scholarly journals Phenotypic Investigation of the Antimicrobial Effect of Organic and Hydro-Alcoholic Extracts of Boswellia serrata on Oral Microbiota

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sedigheh Bakhtiari ◽  
Fatemeh Nematzade ◽  
Mojdeh Hakemi-Vala ◽  
Ghazaleh Talebi
Keyword(s):  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Candida Krusei ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Oral Microbiota ◽  
Alcoholic Extract ◽  
Boswellia Serrata ◽  
Organic Extract ◽  
Minimum Fungicidal Concentration

Objectives: Considering the emergence of resistant microbes and side effects of chemical drugs, in this study, the inhibitory effect of organic and hydro-alcoholic extracts of Boswellia serrata (B. serrata) on some oral microbiota was investigated. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, standard strains of Candida albicans (C. albicans; PTCC 5027), Candida glabrata (C. glabrata; PTCC 5295), Candida krusei (C. krusei; PTCC 5297), and Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans; PTCC 1688) were collected from the Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology (IROST). Then, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of organic and hydro-alcoholic extracts of B. serrata was determined based on the CLSI protocol and using the micro-dilution method. The contents of each well were subcultured in Müller-Hinton agar (Candida species) and blood agar (S. mutans). The lowest concentration with no growth was considered as the minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) or bactericidal concentration (MBC). Statistical analyses were performed using Mann-Whitney test. Results: Hydro-alcoholic extract of B. serrata at the concentration of 50 mg/ml inhibited the growth of C. albicans and S. mutans. It also inhibited the growth of C. krusei and C. glabrata at the concentration of 100 mg/ml. Organic extract of B. serrata at the concentration of 200 mg/ml only inhibited the growth of C. glabrata. Conclusion: Hydro-alcoholic extract of B. serrata had a greater inhibitory effect on C. albicans and S. mutans compared to the organic extract.

scholarly journals INHIBITORY ACTIVITY OF ZINGIBER OFFICINALE VAR RUBRUM EXTRACT AGAINST STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 113
Author(s):  
Firnanda Iptita Dewi ◽  
Manik Retno Wahyunitisari
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Antibacterial Agent ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Zingiber Officinale ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Ginger Extract ◽  
Minimum Concentration ◽  
Red Ginger

Background: gram-negative bacteria-salmonella typhi and gram-positive bacteria-staphylococcus aureus are types of bacteria that cause infectious disease among several areas in Indonesia. Staphylococcus aureus often found in skin lesions injury. Red ginger extract (Zingiber officinale var rubrum) has been known for its medicinal value especially as an antibacterial agent. Purpose: This study aims to test the ability of Zingiber officinale var rubrum on inhibiting the growth of Staphylococcus aureus. Methods: the activity of the antibacterial agent was calculated based on Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) using dilution method. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration of extract was determined by incubating bacteria with the extract overnight at 37 0C. Changes in turbidity and inhibition on bacterial growth were then observed. Result: The results show that minimum concentration for inhibitory effect was 1000 μg/mL.Conclusion: extract of Zingiber officinale var rubrum have an inhibitory effect on the growth of Staphylococcus aureus but no activity of killing bacterial was observed on the concentration given.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Activity and Biocompatibility of the Psidium cattleianum Extracts for Endodontic Purposes

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 372-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Loiane Massunari ◽  
Renata Zoccal Novais ◽  
Márcio Teixeira Oliveira ◽  
Diego Valentim ◽  
Eloi Dezan Junior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Histological Analysis ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Psidium Cattleianum ◽  
Endodontic Infections ◽  
Tissue Reactions ◽  
Microdilution Broth ◽  
Positive Controls

Abstract Psidium cattleianum (PC) has been displaying inhibitory effect against a variety of microorganisms, but this effect has not yet been tested against endodontic pathogens. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity and biocompatibility of the aqueous (PCAE) and hydroethanolic (PCHE) extracts from Psidium cattleianum (PC) leaves. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum lethal concentration (MLC) were determined using the microdilution broth method in order to analyze the antimicrobial effect against Enterococcus faecalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Actinomyces israelii and Candida albicans in planktonic conditions. Biofilm assays were conducted only with the extracts that were able to determine the MLC for microorganisms in planktonic conditions. Immediate and late tissue reactions against PC extracts were evaluated using edemogenic test and histological analysis of subcutaneous implants in Wistar rats. The results showed that the MIC and MLC values ranged between 0.25 and 4 mg/mL. The MLC obtained for PCHE inhibited 100% growth of all the tested strains, except for C. albicans. PCAE had the same effect for E. faecalis and P. aeruginosa. Both PC extracts were able to eliminate E. faecalis biofilms and only the PCHE eliminated P. aeruginosa biofilms. The positive controls inhibited the growth of all tested strains in MIC and MLC essays, but no CHX tested concentrations were able to eliminate A. israelii biofilm. PCAE caused a discrete increase in the edema over time, while PCHE caused a higher initial edema, which decreased progressively. Both PCAE and PCHE extracts were biocompatible, but PCHE showed better results with slight levels of inflammation at 28 days. In conclusion, PCHE was biocompatible and presented better antimicrobial effect against important pathogens associated with persistent endodontic infections

Study on Synergistic Antimicrobial Effect of Origanum Vulgare L and Forsythia suspensa Essential Oils

2011 ◽  
Vol 236-238 ◽  
pp. 2332-2335
Author(s):  
Ren Yong Gu ◽  
Ai Hua Zhu ◽  
Li Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Fractional Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Origanum Vulgare ◽  
Combined Use ◽  
Forsythia Suspensa ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Extraction

Supercritical carbon dioxide extraction (SCDE) technique was used to extract essential oils of Origanum vulgare L and Forsythia suspensa. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of Origanum vulgare L essential oil and Forsythia suspensa essential oil used alone and in combination were determined by the same geometric dilution method, respectively. Then the synergistic antimicrobial effect of two essential oils was evaluated according to the calculated FIC values. The results showed that in light of the criteria of fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC), the combined use of Origanum vulgare L and Forsythia suspensa essential oils had synergistic effect on three bacteria (FIC=0.2-0.4) and on two mildews (FIC=0.1), and additive effect on two yeasts (FIC=0.8).

scholarly journals Inhibitory Effect of (-)-myrtenol alone and in combination with antifungal agents on Candida spp.

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (15) ◽  
pp. e35101522434
Author(s):  
Bruno Bezerra Cavalcanti ◽  
Hermes Diniz Neto ◽  
Walicyranison Plinio da Silva-Rocha ◽  
Edeltrudes de Oliveira Lima ◽  
José Maria Barbosa Filho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Antifungal Agent ◽  
Antifungal Agents ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Antifungal Drugs ◽  
Additive Effects ◽  
Candida Spp ◽  
Minimum Fungicidal Concentration ◽  
Fungicide Activity

The aim of this study was to examine the effects of (-)-myrtenol alone and combined with antifungal agents against Candida spp. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Fungicidal Concentration of (-)-myrtenol and fluconazole against C. albicans and C. parapsilosis strains was obtained using CLSI guidelines. Combination of (-)-myrtenol with antifungal drugs was determined by checkboard test. The (-) myrtenol showed MIC ranging from 256 to 512 µg/mL against both species assay. And the MFC was 512 µg/mL, demonstrated nature fungicidal (MFC/MIC < 4). In addition, combination of antifungal agents (amphotericin B and fluconazole) and (-) myrtenol showed synergistic and additive effects on strains assays. Based on these results, the present study demonstrates that (-) myrtenol showed strong fungicide activity against Candida spp. In addition, Combination of antifungal agents and (-) myrtenol reduces the effective concentrations of both the agents with synergistic to additive effects. Therefore, (-) myrtenol has potential to be developed into an antifungal agent.

scholarly journals IN VITRO ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY OF TIMOL AND CARVACROL ON CANDIDA SPECIES

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciana Thaís Rangel Souza ◽  
Cecília Correia Costa ◽  
Mateus Cardoso Oliveira ◽  
Isabel Celeste Caires Pereira Gusmão
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Candida Krusei ◽  
Minimum Fungicidal Concentration ◽  
Sabouraud Agar ◽  
In Vitro Antifungal Activity

Aim: to evaluate the in vitro action of thymol and carvacrol against the yeasts of Candida albicans ATCC10231 and Candida krusei ATCC34135. Method: A laboratory study was performed to evaluate antifungal activity. The characterization of the Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of the thymol essential oil was carried out using the technique where the microdilution is performed, in which a plate containing 96 wells is used. The determination of the Minimum Fungicidal Concentration (MFC) was performed by dripping 10 μL of each of the concentrations evaluated on Sabouraud agar plates. Results: The MIC of thymol and carvacrol for C. albicans was 40 μg/mL and for Candida krusei it did not present antifungal activity. While the MIC of nystatin was 0.03mg for both species with thymol and carvacrol. Conclusion: Thymol presented satisfactory antifungal activity against the pathogens studied, but carvacrol did not present antifungal activity.

scholarly journals UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIJAMUR INFUSA UMBI BAWANG PUTIH (Allium sativum L.) TERHADAP Candida albicans SERTA PROFIL KROMATOGRAFINYA

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-58
Author(s):  
Khusnul Diana
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Allium Sativum ◽  
Activity Concentration ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Minimum Fungicidal Concentration ◽  
Tube Test ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal ◽  
Layer Chromatography

As traditional medicine, bawang putih or garlic ( Allium sativum L.) can cure as antibacterial and antifungal beside on can restorative as antihypertension, antacid, carminativa (in the dyspepsia), expectorancia and anticolesterol. This research was conducted in order to know the antifungal activity of infusion of Allium sativum against Candida albicans and to identify chemical component’s of this infusion. The antifungal activity was done by liquid dilution method. The MIC (Minimal Inhibitory Concentration) and MFC (Minimal Fungicidal Concentration) value were used as parameter to determine the antifungal activity. Concentration used in this reseach were 17,5%; 16,25%; 15%; 13,75% ; 12,5% dan 11,25% v/v for Candida albicans. The activity was done by incubating the infusion with fungal in CYG DS media of 37ºC for 18-24 hours. Identification of chemical component was carried out by paper chromatography and thin layer chromatography. The result showed that the MIC (Minimum Inhibitor Concentration) for Candida albicans could not be observed because the mixture was turbid. The MFC (Minimum Fungicidal Concentration) for Candida albicans was 15% v/v. The tube test and chromatogram showed that the infusion of Allium sativum contained flavonoid, and saponin.

Antimicrobial Effect of Spices and Herbs on Shigella sonnei and Shigella flexneri

2003 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 668-673 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. F. BAGAMBOULA ◽  
M. UYTTENDAELE ◽  
J. DEBEVERE
Keyword(s):  
Shigella Flexneri ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Shigella Sonnei ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Agar Dilution Method ◽  
Shigella Strain ◽  
Growth Inhibitory ◽  
Mueller Hinton ◽  
Shigella Spp

Of 17 spices and herbs tested at 1% (wt/vol) in Mueller-Hinton (MH) agar, only cloves, thyme, oregano, allspice, basil, rosemary, and marjoram showed antimicrobial effects on Shigella. The MICs of thyme, oregano, basil, and rosemary (as determined by the agar dilution method) ranged from 0.5 to 1% (wt/vol) depending on the Shigella strain used. With the use of various combinations of temperatures (12, 22, and 37°C), pHs (5.0, 5.5, and 6.0), and NaCl concentrations (1, 2, 3, and 4%, wt/vol) and the inclusion or exclusion of thyme or basil at 1% (wt/vol) in an MH agar model system, it was established that basil or thyme can contribute to combination processing as a growth-inhibitory factor for Shigella spp. In the presence of basil and thyme, Shigella flexneri did not develop CFU during the 7-day incubation period for, respectively, 14 and 16 of the 18 tested combinations, while growth was noted in the corresponding temperature–pH–NaCl concentration combinations without basil or thyme. A growth-inhibitory effect on Shigella sonnei was also noted. The results of an orientation study involving the addition of basil and thyme to spaghetti sauce prior to autoclaving and S. sonnei inoculation indicated that basil and thyme contributed to the reduction of S. sonnei after 16 days at 12°C but not at 4°C.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Effect of a Peptide Containing Novel Oral Spray on Streptococcus mutans

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaixin Xiong ◽  
Xuan Chen ◽  
Hantao Hu ◽  
Huihui Hou ◽  
Peng Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Peptide ◽  
Minimal Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Qrt Pcr ◽  
Initial Adhesion

Objective. To investigate the antibacterial effect of a novel antimicrobial peptide containing oral spray GERM CLEAN on Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) in vitro and further explore the related mechanisms at phenotypic and transcriptional levels. Methods. The disk diffusion method was used to preliminarily appraise the antimicrobial effect of GERM CLEAN. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of GREM CLEAN towards S. mutans was determined by the broth dilution method. S. mutans virulence-related phenotypic assays including initial adhesive assay, pH drop, exopolysaccharides (EPS), and biofilm formation measurements and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) were further applied to detect the inhibitory mechanisms of GREM CLEAN at 1/2MIC. Results. The diameter (10.18 ± 1.744 mm) of inhibition zones formed by GERM CLEAN preliminarily indicated its inhibitory effect on the major cariogenic bacteria S. mutans. The minimal inhibitory concentration of GERM CLEAN on S. mutans was 100% mass fraction (the stock solution). The study of the antibacterial mechanism showed that GERM CLEAN had a certain inhibitory effect on the initial adhesion, acid production, extracellular polysaccharides (EPS) production, and biofilm formation of S. mutans. GERM CLEAN disturbed S. mutans biofilm physiology mainly through destruction of biofilm architecture and suppression of bacterial growth. The results of qRT-PCR further confirmed that the expression levels of EPS and lactic acid generation genes including gtfB, gtfC, gtfD, and ldh were significantly repressed by treating with GERM CLEAN, and this was consistent with our phenotypic results. Conclusion. The novel antimicrobial peptide containing oral spray GERM CLEAN has an anti-Streptococcus mutans effect and the inhibitory property may be due to suppression of the virulence factors of S. mutans including adhesive, acidogenicity, EPS, and biofilm formation.

scholarly journals ANTIMICROBIAL EFFECTS OF OCIMUM SANCTUM ON ORAL MICROBES

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 316
Author(s):  
Amrita Parida ◽  
Salman Siddeeqh ◽  
Maji Jose ◽  
Manju V.
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Pharmaceutical Formulations ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Ocimum Sanctum ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Alcoholic Extract ◽  
Oral Diseases ◽  
Soxhlet Apparatus ◽  
Oral Microbes

Objective: Ocimum sanctum (Tulsi) of the Lamiaceae family has been used since centuries for its medicinal properties. Tulsi powder has been utilized for cleaning tooth and is known to be effective in maintaining oral hygiene. Although the medical usefulness of tulsi is investigated extensively, its effectiveness in treating oral diseases is not yet established, and only a few studies are available in the literature regarding this aspect. Therefore, in the current study, the antimicrobial activity of alcoholic extract of tulsi on oral microbes was explored.Methods: Ethanolic extract was obtained from the leaves of O. sanctum (tulsi) using the Soxhlet apparatus. The concentration of 400 μg/ml was chosen to test the antimicrobial properties against common oral microbes such as Prevotella intermedia, Streptococcus mutans, Candida albicans, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Streptococcus mitis, and Peptostreptococcus using agar well diffusion and broth dilution method. Chlorhexidine was a positive control. To compare and correlate the results, Mann–Whitney U-test was applied.Results: The ethanolic extract at a concentration of 400 μg/ml showed an inhibitory effect against Streptococcus and Streptococcus with an inhibitory zone of 7.33 mm each. The extract was found to be effective against P. intermedia and Peptostreptococcus. It was also effective against candida (zone of inhibition was 10.67 mm). However, no inhibitory effect was seen on Lactobacillus.Conclusion: O. sanctum extract was found to have inhibitory effects on oral microbes, and hence, pharmaceutical formulations prepared from tulsi extracts could have a potential to be used as a part of routine dental hygiene.

scholarly journals Dose Optimization of Aditoprim-Sulfamethoxazole Combinations Against Trueperella pyogenes From Patients With Clinical Endometritis by Using Semi-mechanistic PK/PD Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Kashif Maan ◽  
Tamoor Hamid Chaudhry ◽  
Adeel Sattar ◽  
Muhammad Abu Bakr Shabbir ◽  
Saeed Ahmed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Synergistic Effect ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Optimal Dosage ◽  
Optimal Dosage Regimen ◽  
Time Kill

Combinations of two and more drugs with different target sites are being used as a new treatment regimen for resistant clones of bacteria. Though, achieving the right combination of the drugs for optimal dosage regimen is challenging. In our study, we studied the antimicrobial effect of aditoprim, a novel dihydrofolate reductase inhibitor, and its synergistic effect with sulfamethoxazole. Synergy testing was performed by checkerboard micro dilution method and validation of different checkerboard ratios by static and dynamic time-kill analysis and in vitro pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamics (PK/PD) model, and semi mechanistic PK/PD modeling was used to calculate and validate the synergistic effect of drug combination. Both checkerboard and static time-kill assays demonstrated the greater synergistic effect [fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI) = 0.37] of the aditoprim [minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) = 0.25 µg/ml]-sulfamethoxazole (MIC=&gt;64 µg/ml) combination against all T. Pyogenes isolates. In the in vitro PK/PD model, the dosage proportion of sulfamethoxazole 4 mg/ml twice a day in combination with steady-state aditoprim 1 mg/ml efficiently repressed the growth of bacteria in 24 h with the ratio of 2-log10 decrease, related to the early inoculum against three T. Pyogenes isolates. The semi mechanistic PK/PD model projected that a combination of a high dose of aditoprim (2 mg/ml) with sulfamethoxazole (2 mg/day) was necessary to attain the killing of bacteria below the detection limit (limit of detection (LOD); i.e., 1 log10 CFU/ml) at 24 h with an MIC sulfamethoxazole (SMZ) of 64 µg/ml. However, it is anticipated that a combination of high dose of aditoprim with sulfamethoxazole is critical to attain the suppressed bacterial growth to &lt; LOD. This study represents essential PK/PD modeling for optimization of combination of aditoprim and sulfamethoxazole to suppress growth of T. Pyogenens.

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