scholarly journals On the Issue of Eyeball Topography Development in the Intermediate Fetal Period of Human Ontogenesis

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 53-59
Author(s):  
S. I. Naidenova ◽  
E. D. Lutsai
Keyword(s):  
Educational Institution ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Rectus Muscle ◽  
Posterior Pole ◽  
Human Anatomy ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Central Position ◽  
Fetal Period ◽  
Group I ◽  
Human Ontogenesis

The article considers the microtopography of the eyeball during the intermediate fetal period of human ontogenesis.Objective – to identify the features of qualitative and quantitative topography characteristics development of the eyeball with the orbit and its contents in the intermediate fetal period of human ontogenesisMaterial and methods. The study was conducted on 50 fetuses of both genders (25 male, 25 female) aged from the 14th to the 27th week of gestation, which make up the collection of Human Anatomy Department of the Federal State Budget Educational Institution of Higher Education Orenburg State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. All the material was divided into three age groups: group I (14–18 weeks) contained 18 fetuses, group II (19–23 weeks) contained 19 fetuses, group III (24–27 weeks) contained 13 fetuses. The work was performed by methods of macromicroscopic preparation, by modified N. I. Pirogov's oversplitting method, and by histotopographic method.Results. At an earlier stage, the eyeball occupies a central position in the orbit. By the end of the intermediate fetal period of human ontogenesis, the eyeball shifts closer to the medial wall of the orbit. In the intermediate fetal period of human ontogenesis, the entrance to the orbit has the shape of an ellipse with a height and width equal to 15.01±3.98 mm and 13.91±3.25 mm, respectively. The thickness of the medial, lateral, upper and lower walls of the orbit in the intermediate fetal period is 0.46±0.12 mm, 1.98±0.41 mm, 0.45±0.12 mm and 2.11±0.62 mm, respectively. The predominance of length and thickness of the medial rectus muscle of eye over the lateral rectus muscle of eye was noted in all observation groups.Conclusions. The eyeball topography in the intermediate fetal period of human ontogenesis is similar to the topography in the childhood and adult periods, but it has its own fetal features: the shape of the eyeball, the position in the orbit, the relation to the auxiliary apparatus. The most complex topographic and anatomical relationships are noted at the posterior pole of the eyeball in the area of the visual canal.

scholarly journals FETAL ANATOMY OF PARATHYROID GLANDS

2020 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lesia Ya. Lopushniak ◽  
Тatiana V. Khmara ◽  
Оleh М. Boichuk ◽  
Mariana A. Ryznychuk ◽  
Leonid V. Shvyhar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Jugular Vein ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Parathyroid Glands ◽  
Brachiocephalic Vein ◽  
Human Fetuses ◽  
Crown Rump Length ◽  
Fetal Period ◽  
External Structure ◽  
Human Ontogenesis ◽  
The Right

The aim: To study the forms of anatomical variability of the external structure of the upper and lower parathyroid glands in the fetal period of human ontogenesis. Materials and methods: The study involved 48 specimens of human fetuses with 81,0-375,0 mm of crown-rump length (CRL). The study was conducted by means of macromicroscopic preparation, morphometry and variation statistics method. Results: The age and individual anatomical variability, complex way of development and formation of synotopic embryotropographic correlations of the upper and lower parathyroid glands in the prenatal period of human ontogenesis create numerous prerequisites for the emergence of variants of their external structure and topography in the fetuses of both different and the same age groups. Conclusions: There is a significant anatomical variability of the upper and lower parathyroid glands in 4-10-month-old fetuses, which is manifested by varieties of their shape and topical location. Aplasia of the upper parathyroid glands, which was found in two human fetuses aged 7 months, was due to the fetures of their organogenesis and the formation of syntopy in the embryonic and prefetal periods of their development. Parathyroid glands are mainly supplied with blood by the branches of the inferior thyroid artery. The branches of the upper thyroid artery and the arteries of adjacent organs: larynx, trachea and esophagus are involved in the blood supply. The right and left inferior thyroid veins are tributaries of the corresponding brachiocephalic vein, paired (right and left) superior and middle thyroid veins are those for the internal jugular vein.

scholarly journals Growth rate of thyroid gland in human fetus

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 4-7
Author(s):  
Nuriya I. Murtazina ◽  
Elena D. Lutsai ◽  
Sofya V. Ershova
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Fetal Life ◽  
Active Growth ◽  
Fetal Period ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Right Lobe ◽  
The Right

Objectives to determine the thyroid gland growth rate in the intermediate fetal period of human ontogenesis. Material and methods. The thyroid glands of 60 male and female fetuses aged from 14 to 27 weeks were the subject of this research. The material was divided according to fetus age in three groups: Group I from 14 to 18 weeks, Group II from 19 to 22 weeks and Group III from 23 to 27 weeks. Results. The study revealed the increase in all dimensions of thyroid gland related to the increase of fetus age. During the intermediate fetal period of ontogenesis, the growth varied from 19% (for the anteroposterior isthmus size) to 59% (for the right lobe height). The thyroid gland growth rate for different sex groups varied between 24% and 60% in female fetuses, in male fetuses from 20% to 57%. Besides, the thyroid lobes and isthmus of female fetuses grew at a higher rate than those of the male fetuses. The uneven growth of the anatomical structure was also registered when comparing different age groups within the intermediate fetal period. The highest rate of thyroid gland growth was observed starting from the 22nd week of fetal life; until the 19th week the growth rate ranged between 7% (isthmus) and 25% (right lobe). The study of the thyroid gland growth rate in female and male fetuses in different age groups revealed identical tendencies involving the active growth of thyroid gland dimensions starting from the 22nd week.

scholarly journals DEVELOPMENTAL PECULIARITIES OF TOPOGRAPHIC MORPHOLOGY OF CERVICAL FASCIA AND CELLULAR SPACES IN ANTERIOR AND LATERAL CERVICAL REGIONS IN HUMAN FETUSES

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 150-156
Author(s):  
L. Ya. Lopushniak ◽  
T. V. Khmara ◽  
O. F. Marchuk ◽  
O. M. Boichuk ◽  
L. М. Gerasym ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microscopic Investigation ◽  
Human Anatomy ◽  
Cervical Region ◽  
Human Fetuses ◽  
Association Agreement ◽  
Fetal Period ◽  
Human Ontogenesis ◽  
Depth Study ◽  
Medical University ◽  
Morphological Research

In-depth study of the peculiarities of the morphological, topographic and anatomical relationships between fascia, muscles, vessels, nerves, cellular spaces and organs of other parts of the human body requires applying an appropriate methodology of morphological research. According to some researchers, the superficial, pretracheal, and prevertebral plates of the cervical fascia develop depending on the origin and morphogenesis of the respective groups of neck muscles. Obtaining data on the development of topographic morphology of the cervical fascia and interfascial cellular spaces of the anterior and lateral areas of the neck during the fetal period of human ontogenesis is an important area of fetal anatomy and surgery and can be used for age comparison. The purpose of the study was to clarify the peculiarities of the development of the topographic morphology in the cervical fascia and interfascial cellular spaces of the anterior and lateral areas of the neck in human fetuses of 4-10 months of gestation. The study was performed on 75 human fetuses of 81.0-375.0 mm parietal coccygeal length without external signs of anatomical abnormalities or developmental anomalies of the cervical region by preparing microscopic slides of organs and structures of the anterior and lateral areas of the neck. The samples taken from fetuses weighing more than 500.0 g were investigated directly at the Chernivtsi Regional Paediatric Pathological Bureau according to the association agreement. The material was also taken from the M.G. Turkevich Museum of the Human Anatomy Department, Bukovinian State Medical University. The macroscopic and microscopic investigation of the cervical region in human fetuses of 4-7 months revealed thin, semitranslucent plates of the cervical fascia: superficial, middle (pretracheal) and deep (prevertebral). In fetuses of 8-10 months in the anterior area of the neck, the plates of the cervical fascia were clearly seen and shiny. Subcutaneous, or superficial, and intracervical fascias were fascias propria of the neck, and having no clear boundaries passed into adjacent areas. In the fetal period of human ontogenesis the interfascial cellular spaces of the anterior and lateral areas of the neck develop including suprapectoral, anterovisceral, extravisceral, antescalenous, interscalenous cellular spaces and sheath of vascular-nervous bundles of the neck. During the fetal period of human ontogenesis, there is a pronounced variation in the development and location of the plates of the cervical fascia. The authors of this study state that the research and result publication have no conflicts regarding commercial or financial relations, relations with organizations and/or individuals who may have been related to the study.

Reliability of the Mangled Extremity Severity Score in the Management of Peripheral Vascular Injuries in Children: A Retrospective Review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Mousa ◽  
Ossama M. Zakaria ◽  
Mai A. Elkalla ◽  
Lotfy A. Abdelsattar ◽  
Hamad Al-Game'a
Keyword(s):  
Severity Score ◽  
Vein Graft ◽  
Bypass Surgery ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Vascular Injuries ◽  
Peripheral Vascular ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Mangled Extremity ◽  
Group I ◽  
End To End

AbstractThis study was aimed to evaluate different management modalities for peripheral vascular trauma in children, with the aid of the Mangled Extremity Severity Score (MESS). A single-center retrospective analysis took place between 2010 and 2017 at University Hospitals, having emergencies and critical care centers. Different types of vascular repair were adopted by skillful vascular experts and highly trained pediatric surgeons. Patients were divided into three different age groups. Group I included those children between 5 and 10 years; group II involved pediatrics between 11 and 15 years; while children between 16 and 21 years participated in group III. We recruited 183 children with peripheral vascular injuries. They were 87% males and 13% females, with the mean age of 14.72 ± 04. Arteriorrhaphy was performed in 32%; end-to-end anastomosis and natural vein graft were adopted in 40.5 and 49%, respectively. On the other hand, 10.5% underwent bypass surgery. The age groups I and II are highly susceptible to penetrating trauma (p = 0.001), while patients with an extreme age (i.e., group III) are more susceptible to blunt injury (p = 0.001). The MESS has a significant correlation to both age groups I and II (p = 0.001). Vein patch angioplasty and end-to-end primary repair should be adopted as the main treatment options for the repair of extremity vascular injuries in children. Moreover, other treatment modalities, such as repair with autologous vein graft/bypass surgery, may be adopted whenever possible. They are cost-effective, reliable, and simple techniques with fewer postoperative complication, especially in poor/limited resources.

DEVELOPMENT OF ARTERIAL VESSELS OF THE STOMACH IN THE LATE FETAL PERIOD OF HUMAN ONTOGENESIS AND IN NEWBORNS

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (67) ◽  
pp. 159
Author(s):  
A. O. Loytra ◽  
A. A. Shkrobanets ◽  
O. M. Boichuk ◽  
L. Ya. Lopushniak ◽  
R. R. Dmytrenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fetal Period ◽  
Human Ontogenesis

Мониторинг показателей эффективности целевого приема в дальневосточном государственном медицинском университете

2019 ◽  
pp. 57-61
Keyword(s):  
Educational Institution ◽  
Medical Personnel ◽  
Comparative Assessment ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Specialty Training ◽  
State Budget ◽  
Eastern State ◽  
Medical University ◽  
Far Eastern ◽  
Passing Score

The article analyzes the dynamics of the indicators of target enrollment and education at the Federal State Budget Educational Institution of Higher Education of the Far Eastern State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia for the period from 2013 to 2018, a comparative assessment of the passing score for the places of targeted enrollment and the main places depending on the specialty (training direction) was made, average mark of a unified state exam (USE) was analyzed; the agreements on targeted training with the assessment of measures of social support were analyzed, as well as proposals were formulated to improve the activities of targeted training of medical personnel.

Aging society: prospects for improving the quality of life

2020 ◽  
Vol 92 (3) ◽  
pp. 193-201
Author(s):  
O. A. Bortniuk ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Elderly People ◽  
Senile Dementia ◽  
Educational Institution ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Social Institution ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Functional Impairments ◽  
Eastern State ◽  
Aging Society ◽  
Free Environment

The article is devoted to the issues related to the phenomenon of “aging society”. The relevance of creating a barrier-free environment for the elderly is dictated by the current demographic trend towards an increase in life expectancy, an increase in its quality. The number of centenarians with functional impairments (senile dementia, Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s) who require care at a qualitatively new level is increasing. Innovative form of organizing the leisure of the elderly «Kindergarten for the elderly people» is considered as one of the ways to solve the problem. Based on the data of a study conducted by the Federal state budgetary educational institution of higher education of the Far-Eastern state medical university of the Ministry of Health of Russia in 2020, identified the need to create a social institution «Kindergarten for the elderly people». The article notes the need for older people to adapt to the changing conditions of their life in the society saturated with gadgets and information.

scholarly journals A CBCT Based Three-Dimensional Assessment of Mandibular Posterior Region for Evaluating the Possibility of Bypassing the Inferior Alveolar Nerve While Placing Dental Implants

Diagnostics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed G. Sghaireen ◽  
Kumar Chandan Srivastava ◽  
Deepti Shrivastava ◽  
Kiran Kumar Ganji ◽  
Santosh R. Patil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nerve Injury ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Inferior Alveolar Nerve ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Cortical Plate ◽  
Computed Tomography Images ◽  
Group I ◽  
Linear Distance ◽  
The Right

A high rate of nerve injury and related consequences are seen during implant placement in the posterior mandibular arch. An approach has been proposed to avoid nerve injury by dodging the inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) while placing an implant. A prospective study with a total of 240 CBCT (cone beam computed tomography) images of patients with three dentate statuses, namely, edentulous (group I), partially edentulous (group II) and dentate (group III) were included in the study. The nerve path tracing was done on CBCT images with On-demand 3D software. The three dimensions, i.e., the linear distance from the outer buccal cortical plate to the inferior alveolar nerve (BCPN), linear distance from the outer lingual cortical plate to the inferior alveolar nerve (LCPN) and linear distance from the midpoint of the alveolar crest to the inferior alveolar nerve (ACN) were assessed. The data were presented and analyzed between variables using one-way ANOVA and independent t-test in SPSS version 21.LCPN of the right 1st premolar region (p < 0.05) was significantly different among the groups with edentulous subjects recorded with the minimum value (6.50 ± 1.20 mm). Females were found to have significantly (p < 0.05) less available bone (6.03 ± 1.46 mm) on the right side of the mandibular jaw compared to males in edentulous group of patients. On comparing age groups for partially edentulous subjects, LCPN of the right 1st premolar region had significantly (p < 0.05) less available bone (6.03 ± 0.38 mm) in subjects with age ≥54 years. The IAN follows a lingual course in the molar region and later flips to the buccal side in the premolar region. The LCPN dimension in the 1st and 2nd premolar region was found to be more than 6 mm irrespective of age, gender and side of the jaw. Thus, it can be considered as a suitable site for placing implants while bypassing the IAN with CBCT assessment remaining as the mainstay in the pre-surgical phase.

scholarly journals Physical Activity of Serbian Children in Daycare

Children ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 161
Author(s):  
Milenko Janković ◽  
Maja Batez ◽  
Dušan Stupar ◽  
Jelena Obradović ◽  
Nebojša Trajković
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Early Childhood ◽  
Urban Environment ◽  
Educational Institution ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Preschool Age ◽  
Variance Test ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Novi Sad

Background: Monitoring of physical activity within the educational institution is of great importance, primarily because of the orientation and content implemented in the daycare. This research aimed to examine the number of steps children took during their stay in daycare with regards to age, gender and the frequency of going out. Methods: The research was conducted in four daycares in the urban environment of Novi Sad (Republic of Serbia), where 231 children, aged 5 to 7, were monitored (129 boys and 102 girls). Data on the number of steps were obtained using the pedometers. Results: The result of the univariate analysis of the variance test confirmed a statistically significant difference in the number of steps in relation to the age of children (p = 0.04). Boys were more active than girls in both age groups (p = 0.001). Children who were going to the daycare yard three to five times a week took drastically more steps than children who went up to twice a week (p = 0.001). Conclusion: The results of the current study show that age, gender, and time spent outdoors are significant determinants of physical activity in preschool age. Therefore, interventions regarding physical activity should be made during early childhood in order to promote health and prevent disease.

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