Detection of blaVIM and blaIMP Carbapenemase-Producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa from Clinical Samples in Iran

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Reza Zolfaghari
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
High Level

Background and Aims: The prevalence of carbapenemase-producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) strains has been recently reported worldwide. Therefore, accurate and rapid detection of carbapenemase-producing isolates is essential. So, this study aimed to detect blaVIM and blaIMP carbapenemase-producing strains using the modified Hodge test (MHT) and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, P. aeruginosa  strains were collected from clinical samples (blood, urine, wound, and other liquids body) in Firoozgar and Shahid Motahari Hospitals in Tehran and Velayat Hospital in Rasht Province, from May to December 2018. After identifying the isolates using the standard microbial tests, carbapenemase-producing strains were isolated by the modified hodge test. After that, the detection of blaVIM and blaIMP genes was performed by RT-PCR technique. Results: One hundred P. aeruginosa were isolated from different clinical samples. Among these, 74 (74%) isolates were considered as carbapenemase positive using MHT. The frequencies of blaVIM and blaIMP genes were obtained as 83% and 11%, respectively. Conclusions: The results of this study indicate a high level of resistance to most of the antibiotics tested and a high prevalence of blaVIM gene in P. aeruginosa strains.

scholarly journals Headache associated with COVID-19: Frequency, characteristics and association with anosmia and ageusia

Cephalalgia ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (13) ◽  
pp. 1443-1451 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro Augusto Sampaio Rocha-Filho ◽  
João Eudes Magalhães
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Severe Intensity ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Objectives To assess the frequency and characteristics of headache in patients with COVID-19 and whether there is an association between headache and anosmia and ageusia. Methods This was a cross-sectional study. Consecutive patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19, confirmed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) technique, were assessed by neurologists. Results Seventy-three patients were included in the study, 63% were male; the median age was 58 years (IQR: 47–66). Forty-seven patients (64.4%) reported headaches, which had most frequently begun on the first day of symptoms, were bilateral (94%), presenting severe intensity (53%) and a migraine phenotype (51%). Twelve patients (16.4%) presented with headache triggered by coughing. Eleven (15%) patients reported a continuous headache. Twenty-eight patients (38.4%) presented with anosmia and 29 (39.7%) with ageusia. Patients who reported hyposmia/anosmia and/or hypogeusia/ageusia experienced headache more frequently than those without these symptoms (OR: 5.39; 95% CI:1.66–17.45; logistic regression). Patients with anosmia and ageusia presented headache associated with phonophobia more often compared to those with headache without these complaints (Chi-square test; p < 0.05). Headache associated with COVID-19 presented a migraine phenotype more frequently in those experiencing previous migraine ( p < 0.05). Conclusion Headaches associated with COVID-19 are frequent, are generally severe, diffuse, present a migraine phenotype and are associated with anosmia and ageusia.

scholarly journals Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) as an influenza diagnostic test among children in Yogyakarta

2016 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 288
Author(s):  
Eva Musdalifah ◽  
M. Juffrie ◽  
Purnomo S ◽  
Amalia Amalia
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Highly Pathogenic ◽  
Viral Culture ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

Background Influenza virus type A, especially H5Nl subtype oravian influenza, is a highly pathogenic agent that causes epidemicin the world with high mortality. Most cases are preschool andschool children. Anti-viral drug is effective when given at earlyphase. The gold standard for the diagnosis of influenza is viralculture, which takes 2 to 10 days. A rapid and accurate diagnostictest is needed to control further viral infection.Objective To determine the accuracy of RT-PCR as a diagnostictest for children with influenza compared with viral culture.Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in primary healthcares of Jetis I, Godean I, II and Dr Sardjito Hospital Yogyakartabetween January 2005 and May 2007. The specimens, taken bytrained health personnel, were collected from both anterior naresand throat of children aged from birth to 14 years who met theeligibility criteria, then were stored in a frozen extraction tubeand sent to Jakarta for RT-PCR and viral culture as the goldstandard.Results There were 34 7 children enrolled in this study. Influenzainfection was confirmed in 63 children (18.2%). There were 24children with H3N2 subtype of influenza virus, 13 children withHINI subtype, and one child with H5Nl subtype. The sensitivity,specificity, positive and negative predictive value, positive andnegative likelihood ratio of RT-PCR test were 89%, 90%, 67%,97%, 9, 3, 0, and 12 respectively.Conclusions RT-PCR is accurate enough as influenza diagnostictest in children.

scholarly journals COVID-19 scoring

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 1731
Author(s):  
Sayonee Das ◽  
Abhijit Ray
Keyword(s):  
Scoring System ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Warning Signs ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Common People ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Score Following ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Background: Triaging of COVID-19 patients. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has posed a threat both to lives of common people as well as to the existing overburdened healthcare system. There has been dearth of hospital beds which has lead to chaos. In such a situation triaging of patients is of utmost importance to avoid unnecessary hospital admission which results in both anxiety in patients and increases load on hospitals. We hereby propose a scoring system which incorporates all the points that must be seen in suspected and tested positive COVID-19 patients and gives a score following which patients can be divided into different stages as per severity namely mild, moderate and severe. Mild cases can be advised for home quarantine/isolation with warning signs explained and this reduces unnecessary admissions. Moderate and severe cases which requires admission can be triaged with respect to ward and intensive care unit (ICU) admissions. This prevents unnecessary ICU admissions as well as prevents delay in ICU shifting of moderate cases on deterioration.Methods: We have conducted a cross-sectional study on 500 suspected and real time-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) tested positive COVID-19 patients using this scoring system in order to triage them.Result: Out of 500 patients including both suspected and positive COVID-19 patients only 373 required admissions whereas 127 admissions were successfully avoided as they could be sent for home quarantine/isolation.Conclusion: Triaging of patients, especially during a pandemic where the case load is immense, is very important. Presence of a concise score which incorporate all important points serves the purpose.

West Nile Virus Chorioretinitis in the Presence of Negative Cerebrospinal Fluid Polymerase Chain Reaction Results

2021 ◽  
pp. 247412642097925
Author(s):  
Kareem Moussa ◽  
Karen W. Jeng-Miller ◽  
Leo A. Kim ◽  
Dean Eliott
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Nucleic Acid Amplification ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Positive Serum ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Purpose: This work aims to evaluate the utility of nucleic acid amplification testing (NAAT) and serology in confirming West Nile Virus (WNV) infection in patients with suspected WNV chorioretinitis. Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted of a cluster of patients who presented to the Retina Service of Massachusetts Eye and Ear between September and October 2018. Results: Three patients were identified with classic WNV chorioretinitis lesions with negative cerebrospinal fluid NAAT and positive serum serology findings. The diagnosis of WNV chorioretinitis was made based on the appearance of the fundus lesions and the presence of characteristic findings on fluorescein angiography as previously described in the literature. Conclusions: This report highlights 3 unique cases of WNV chorioretinitis in which NAAT of cerebrospinal fluid failed to identify WNV as the inciting agent. These cases stress the importance of serum serologic testing in diagnosing WNV infection.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Cryptosporidiosis in Crossbred Calves in Two Selected Areas of Bangladesh

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-190
Author(s):  
A Khair ◽  
MM Alam ◽  
AKMA Rahman ◽  
M Shahiduzzaman ◽  
MS Parvez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Detection ◽  
Clinical Status ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Polymerase Chain

A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the prevalence of bovine cryptosporidiosis using 110 fecal samples of crossbred diarrhoeic calves from two different areas (Muktagacha, Mymensingh and Shajadpur, Sirajgonj) in Bangladesh during April 2012 to September 2014. The fecal samples were screened by rapid detection kit and confirmed by Modified Ziehl- Neelsen staining, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The positive samples along with standard positive control yielded 1325bp band on PCR. The overall prevalence of cryptosporidiosis in crossbred calves was 28.18% (31/110) by rapid detection kit. The higher prevalence of cryptosporidiosis was found in the calves from Shajadpur (29.76%) than the calves from Muktagacha (23.08%).The prevalence of cryptosporidiosis was significantly (p<0.001) higher in calves between 1-2 months (70%) age group than less than one month age group (24.49%). Cryptosporidiosis was not observed in calves over two months age. The prevalence of cryptosporidiosis was higher in males (34.75%) than females (24.64%) although not significant statistically. It is evident that the prevalence of cryptosporidiosis in bovine in these areas is under diagnosed and the clinical status of infection is potentially high.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjvm.v12i2.21288 Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2014). 12 (2): 185-190 

A cross-sectional study of Leishmania spp. infection in clinically healthy dogs with polymerase chain reaction and serology in Greece

2002 ◽  
Vol 109 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 19-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonidas S Leontides ◽  
Manolis N Saridomichelakis ◽  
Charalambos Billinis ◽  
Vasilios Kontos ◽  
Alexander F Koutinas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Leishmania Spp ◽  
Healthy Dogs ◽  
Polymerase Chain

scholarly journals Association of Myeloid Aberrant Antigens and the Presence of BCR-ABL Gene Re-arrangements in ALL Patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-15
Author(s):  
Md. Shafiul Azam ◽  
Khaza Amirul Islam ◽  
Sharmin Mafruha ◽  
Mirza Golam Sarwar ◽  
Md. Salahuddin Shah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia ◽  
Lymphoblastic Leukaemia ◽  
Selection Criteria ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Genetic Abnormality ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Made In

Background: BCR-ABL translocation is the most common genetic abnormality associated with adult Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia (ALL) with poor outcome. Objective: The aim of the study was to determine the association of myeloid aberrant antigens and the presence of BCR-ABL gene rearrangements in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) patients in our context. Method: A total of 38 ALL patients were included in this cross-sectional study from August 2018 to July 2019 according to selection criteria. BCR-ABL was detected by Real Time-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR). Results: The median age at diagnosis was 27.5 years with male (76.3%) predominance. Aberrant myeloid markers, e.g.CD13 was present in 9(64.3%) patients who were BCR-ABL positive which was statistically significant (p:<0.05). Conclusion: Early suspicion about BCR-ABL positivity can be made in ALL patients who show aberrant myeloid expression.

scholarly journals Loss of Sense of Smell and Taste among Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction Positive COVID-19 Patients of a Tertiary Care Hospital: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 1561-1564
Author(s):  
Rajeev Shah ◽  
Bipin Koirala ◽  
Sangya Gyawali
Keyword(s):  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Taste And Smell

Results: A total of 166 patients were included in the study. The age of the patients ranged from 10 to 84 years with a mean age of 44.34 ± 23.059 years. Out of the 166 RT-PCR positive patients 103 (62%) had a loss of taste while 114 (68.7%) had a loss of smell. Nearly half of the subjects about 99 (51.6%) had dysfunction in both taste and smell. Conclusions: The present study shows the strong association between the olfactory and gustatory dysfunction with that of COVID infection. Patients with loss of taste and smell should be evaluated properly at the time of COVID pandemic. Olfactory and Gustatory dysfunction can be the early and only manifestation of COVID infection.   The prevalence of loss of smell and taste was similar to other studies done in similar settings.

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