic peptide (CNP), and three natriuretic peptide receptors, NPRA, NPRB and NPRC. Here we present a comprehensive study of the natriuretic peptide system in healthy murine and human submandibular salivary glands (SMGs). We show CNP is the dominant NP in mouse and human SMG and is expressed together with NP receptors in ducts, autonomic nerves and the microvasculature of the gland, suggesting CNP autocrine signalling may take place in some of these glandular structures. These data suggest the NP system may control salivary gland function during homeostasis through the regulation of electrolyte re-absorption, neural stimulation and/or blood vessel wall contraction/relaxation. We also show abnormal expression of NPRA in the stroma of a subset of human SMGs resected from patients diagnosed with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) of non-salivary gland origin. This finding warrants further research to investigate a possible correlation between early OSCC invasion and NPRA overexpression.

The evolution of semantics and language‑games for meaning

2006 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahti-Veikko Pietarinen
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Games ◽  
Common Ground ◽  
Evolutionary Games ◽  
Interactive Systems ◽  
Evolutionary Development ◽  
Language Games ◽  
The World ◽  
Evolutionary Aspects ◽  
Pragmatist Philosophy

To understand evolutionary aspects of communication is to understand the evolutionary development of the meaning relations between language and the world. Such meaning relations are established by the application of the interactive systems of semantic games. Subsumed under the evolutionary framework of repeated games, semantics in such games refers to the cases in which stable meanings survive populations of strategically interacting players. The viability of compositionality, common ground and salience in such evolutionary games is assessed. Foundationally, the discussion is rooted in Charles S. Peirce’s pragmatist philosophy.

VACCINATION IN AQUACULTURE: HISTORY, PATTERNS AND FEATURES OF THE WORK

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-100
Author(s):  
E. А. Zavyalova ◽  
◽  
A. Е. Droshnev ◽  
K. Yu. Bulina ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Disease Prevention ◽  
Production Management ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Evolutionary Development ◽  
Acquired Immunity ◽  
Comparative Immunology ◽  
Different Types

Historically, different types of fish served as the object of comparative immunology for studying the evolutionary development of immunity. With an increase in the rate of industrial fish rearing, the deterrent role of diseases was established, but at that stage the fight against them was carried out through chemotherapy with antibacterial substances. A special feature of aquaculture is the greater dependence of grown fish on environmental factors that are not influenced as in animal husbandry; therefore, the protection of the organism, based on natural or acquired immunity, is one of the most important components of the health of hydrobionts. In modern aquaculture, disease prevention based on stimulating the immune system – vaccination is an integral part of production management.

scholarly journals Identifying environmental factors associated with the genetic structure of the New Zealand scallop: linking seascape genetics and ecophysiological tolerance

2015 ◽  
Vol 73 (7) ◽  
pp. 1925-1934 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catarina N. S. Silva ◽  
Jonathan P. A. Gardner
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Environmental Variables ◽  
Evolutionary Dynamics ◽  
Geographic Distance ◽  
Suspended Particulate Matter Concentration ◽  
Seascape Genetics

Abstract Understanding the processes responsible for shaping the spatial genetic patterns of species is critical for predicting evolutionary dynamics and defining significant evolutionary and/or management units. Here, we investigated the potential role of environmental factors in shaping the genetic structure of the endemic New Zealand scallop Pecten novaezelandiae using a seascape genetics approach. For this, we assayed genetic variation at 12 microsatellite markers in 952 individuals collected from 14 sites throughout New Zealand, and used data for 9 site-specific environmental variables (3 geospatial and 6 environmental variables). Our results indicate that a combination of environmental factors may be contributing to the observed patterns of genetic differentiation, but in particular, freshwater discharge and suspended particulate matter concentration were identified as being important. Environmental variation in these parameters may be acting as a barrier to gene flow. In terms of their ecophysiology, scallops are not particularly tolerant of high concentrations of either freshwater input or suspended sediment, making the identification of an association between these environmental variables and genetic variation particularly relevant across the full distributional range of this species. Although geographic distance between populations was also an important variable explaining the genetic variation among populations, it appears that levels of genetic differentiation are not a simple function of interpopulation distance. This study has identified previously unknown environmental factors that may be acting on the genetic structure of the New Zealand scallop and highlights the utility of seascape genetic studies to better understand the processes shaping the genetic structure of organisms.

scholarly journals Evolutionary Overview of Central Banking in Nepal: An Account of Law and Practice

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-120
Author(s):  
Satya Narayan Kalika
Keyword(s):  
Central Banks ◽  
Central Banking ◽  
Evolutionary Development ◽  
Legal Research ◽  
The Law ◽  
Evolutionary Aspects

 There are a number of legal and non-legal research works done in regard to analyzing the powers, functions and roles of Central Banks. However, there is the need of a study on the evolutionary aspects of central banking laws and practices. This study aims to fulfill that purpose by giving an account of the historical and evolutionary development of central banking in Nepal. It highlights both the law and practice parts of the evolution of central banking, and gives an account of the major laws and their enactments.

scholarly journals Utilizing endocrine secretory pathways in salivary glands for systemic gene therapeutics

2004 ◽  
Vol 199 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonis Voutetakis ◽  
Jianghua Wang ◽  
Bruce J. Baum
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Secretory Pathways

scholarly journals Historical and evolutional analysis of the formation and development of management accounting as an independent science

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (3) ◽  
pp. 5-9
Author(s):  
Алексей Бобрышев ◽  
Aleksey Bobryshev ◽  
Елизавета Медведева ◽  
Elizaveta Medvedeva
Keyword(s):  
Management Accounting ◽  
The State ◽  
Evolutionary Development ◽  
Evolutionary Processes ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Evolutionary Aspects

The article describes the evolutionary aspects of the formation of man- agement accounting as an independent science, given the prerequisites that influenced the creation of management accounting in our country, highlight- ed and characterized the main stages of the development of management accounting. According to the results of the study, a number of regularities of the historical and evolutionary development of management accounting were formulated, in particular, the discrepancy between the periodization of the development of management accounting in Russia and global practice; the impact of evolutionary processes in the economy on the formation of management accounting tools; the focus of domestic accounting practices on the implementation of the fiscal functions of the state; mismatch of ob- jects and objects of management accounting, etc.

COVID-19 and nutrition: new emphases, old priorities (review of guidelines)

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 2576
Author(s):  
N. S. Karamnova ◽  
O. M. Drapkina
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Eating ◽  
Food Processing ◽  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Micronutrient Deficiency ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
Noncommunicable Diseases ◽  
Prolonged Stay ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Isolation Period ◽  
Food Consumed

Currently, the relevance of nutritional issues is due to two significant reasons: an increased risk of COVID-19 infection and prolonged stay at home (self-isolation). As part of the first block, guidelines on healthy eating are supplemented by the rules of personal hygiene, sanitary-andhygienic food processing, food technology, the proper storage temperature, etc, and of the second — by maintaining the healthy diet assortment: planning purchase products with long shelf life, complaining with the recommended composition, amount of food consumed and diet. The latter are aimed at monitoring the development of macro- and micronutrient deficiency and the prevention of nutrition-dependent risk factors for chronic noncommunicable diseases, given the low physical activity during self-isolation period. The article provides an overview of expert additions to the guidelines on healthy eating during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Ecological groups of estuarine macrobenthic invertebrates in the Baie de Somme (France): changes in time and space

2002 ◽  
Vol 82 (5) ◽  
pp. 749-769 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.-P. Ducrotoy ◽  
F. Ibanez
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Seasonal Variations ◽  
Probabilistic Approach ◽  
Ecological Approach ◽  
Ecological Groups ◽  
Soft Substrate ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Species Numbers ◽  
European Programme

This work is an interpretation of a chronological data set on abundances of estuarine soft substrate invertebrates using an ecological approach. The data were collected in the framework of the European programme COST 647 (Coopération Scientifique et Technique) on coastal benthic ecology which terminated in 1992. Species numbers and selected environmental factors were recorded at two stations in the Baie de Somme (France) from 1981 to 1992. Inter-annual and seasonal variations in benthos numbers were analysed using a plotting procedure based on a non-probabilistic approach, proposed by Andrews in 1972. Ecological groups of species were identified and succession in time described, coinciding with alterations in the landings of cockles Cerastoderma edule. The chronological data set was processed through the application of the cumulated function, giving directly intensity and duration of any changes in relation to the climate and water quality, especially potential eutrophication manifestations.

scholarly journals Framing major prebiotic transitions as stages of protocell development: three challenges for origins-of-life research

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 1388-1395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben Shirt-Ediss ◽  
Sara Murillo-Sánchez ◽  
Kepa Ruiz-Mirazo
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary Dynamics ◽  
Prebiotic Chemistry ◽  
Difficult Problem ◽  
Evolutionary Development ◽  
Bulk Solution ◽  
Reaction Networks ◽  
Early Earth ◽  
Complex Reaction ◽  
Solution Sets ◽  
Living Organisms

Conceiving the process of biogenesis as the evolutionary development of highly dynamic and integrated protocell populations provides the most appropriate framework to address the difficult problem of how prebiotic chemistry bridged the gap to full-fledged living organisms on the early Earth. In this contribution we briefly discuss the implications of taking dynamic, functionally integrated protocell systems (rather than complex reaction networks in bulk solution, sets of artificially evolvable replicating molecules, or even these same replicating molecules encapsulated in passive compartments) as the proper units of prebiotic evolution. We highlight, in particular, how the organisational features of those chemically active and reactive protocells, at different stages of the process, would strongly influence their corresponding evolutionary capacities. As a result of our analysis, we suggest three experimental challenges aimed at constructing protocell systems made of a diversity of functionally coupled components and, thereby, at characterizing more precisely the type of prebiotic evolutionary dynamics that such protocells could engage in.

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