scholarly journals Problems of the Medical Staff and Supporting Them in Fighting Against COVID‐19 Epidemic

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aysooda Hooshmand Imanloo ◽  
Hossein Sharafi ◽  
Fatima Rezaei ◽  
Ayda Hooshmand Imanloo ◽  
Farzaneh Barkhordari
Keyword(s):  
Medical Staff ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Front Line ◽  
Psychological Variables ◽  
Physical Problems ◽  
Literature Searches ◽  
Poor Social Support ◽  
Psychological Pressure ◽  
History Of ◽  
Treatment And Diagnosis

Background: COVID‐19 has a significant impact on public health and poses a challenge to medical staff, especially to front‐line medical staff who are exposed to and in direct contact with patients. Medical staff were under enormous physical and psychological pressure due to overwork, high risk of infection, and isolation during COVID-19. Methods: The aim of this study was to review the literature on health problems of medical staff and supporting program for them during COVID-19 pandemic disease. Literature searches were performed on the following databases: Pubmed, Sciencedirect, Scopus, Google Scholar, ProQuest, SID, Iranmedax and Magiran. The types of articles published during the outbreak that were relevant to the subject were searched. Results: A review of the literature showed that current research focuses on assessing several aspects of COVID-19-induced mental health in medical staff. Stress, anxiety, sleep disorders, depression, burnout, fatigue and physical problems are among the serious issues of the medical staff in the front line of the Corona fight. Various demographic variables such as gender, occupation, long working hours, history of mental illness and psychological variables such as poor social support, self-efficacy were important risk factors. Conclusion: Regular screening of medical staff involved in the treatment and diagnosis of patients with COVID-19 should be performed to assess physical and psychological problems using multidisciplinary psychiatric teams.

scholarly journals History of sports medicine in east European countries

2015 ◽  
Vol 68 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 59-65
Author(s):  
Biljana Lazovic ◽  
Sanja Mazic ◽  
Marina Djelic ◽  
Jelena Suzic-Lazic ◽  
Radmila Sparic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sports Medicine ◽  
Medical Knowledge ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Cultural Changes ◽  
East European ◽  
Psychological Pressure ◽  
History Of ◽  
Eastern European Countries

The purpose of this article is to provide a historical background of medicine, science and sports with the focus on the development of modern sports medicine in European countries, with an accent on Eastern European countries that have a long sports medicine tradition. The development of modern sports medicine began at the end of 19th and the beginning of 20th century, and it has been associated with social and cultural changes in the world of medicine, science and sports. Advanced medical knowledge, skills and practices, and the progress of scientific achievements enabled sports people to improve their performance level. Increased popularisation and commercialisation of sports have resulted from urbanization and city lifestyle, leading to the lack of physical activity and increased psychological pressure. In addition, the growing need and interest in sports and successes in professional sports have become a symbol of international recognition and prestige for the nations.

scholarly journals The risk of vicarious trauma among front-line and non-front-line midwives and nurses

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Süleyman Cemil Oğlak ◽  
Mehmet Obut
Keyword(s):  
Health Care Workers ◽  
Medical Staff ◽  
Vicarious Trauma ◽  
Vicarious Traumatization ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Front Line ◽  
Care Workers ◽  
Hospital Wards ◽  
The Impact

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the impact of caring with pandemic patients on health care workers who worked in the front line versus their collegues from the same institution who remained in their usual hospital  wards. Material and methods: This prospective descriptive study was conducted during the Covid-19 pandemic from June 25, 2020 to July 03, 2020. A total of 107 licensed registered nurses enrolled the study. 58 of them were front-line nurses and 49 of them were nurses remained in their usual wards. All participants evaluated by the vicarious traumatization (VT) evaluation scale. Results: The VT scores of the front-line nurses were significantly higher than those of the non-front-line nurses (p<0.001). When the domains in the VT score were evaluated, it was seen that the psychological responses and physiological responses of the front-line nurses were significantly higher compared to the non-front-line nurses (p<0.001). Conclusion: Medical staff working on the FL for Covid-19 patients had higher scores of vicarious traumatization compared to medical staff serving in their usual wards. The challenges of prolonged care of Covid-19 patients will put pressure on these professionals, and the leadership must emphasize the importance of medical staff mental health for the better control of the pandemic.

scholarly journals Prevalence and correlates of psychological distress in the front-line anti-epidemic medical staff during the COVID-19 outbreak in Wuhan

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (13) ◽  
pp. 0-0
Author(s):  
Han Wang ◽  
Nan Yao ◽  
Yinpei Guo ◽  
Yingan Pan ◽  
Mengzi Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Medical Staff ◽  
Front Line

Planning on the Potomac: A Review Essay on Jason E. Taylor’s Deconstructing the Monolith: The Microeconomics of the National Industrial Recovery Act

2021 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 244-264
Author(s):  
Joshua K. Hausman
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual History ◽  
Great Depression ◽  
Review Essay ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Fair Competition ◽  
The Great Depression ◽  
Econometric Evidence ◽  
History Of ◽  
Recovery Act

Taylor (2019) details heterogeneity in the effects of the National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA) across industries and across time. Through first the President’s Reemployment Act (PRA) and then industry-specific “codes of fair competition,” the NIRA raised wages and restricted working hours. In some—but far from all—cases industries also used a NIRA code to collude, raising prices and restricting output. The effect of the NIRA peaked in fall 1933 and winter 1934; thereafter, compliance declined. I review the intellectual history of the NIRA, the implementation of the PRA and the NIRA codes, and Taylor’s econometric evidence on their effects. I end with a discussion of the implications of Taylor’s book for understanding the effect of the NIRA on US recovery from the Great Depression. (JEL D72, G01, H50, N32, N42)

Introduction to Faith in State Legislatures

2017 ◽  
pp. 1-25
Keyword(s):  
Social Change ◽  
Public Policies ◽  
State Legislatures ◽  
State Legislators ◽  
Front Line ◽  
United State ◽  
Party Control ◽  
Politics And Culture ◽  
History Of ◽  
Change State

This chapter introduces the complex history of the relationships among faith, politics and culture in state legislatures. Each of these concepts is explored by organizing them into three themes: separation, demography and polarization. The direction and content of public policies across the United State are influenced by these elements contributing to either the support or opposition to social change. State legislators are on the front line of these ideological divides. These variations by region contribute to the increase in single party control and have generated pronounced policy differences.

scholarly journals Is a clinician’s personal history of domestic violence associated with their clinical care of patients: a cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. e029276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth McLindon ◽  
Cathy Humphreys ◽  
Kelsey Hegarty
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Violence ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Maternity Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Front Line ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
History Of ◽  
Workplace Supports

ObjectiveTo investigate whether domestic violence (DV) impacts on health professionals’ clinical care of DV survivor patients.Design, settingDescriptive, cross-sectional study at an Australian tertiary maternity hospital.Participants471 participating female health professionals (45.0% response rate).Outcome measuresUsing logistic and linear regression, we examined whether health professionals’ exposure to lifetime DV was associated with their clinical care on specific measures of training, attitudes, identification and intervention.ResultsDV survivor health professionals report greater preparedness to intervene with survivor patients in a way that is consistent with ideal clinical care. This indicates that personal DV experience is not a barrier, and may be a facilitator, to clinical care of survivor patients.ConclusionsHealth professionals are at the front line of identifying and responding to patients who have experienced DV. These findings provide evidence that survivor health professionals may be a strength to the healthcare organisations in which they work since among the participants in this study, they appear to be doing more of the work seen as better clinical care of survivor patients. We discuss the need for greater workplace supports aimed at promoting safety and recovery from violence and strengthening clinical practice with patients.

The Time of Pioneers

1999 ◽  
Vol 5 (S2) ◽  
pp. 542-543
Author(s):  
J. Philibert
Keyword(s):  
Electron Probe ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Doctoral Degree ◽  
Quartz Crystals ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Physical Problems ◽  
Main Column ◽  
Continuous Background ◽  
History Of ◽  
Electron Microscopes

This paper will cover the history of the first steps of electron probe microanalysis. I was not personally involved with the electron microprobe at the very beginning, although I have been fully involved in the field from 1955. Nevertheless I have interesting information about the heroic times - when, just after the World War, Raimond Castaing was preparing for his doctoral degree.In January 1947, R. Castaing, graduate in physics, joined the Institute for Aeronautical Research (ONERA), recently created by the French government. In the Materials Science Department, he was very lucky to be endowed with two electron microscopes, very exceptional equipment - a real luxury in 1948. The first one, an American RCA instrument was devoted to metallurgical studies. The second one, build by a French company, was cannibalized by Castaing to produce a fine electron beam to perform point chemical analysis. The idea was suggested to him by Andre Guinier, a famous x-ray crystallographer (Guinier-Preston zones, discovered in 1939) as the best way to solve identification problems in metallography. Castaing was not so enthusiastic about this proposal; the story seemed to him too simple, so simple, he thought, that it was quite surprising that nobody had done it before; but he soon had to face many physical problems that made him understand why many people probably failed, especially lens aberrations that had to be corrected to produce the intense, fine beam of electrons. Another question soon arose about x-ray detection. It was easy to detect the continuous background, but not very informative. Finally Guinier lent Castaing one of his precious quartz crystals (specially cut and ground, of the Johanson type); it was adjusted on a small spectrograph that fitted the outside of the main column (safety rules were in their infancy!). In the first days of 1949, he was able to measure characteristic x-ray emission from a l-μm, 4 nA electron probe. Considering the poor conditions in France after the terrible war, the rapidity with which this result was obtained is quite remarkable.

Women Pluralists Negotiating Immigrant Children’s Health in an Era of Mass Migration (the 1960s)

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 161-186
Author(s):  
Franca Iacovetta
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
Children's Health ◽  
Children’S Health ◽  
International Institute ◽  
Front Line ◽  
Community Based ◽  
The Public ◽  
Mass Migration ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 1960S

The article explores immigrant children’s health in Toronto, Canada, during mass migration by analysing a 1960s women-led project involving southern Europeans launched by the International Institute of Metropolitan Toronto, the city’s leading immigrant agency and part of a long-standing North American pluralist movement. Focused on the immigrant female fieldworkers tasked with convincing parents known for their ‘reticence’ in dealing with ‘outsiders’ to access resources to ensure their children’s well-being, it assesses their role as interpreters for the public health nurses investigating the Italian and Portuguese children who increasingly dominated their referrals from Toronto’s downtown schools. Without exaggerating their success, it documents the women’s capacity for persuasion, and notes the value of community-based pluralist strategies in which women with links to those being served play active roles as front-line intermediaries. The article highlights the history of women’s grassroots multiculturalism and the need to consider pluralism’s possibilities as well as its limits.

scholarly journals The impact of political unrest in Ireland on Irish soldiers in the British army, 1914–18: a re-evaluation

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 (161) ◽  
pp. 50-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Destenay
Keyword(s):  
First World War ◽  
Home Rule ◽  
World War ◽  
Front Line ◽  
Political Event ◽  
The First World War ◽  
Political Unrest ◽  
Psychological Pressure ◽  
The Impact ◽  
First World

AbstractIn order better to understand the impact of political unrest in Ireland on Irish troops fighting in the First World War, it is necessary to acknowledge that the role of the 1916 Rising has been significantly overestimated, while the influence of the 1914 home rule crisis and the repercussions of the anti-conscription movement have been underestimated. The 1914 home rule crisis significantly impacted on the Germans’ view of the Irish and conditioned the treatment of Irish P.O.W.s from December 1914 onwards. In addition, the post-1916 Rising executions and the conscription crisis had a severe impact on Irish front-line units, while also sapping the morale of other British combatants. The 1916 Rising might have been dismissed as a military operation conceived by a handful of republicans, with little support from the wider population, but the conscription crisis brought about widespread defiance towards British rule throughout the whole of nationalist Ireland. In line with British public opinion, British front-line officers and men strongly resented Ireland’s refusal to support the war effort at such a crucial moment. The consequence was the widespread targeting and stigmatisation of their Irish comrades-in-arms. Some British officers and men resorted to a form of psychological pressure, aimed at the public shaming of Irish troops. This article draws on new primary sources available at The National Archives in London, Dublin City Archives and University of Leeds Library to argue that the 1916 Rising was not the only political event in Ireland to have repercussions for Irish battalions fighting in the First World War.

scholarly journals Factors associated with suicidal thoughts in a large community study of older adults

2012 ◽  
Vol 201 (6) ◽  
pp. 466-472 ◽  
Author(s):  
Osvaldo P. Almeida ◽  
Brian Draper ◽  
John Snowdon ◽  
Nicola T. Lautenschlager ◽  
Jane Pirkis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Mood Disorders ◽  
Population Attributable Fraction ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Religious Practice ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Suicidal Thoughts ◽  
Poor Social Support ◽  
History Of

BackgroundThoughts about death and self-harm in old age have been commonly associated with the presence of depression, but other risk factors may also be important.AimsTo determine the independent association between suicidal ideation in later life and demographic, lifestyle, socioeconomic, psychiatric and medical factors.MethodA cross-sectional study was conducted of a community-derived sample of 21290 adults aged 60-101 years enrolled from Australian primary care practices. We considered that participants endorsing any of the four items of the Depressive Symptom Inventory - Suicidality Subscale were experiencing suicidal thoughts. We used standard procedures to collect demographic, lifestyle, psychosocial and clinical data. Anxiety and depressive symptoms were assessed with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale.ResultsThe 2-week prevalence of suicidal ideation was 4.8%. Male gender, higher education, current smoking, living alone, poor social support, no religious practice, financial strain, childhood physical abuse, history of suicide in the family, past depression, current anxiety, depression or comorbid anxiety and depression, past suicide attempt, pain, poor self-perceived health and current use of antidepressants were independently associated with suicidal ideation. Poor social support was associated with a population attributable fraction of 38.0%, followed by history of depression (23.6%), concurrent anxiety and depression (19.7%), prevalent anxiety (15.1%), pain (13.7%) and no religious practice (11.4%).ConclusionsPrevalent and past mood disorders seem to be valid targets for indicated interventions designed to reduce suicidal thoughts and behaviour. However, our data indicate that social disconnectedness and stress account for a larger proportion of cases than mood disorders. Should these associations prove to be causal, then interventions that succeeded in addressing these issues would contribute the most to reducing suicidal ideation and, possibly, suicidal behaviour in later life.

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